scholarly journals Theft-Safe Explosive Mixtures Based on Hydrogen Peroxide: Study of Properties and Built-In Self-Deactivation Kinetics

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5818
Author(s):  
Mateusz Polis ◽  
Karolina Nikolczuk ◽  
Andrzej Maranda ◽  
Agnieszka Stolarczyk ◽  
Tomasz Jarosz
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Emulsion Explosives ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
Deactivation Kinetics ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Over Time

The current focus on both environmental and general safety is an important issue in the field of explosives. As such, environmentally-friendly explosives, based on hydrogen peroxide (HTP) as an oxidising agent, are of significant interest. These explosives can be designed to undergo self-deactivation, denying access to them by any unlawful third parties that may attempt scavenging blasting sites for any residual energetic materials. Such deactivation also improves blasting safety, as, after a set time, misfired charges no longer pose any explosive threat. In this work, we have designed HTP-based explosive formulations that undergo deactivation after approximately 12 h. To this effect, Al powders were used both as fuels and HTP decomposition promoters. The shock wave parameters and ability to perform mechanical work of the proposed explosive formulations are comparable to those of dynamites and bulk emulsion explosives, and the details of the changes of these parameters over time are also reported.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Parameters of a Shock Wave on the Wall of an Explosion Cavity with the Refraction of a Detonation Wave of Emulsion Explosives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3976
Author(s):  
Pavel Igorevich Afanasev ◽  
Khairullo Faizullaevich Makhmudov
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Detonation Wave ◽  
Cavity Wall ◽  
Emulsion Explosives ◽  
Explosion Products ◽  
Wave Refraction ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
Jouguet Point

At present, studying the parameters of shock waves at pressures up to 20 GPa entails a number of practical difficulties. In order to describe the propagation of shock waves, their initial parameters on the wall of the explosion cavity need to be known. With the determination of initial parameters, pressures in the near zone of the explosion can be calculated, and the choice of explosives can be substantiated. Therefore, developing a method for estimating shock wave parameters on an explosion cavity wall during the refraction of a detonation wave is an important problem in blast mining. This article proposes a method based on the theory of breakdown of an arbitrary discontinuity (the Riemann problem) to determine the shock wave parameters on the wall of the explosion cavity. Two possible variants of detonation wave refraction on the explosion cavity wall are described. This manuscript compares the parameters on the explosion cavity wall when using emulsion explosives with those obtained using cheap granular ANFO explosives. The detonative decomposition of emulsion explosives is also considered, and an equation of state for gaseous explosion products is proposed, which enables the estimation of detonation parameters while accounting for the incompressible volume of molecules (covolume) at the Chapman–Jouguet point.

scholarly journals Line- and Point-Focused Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Achilles Tendinopathy: A Placebo-Controlled RCT Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812199179
Author(s):  
Matthias Gatz ◽  
Sebastian Schweda ◽  
Marcel Betsch ◽  
Timm Dirrichs ◽  
Matias de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Ultrasound Tissue Characterization ◽  
Score Improvement ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Tendon Adaptation ◽  
Over Time

Background: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a widely considered treatment option for Achilles tendinopathy. Line-focused ESWT is a novel technique treating a larger tendon area than point-focused ESWT. Monitoring capacities of clinical symptoms with ultrasound under ESWT treatment are unknown. Hypothesis: Point- and line-focused ESWT have a superior outcome than placebo ESWT. ESWT leads to morphological tendon changes detectable with ultrasound. Study Design: Single-blinded placebo-controlled randomized contolled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Methods: The study was conducted in 3 cohorts, namely ESWT point (n = 21), ESWT line (n = 24), and ESWT placebo (n = 21). Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A) score was measured before the intervention (T0), after 6 weeks (T1), and after 24 weeks (T2). All cohorts performed daily physiotherapy for 24 weeks and received 4 sessions of point-focused, line-focused, or placebo ESWT in the first 6 weeks. Ultrasound was performed with B-mode, power Doppler, shear wave elastography (SWE) at T0 and T2 and with ultrasound tissue characterization (UTC) at T0, T1, and T2. Data were analyzed with a mixed analysis of variance and t test. Results: There was a significant VISA-A improvement over time for all groups ( P < 0.001). ESWT point had the strongest VISA-A score improvement +23 (ESWT line: +18; ESWT placebo: +15), but there was no significant interaction between time and any of the groups: F(4, 116) = 1.393; P = 0.24. UTC, power Doppler, and B-mode could not show significant alterations over time. SWE revealed a significant increase of elastic properties for ESWT point in the insertion ( t = −3.113, P = 0.03) and midportion ( t = −2.627, P = 0.02) over time. Conclusion: There is a significant VISA-A score improvement for all study groups without a statistically significant benefit for ESWT point or ESWT line compared with ESWT placebo. Tendon adaptation could only be detected with SWE for ESWT point. Clinical Relevance: The present study could not detect any statistically relevant effect of ESWT compared to placebo. SWE is able to demonstrate tendon adaptation.

Conditions needed for generation of type II radio emission in the interplanetary space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immanuel Christopher Jebaraj ◽  
Athanasios Kouloumvakos ◽  
Jasmina Magdalenic ◽  
Alexis Rouillard ◽  
Vratislav Krupar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Radio Emission ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Radio Observations ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
First Results ◽  
Radio Signature

&lt;p&gt;Eruptive events such as Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flares cangenerate shock waves. Tracking shock waves and predicting their arrival at Earth is a subject of numerous space weather studies. Ground-based radio observations allow us to locate shock waves in the low corona while space-based radio observations provide us opportunity to track shock waves in the inner heliosphere. We present a case study of CME/flare event, associated shock wave and its radio signature, i.e. type II radio burst.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to analyze the shock wave parameters, we employed a robust paradigm. We reconstructed the shock wave in 3D using multi-viewpoint observations and modelled the evolution of its parameters using a 3D MHD background coronal model produced by the MAS (Magnetohydrodynamics Around a Sphere).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To map regions on the shock wave surface, possibly associated with the electron acceleration, we combined 3D shock modelling results with the 3D source positions of the type II burst obtained using the radio triangulation technique. We localize the region of interest on the shock surface and examine the shock wave parameters to understand the relationship between the shock wave and the radio event. We analyzed the evolution of the upstream plasma characteristics and shock wave parameters during the full duration of the type II radio emission. First results indicate that shock wave geometry and its relationship with shock strength play an important role in the acceleration of electrons responsible for the generation of type II radio bursts.&lt;/p&gt;

Greywater disinfection with the environmentally friendly Hydrogen Peroxide Plus (HPP)

Chemosphere ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeev Ronen ◽  
Adriana Guerrero ◽  
Amit Gross
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Environmentally Friendly

The Application of Microwave Technology in the Anti-Felting Finishing Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1442-1445
Author(s):  
Shu Zhao ◽  
Yong Qing Ding ◽  
Qi Chi Yu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Microwave Technology ◽  
Microwave Pretreatment ◽  
Finishing Process

In order to get a kind of environmentally anti-felting finishing process for woolen knitted knitted fabric,the method of microwave / hydrogen peroxide pretreatment is applied and the effect of chitosan anti-felting finishing process is studied in this paper. The results show that the application of microwave technology can greatly reduce the time of pretreatment and increase the efficiency of pretreatment; the anti-felting process of hydrogen peroxide/microwave pretreatment combined with chitosan finishing for the woolen knitted fabric is effective, environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals Accounting Engineering and Management of Results

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura-Maria Popescu ◽  
Ileana Nișulescu-Ashrafzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Over Time

Accounting means normally a basis while making management decisions; it is the information tool in order to highlight the strategies and to confirm their success. There are also cases where the roles are reversed and the management delineates the accounting directions according to the results obtained, thus being transformed from the company management for results to the results themselves. Even if over time, the information and activity monitoring techniques improved, the precision of the economic and financial data remains dependent on the reporting referential and the manipulation technique of the results. The article is meant to highlight the items capable to characterise the choice of a management based on results, the conditions of its development, how the financial and accounting information users are affected, particularly the investors, as well as how it can be detected. It is also highlighted the fact that the management based on results plays a very important role for the apparition and development of the accounting engineering at the level of company by the determination it exercises over the managers while achieving or surpassing the objectives. Thus, there is the issue of a false reflection of the company’s activity, regarded by the prism of the management objectives, making particularly sensitive the passage from the economic reality of the company to the management ideals of the management. The financial and accounting information remains as main source of reflection of the economic activity and of the results of these activities, both for the own managers of the entities and for the large diversity of third parties: providers, customers, employees, investors, banks, State institutions etc., that makes it vulnerable in front of the external actions. It is important that in any management plan, its accounting represents a source of information for the management and not a means of obtaining the results.

New Post Etch Polymer Removal Process for Al-Interconnects and Vias in Tank and Spray Tools Using a New Inorganic Chemistry

2005 ◽  
Vol 103-104 ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Raimund Mellies ◽  
Stefan Kunz ◽  
Franz Nilius ◽  
Dieter Mayer ◽  
Andreas Kühner
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Chemistry ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Removal Process ◽  
Dielectric Layers ◽  
New Type ◽  
Etch Residue

A Post-Etch-Residue (PER) removal process for tank and spray tools has been developed using a new inorganic aqueous based chemistry. The performance of this new type of polymer remover, Inosolv 400 Fotopur®, on process wafers is compared with other inorganic chemistries such as DSP (Dilute Sulphuric acid hydrogen Peroxide) and DSP+, containing traces of HF. Inosolv 400 Fotopur® has improved polymer removal capabilities. Furthermore Inosolv 400 Fotopur® does not show any attack of the metal or dielectric layers and is inorganic based and thus environmentally friendly.

3-R-4-(5-methyleneazide-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)furazan and its ionic salts as low-sensitivity and high-detonation energetic materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Yifei Liu ◽  
Zhen Dong ◽  
Haiyan Li ◽  
Zhiwen Ye
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Azide Group ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Ionic Salts ◽  
Low Sensitivity

As an environmentally friendly energetic group, the azide group can not only control the melting point but also increase the energy of the compound. Therefore, the design and synthesis of...

Paying a premium for an accounting crime

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lita – Dharmayuni ◽  
Lita – Dharmayuni
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Law And Legislation ◽  
Accounting Reports ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Over Time

Purpose This study aims to look at how the intention of a person when facing a dilemma to choose a good outcome (utilitarian) or a good and ethical process regardless of the outcome (deontological) by raising the case of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Jiwasraya). Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted using a literature study method where researchers will analyze through previous research and news related to ethics, psychology and Jiwasraya cases. Findings In the Jiwasraya case, it can be said that the deontology principle has been violated, but the utilitarian principle also cannot provide benefits to the parties who should benefit, namely, the premium payers and the owners of third parties funds. In terms of intentions, at first, Jiwasraya’s management may intend to save and provide benefits to customers and the public who deposit funds at Jiwasraya (utilitarian principle). However, over time, managers choose to “allow” conditions to occur and even begin to engage in activities to take advantage of certain parties and groups by taking policies that are not by the rules (violating deontological principles) for personal gain. Research limitations/implications This study only discusses the Jiwasraya case through financial and accounting reports. Future studies can continue this research by looking at the Jiwasraya case through the law and legislation to obtain a complete picture. Practical implications With this research, it is hoped that the authors can better understand that the dilemma the author faces is rooted in the limitations of the abilities as humans; the ethics will influence all intentions for the choices the authors make. Originality/value This research uses case studies that occurred in Indonesia, the discussion is carried out using a utilitarian and deontological approach that has never been discussed regarding the Jiwasraya case before.

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