scholarly journals Advanced Eco-Friendly Formulations of Guar Biopolymer-Based Textile Conditioners

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5749
Author(s):  
Evdokia K. Oikonomou ◽  
Jean-François Berret
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Colloidal Dispersions ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Double Chain ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Household Products ◽  
New Formulation

Fabric conditioners are household products used to impart softness and fragrance to textiles. They are colloidal dispersions of cationic double chain surfactants that self-assemble in vesicles. These surfactants are primarily derived from palm oil chemical modification. Reducing the content of these surfactants allows to obtain products with lower environmental impact. Such a reduction, without adverse effects on the characteristics of the softener and its performance, can be achieved by adding hydrophilic biopolymers. Here, we review the role of guar biopolymers modified with cationic or hydroxyl-propyl groups, on the physicochemical properties of the formulation. Electronic and optical microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray scattering and rheology of vesicles dispersion in the absence and presence of guar biopolymers are analyzed. Finally, the deposition of the new formulation on cotton fabrics is examined through scanning electron microscopy and a new protocol based on fluorescent microscopy. With this methodology, it is possible to quantify the deposition of surfactants on cotton fibers. The results show that the approach followed here can facilitate the design of sustainable home-care products.

scholarly journals Effect of tungsten disulfide nanotubes on crystallization of polylactide under uniaxial deformation and annealing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausta Loffredo ◽  
Loredana Tammaro ◽  
Tiziana Di Luccio ◽  
Carmela Borriello ◽  
Fulvia Villani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Tungsten Disulfide ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Uniaxial Deformation ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering

AbstractTungsten disulfide (WS2) nanotubes (NTs) are examined here as a filler for polylactide (PLA) for their ability to accelerate PLA crystallization and for their promising biocompatibility in relevant to biomedical applications of PLA-WS2 nanocomposites. In this work, we have studied the structural and thermal properties of PLA-WS2 nanocomposite films varying the concentration of WS2 NTs from 0 (neat PLA) to 0.6 wt%. The films were uniaxially drawn at 90 °C and annealed at the same temperature for 3 and 10 min. Using wide angle x-ray scattering, Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, we probed the effects of WS2 NT addition on the structure of the PLA films at various stages of processing (unstretched, stretching, annealing). We found that 0.6 wt% of WS2 induces the same level of crystallinity in as stretched PLA-WS2 as annealing in neat PLA for 10 min. These data provide useful insights into the role of WS2 NTs on the structural evolution of PLA-WS2 composites under uniaxial deformation, and extend their applicability to situations where fine tuning of PLA crystallinity is desirable.

scholarly journals Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering on Ferrous and Ferric Bis-imidazole Porphyrin and Cytochromec: Nature and Role of the Axial Methionine–Fe Bond

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (52) ◽  
pp. 18087-18099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kroll ◽  
Ryan G. Hadt ◽  
Samuel A. Wilson ◽  
Marcus Lundberg ◽  
James J. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals Prominent role of oxygen in the multiferroicity ofDyMnO3andTbMnO3: A resonant soft x-ray scattering spectroscopy study

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Huang ◽  
J. M. Lee ◽  
Horng-Tay Jeng ◽  
YuCheng Shao ◽  
L. Andrew Wray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Static structure and dynamical behavior of colloidal liquid crystals consisting of hydroxyapatite-based nanorod hybrids

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 3315-3322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Hoshino ◽  
Masanari Nakayama ◽  
So Fujinami ◽  
Tomotaka Nakatani ◽  
Yoshiki Kohmura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Colloidal Dispersions ◽  
Static Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

The static structure and dynamics of liquid-crystalline colloidal dispersions of hydroxyapatite nanorods are studied using X-ray scattering techniques.

scholarly journals The Role of Intersubunit Interactions for the Stabilization of the T State ofEscherichia coliAspartate Transcarbamoylase

2002 ◽  
Vol 277 (51) ◽  
pp. 49755-49760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin S. Chan ◽  
Jessica B. Sakash ◽  
Christine P. Macol ◽  
Jay M. West ◽  
Hiro Tsuruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Structural State ◽  
Aspartate Transcarbamoylase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Intersubunit Interactions ◽  
T State ◽  
Ray Scattering

Homotropic cooperativity inEscherichia coliaspartate transcarbamoylase results from the substrate-induced transition from the T to the R state. These two alternate states are stabilized by a series of interdomain and intersubunit interactions. The salt link between Lys-143 of the regulatory chain and Asp-236 of the catalytic chain is only observed in the T state. When Asp-236 is replaced by alanine the resulting enzyme exhibits full activity, enhanced affinity for aspartate, no cooperativity, and no heterotropic interactions. These characteristics are consistent with an enzyme locked in the functional R state. Using small angle x-ray scattering, the structural consequences of the D236A mutant were characterized. The unliganded D236A holoenzyme appears to be in a new structural state that is neither T, R, nor a mixture of T and R states. The structure of the native D236A holoenzyme is similar to that previously reported for another mutant holoenzyme (E239Q) that also lacks intersubunit interactions. A hybrid version of aspartate transcarbamoylase in which one catalytic subunit was wild-type and the other had the D236A mutation was also investigated. The hybrid holoenzyme, with three of the six possible interactions involving Asp-236, exhibited homotropic cooperativity, and heterotropic interactions consistent with an enzyme with both T and R functional states. Small angle x-ray scattering analysis of the unligated hybrid indicated that the enzyme was in a new structural state more similar to the T than to the R state of the wild-type enzyme. These data suggest that three of the six intersubunit interactions involving D236A are sufficient to stabilize a T-like state of the enzyme and allow for an allosteric transition.

scholarly journals Conformal Functionalization of Cotton Fibers via Isoreticular Expansion of UiO-66 Metal-Organic Frameworks

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Marion Schelling ◽  
Eugenio Otal ◽  
Manuela Kim ◽  
Juan P. Hinestroza
Keyword(s):  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Conformal Coating ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Metal Organic

We report on the growing of metal-organic frameworks that are isoreticular and isostructural to UiO-66, onto cotton fabrics via a solvothermal method. Four different metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2, UiO-66-NDC, and UiO-67) were chosen as a case study. The presence of the UiO-based MOFs was confirmed through X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. We used thermogravimetric analysis to quantify the amount of the MOF loading, which ranged from 0.8% to 2.6% m/m. We also explored the role of ligand size, growth time, and reaction temperature on the conformal coating of cotton fibers with these Zr-based MOFs. Cotton fabrics coated with Zr-based MOFs can find applications as selective filters in aggressive environments due to their enhanced chemical and thermal stabilities.

Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering for the Discerning Macromolecular Crystallographer

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lachlan W. Casey ◽  
Alan E. Mark ◽  
Bostjan Kobe
Keyword(s):  
Structural Biology ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Macromolecular Crystallography ◽  
Saxs Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

The role of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in structural biology is now well established, and its usefulness in combination with macromolecular crystallography is clear. However, the highly averaged SAXS data present a significant risk of over-interpretation to the unwary practitioner, and it can be challenging to frame SAXS results in a manner that maximises the reliability of the conclusions drawn. In this review, a series of recent examples are used to illustrate both the challenges for interpretation and approaches through which these can be overcome.

Role of boron on grain sizes and magnetic correlation lengths in recording media as determined by soft x-ray scattering

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Hellwig ◽  
D. T. Margulies ◽  
B. Lengsfield ◽  
Eric E. Fullerton ◽  
J. B. Kortright
Keyword(s):  
Recording Media ◽  
Correlation Lengths ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Correlation ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals The role of the ionic liquid C6C1ImTFSI in the sol–gel synthesis of silica studied using in situ SAXS and Raman spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 9841-9848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moheb Nayeri ◽  
Kim Nygård ◽  
Maths Karlsson ◽  
Manuel Maréchal ◽  
Manfred Burghammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis ◽  
Ray Scattering

Structural and chemical changes during the sol–gel synthesis of silica using an ionic liquid are investigatedin situand simultaneously by X-ray scattering and μ-Raman spectroscopy.

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