scholarly journals Texturing and Phase Evolution in Ti-6Al-4V: Effect of Electron Beam Melting Process, Powder Re-Using, and HIP Treatment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4473
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Popov ◽  
Mikhail L. Lobanov ◽  
Stepan I. Stepanov ◽  
Yuanshen Qi ◽  
Gary Muller-Kamskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Powder Recycling ◽  
Material Powder

The research demonstrates microstructural changes and development of specific texture in Ti-6Al-4V specimens produced by electron beam melting (EBM) under different conditions. The effect of two factors, namely, raw material (powder) recycling and hot isostatic pressing (HIP), on the EBM produced samples structure and properties, has been explored. The as-printed and treated samples were investigated using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. Modification of mechanical properties after the EBM and HIP are explained by the EBSD data on microstructural phenomena and phase transformations. The work is devoted to assessing the possibility of reusing the residual titanium alloy powder for the manufacture of titanium components by the combination of EBM and HIP methods.

scholarly journals Residual stress investigation on Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb samples produced by Electron Beam Melting process

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 336-341
Author(s):  
Manuela Galati ◽  
Giovanni Rizza ◽  
Alessandro Salmi ◽  
Sara Biamino ◽  
Cristian Ghibaudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Electron Beam Melting Process

scholarly journals Can Appropriate Thermal Post-Treatment Make Defect Content in as-Built Electron Beam Additively Manufactured Alloy 718 Irrelevant?

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Goel ◽  
Kévin Bourreau ◽  
Jonas Olsson ◽  
Uta Klement ◽  
Shrikant Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Defect Content ◽  
Enhancing Production ◽  
Hardness Values

Electron beam melting (EBM) is gaining rapid popularity for production of complex customized parts. For strategic applications involving materials like superalloys (e.g., Alloy 718), post-treatments including hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) to eliminate defects, and solutionizing and aging to achieve the desired phase constitution are often practiced. The present study specifically explores the ability of the combination of the above post-treatments to render the as-built defect content in EBM Alloy 718 irrelevant. Results show that HIPing can reduce defect content from as high as 17% in as-built samples (intentionally generated employing increased processing speeds in this illustrative proof-of-concept study) to <0.3%, with the small amount of remnant defects being mainly associated with oxide inclusions. The subsequent solution and aging treatments are also found to yield virtually identical phase distribution and hardness values in samples with vastly varying as-built defect contents. This can have considerable implications in contributing to minimizing elaborate process optimization efforts as well as slightly enhancing production speeds to promote industrialization of EBM for applications that demand the above post-treatments.

Realizing a full volume component by in-situ welding during electron beam melting process

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Wang ◽  
Mui Ling Sharon Nai ◽  
Wai Jack Sin ◽  
Shenglu Lu ◽  
Baicheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Electron Beam Melting Process ◽  
Full Volume

scholarly journals Mapping the Tray of Electron Beam Melting of Ti-6Al-4V: Properties and Microstructure

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tiferet ◽  
M. Ganor ◽  
D. Zolotaryov ◽  
A. Garkun ◽  
A. Hadjadj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Lack Of Fusion ◽  
Fatigue Endurance ◽  
Printing Machine

Using an electron beam melting (EBM) printing machine (Arcam A2X, Sweden), a matrix of 225 samples (15 rows and 15 columns) of Ti-6Al-4V was produced. The density of the specimens across the tray in the as-built condition was approximately 99.9% of the theoretical density of the alloy, ρT. Tensile strength, tensile elongation, and fatigue life were studied for the as-built samples. Location dependency of the mechanical properties along the build area was observed. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) slightly increased the density to 99.99% of ρT but drastically improved the fatigue endurance and tensile elongation, probably due to the reduction in the size and the distribution of flaws. The microstructure of the as-built samples contained various defects (e.g., lack of fusion, porosity) that were not observed in the HIP-ed samples. HIP also reduced some of the location related variation in the mechanical properties values, observed in the as-printed condition.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Electron Beam Melting Produced Alloy 718 to Reduce Surface Connected Defects by Hot Isostatic Pressing

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunus Emre Zafer ◽  
Sneha Goel ◽  
Ashish Ganvir ◽  
Anton Jansson ◽  
Shrikant Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Coated Sample ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
X Ray Computed

Defects in electron beam melting (EBM) manufactured Alloy 718 are inevitable to some extent, and are of concern as they can degrade mechanical properties of the material. Therefore, EBM-manufactured Alloy 718 is typically subjected to post-treatment to improve the properties of the as-built material. Although hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) is usually employed to close the defects, it is widely known that HIPing cannot close open-to-surface defects. Therefore, in this work, a hypothesis is formulated that if the surface of the EBM-manufactured specimen is suitably coated to encapsulate the EBM-manufactured specimen, then HIPing can be effective in healing such surface-connected defects. The EBM-manufactured Alloy 718 specimens were coated by high-velocity air fuel (HVAF) spraying using Alloy 718 powder prior to HIPing to evaluate the above approach. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) analysis of the defects in the same coated sample before and after HIPing showed that some of the defects connected to the EBM specimen surface were effectively encapsulated by the coating, as they were closed after HIPing. However, some of these surface-connected defects were retained. The reason for such remnant defects is attributed to the presence of interconnected pathways between the ambient and the original as-built surface of the EBM specimen, as the specimens were not coated on all sides. These pathways were also exaggerated by the high surface roughness of the EBM material and could have provided an additional path for argon infiltration, apart from the uncoated sides, thereby hindering complete densification of the specimen during HIPing.

scholarly journals The Effect of Post-Processing on the Mechanical Behavior of Ti6Al4V Manufactured by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion for General Aviation Primary Structural Applications

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Carmine Pirozzi ◽  
Stefania Franchitti ◽  
Rosario Borrelli ◽  
Antonio Chiariello ◽  
Luigi Di Palma
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Structural Applications

In this work a mechanical characterization of Ti6Al4V processed by electron beam powder bed fusion additive manufacturing was carried out to investigate the viability of this technology for the manufacturing of flyable parts for general aviation aircraft. Tests were performed on different manufacturing conditions in order to investigate the effect of post processing as machining on the mechanical behavior. The study provides useful information to airframe designers and manufacturing specialists that work with this technology. The investigation confirms the low process variability and provides data to be used in the design loop of general aviation primary structural elements. The test results show a high level of repeatability indicating that the process is well controlled and reliable enough to match the airworthiness requirements. In addition, the so-called “as-built specimens”, i.e., specimens produced by the electron beam melting machine without any major post-processing, have lower mechanical performances than specimens subjected to a machining phase after the electron beam melting process. Specific primary structural elements will be designed and flight cleared, resulting from the findings presented herein.

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