scholarly journals Spent Graphite from End-of-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) as a Promising Nanoadditive to Boost Road Pavement Performance

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7908
Author(s):  
Nader Nciri ◽  
Namho Kim ◽  
Namjun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Ft Ir

To take swift action towards tackling the global pollution crisis of discarded lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) while reinforcing road structures, this investigation was undertaken. The influence of various proportions of spent graphite (e.g., 5, 10, and 15 wt.% SG), harvested from end-of-life LIBs, on the performance of base AP-5 asphalt cement was studied. Multiple laboratory techniques have been employed to characterize the internal physiochemical interaction between the additive and the binder. These techniques include: elemental analysis (EA), thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detection (TLC-FID), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), empirical test methods (e.g., penetration, softening point, viscosity, and ductility), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and multiple stress-creep recovery (MSCR). Prior to aging, SARA analysis demonstrated that the incremental SG addition into the AP-5 bitumen reduced the contents of saturates, aromatics, and resins, and increased the proportion of asphaltenes. After aging, the saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons kept decreasing; however, the resins increased and the asphaltenes declined. Accordingly, this has brought a progressive shift tendency in the stable–colloidal system for all binders from sol-state towards sol-gel-state. FT-IR scan revealed that the SG has no apparent chemical interaction with the binder, and is endowed solely with filling effects. XRD diagnosis highlighted that the steady SG incorporation into the binder amplified its crystallinity; thereby boosting the thermomechanical properties of mastics. SEM imaging unveiled that the lower-dose of SG exhibited higher compatibility within the bitumen matrix; nevertheless, the intermediate/higher-doses made the binder body relatively rougher. DSR/MSCR/conventional tests indicated that when the asphalt is blended with the graphitic powder under unaged/aged conditions, it becomes stiffer, more viscous, and less cohesive; thereby rendering it more resistant to deformation but not to cracking. In summary, it is promisingly proven that the SG could be successfully used as an asphalt additive and could be beneficial for improving paving performance and mitigating the pollution caused by dead LIBs as well.

scholarly journals Structural and conductivity studies of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Murali ◽  
K. Vijaya babu ◽  
K. Ephraim babu ◽  
V. Veeraiah
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Negative Temperature ◽  
Debye Relaxation ◽  
High Discharge Capacity ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractLayered oxide LiMO2 (Ni, Co, Mn) have been proposed as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Mainly LiNiO2 is accepted as an attractive cathode material because of its various advantages such as low cost, high discharge capacity, good reversibility. The LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 powders are synthesized by a sol-gel method using citric acid as a chelating agent. The structure of the synthesized material is analyzed by using XRD, FT-IR and the microstructures of the samples are observed by using FESEM. The intensities and positions of the peaks are in a good agreement with the previous results. The morphological changes are clearly observed as a result of manganese substitution. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra obtained with KBr pellet data reveal the structure of the oxide lattice constituted by LiO6 and NiO6 octahedra. The conductivity studies are characterized by (EIS) in the frequency range of 42 Hz to 1 MHz at room temperature to 120 °C. The dielectric properties are analyzed in the framework of complex dielectric permittivity and complex electric modulus formalisms. It indicates that the conductivity increases with increasing temperature. The fitting data of EIS plots replicate the non-Debye relaxation process with negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior.

scholarly journals Parameter optimization and yield prediction of cathode coating separation process for direct recycling of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (39) ◽  
pp. 24132-24136
Author(s):  
Liurui Li ◽  
Tairan Yang ◽  
Zheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Pre Treatment

The pre-treatment efficiency of the direct recycling strategy in recovering end-of-life Li-ion batteries is predicted with levels of control factors.

scholarly journals V2O3/C composite fabricated by carboxylic acid-assisted sol–gel synthesis as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Zakharova ◽  
E. Thauer ◽  
A. N. Enyashin ◽  
L. F. Deeg ◽  
Q. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Battery Electrode ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

AbstractThe potential battery electrode material V2O3/C has been prepared using a sol–gel thermolysis technique, employing vanadyl hydroxide as precursor and different organic acids as both chelating agents and carbon sources. Composition and morphology of resultant materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, physical sorption, and elemental analysis. Stability and electronic properties of model composites with chemically and physically integrated carbon were studied by means of quantum-chemical calculations. All fabricated composites are hierarchically structured and consist of carbon-covered microparticles assembled of polyhedral V2O3 nanograins with intrusions of amorphous carbon at the grain boundaries. Such V2O3/C phase separation is thermodynamically favored while formation of vanadium (oxy)carbides or heavily doped V2O3 is highly unlikely. When used as anode for lithium-ion batteries, the nanocomposite V2O3/C fabricated with citric acid exhibits superior electrochemical performance with an excellent cycle stability and a specific charge capacity of 335 mAh g−1 in cycle 95 at 100 mA g−1. We also find that the used carbon source has only minor effects on the materials’ electrochemical performance.

Nano MgFe2O4 synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion method as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Yin ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Xiaoting Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Xu ◽  
Shuting Yang
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Auto Combustion

Sol–gel derived Li–La–Zr–O thin films as solid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (33) ◽  
pp. 13277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru-Jun Chen ◽  
Mian Huang ◽  
Wen-Ze Huang ◽  
Yang Shen ◽  
Yuan-Hua Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lithium Ion

Investigation on Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 for Lithium Ion Batteries

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 455-458
Author(s):  
Xiu Juan Shi ◽  
Yong Ping Zheng ◽  
Fei Yu Kang ◽  
Xin Lu Li ◽  
Wan Ci Shen
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Material ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Xps Analysis ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviors ◽  
Charge Discharge

Cathode material Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 for lithium-ion batteries with layered hexagonal structure was successfully synthesized in sol-gel way. The influences of calcination temperature (from 700° to 1000°C) on the structure and electrochemical behaviors of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 were extensively investigated. The results of XRD show that all samples are isostructural with α-NaFeO2 with a space group R-3m. XPS analysis shows that the oxidation states of Co and Mn were Co3+ and Mn4+ respectively, while Ni exists as Ni2+ and Ni3+. The charge-discharge experiments show that the sample calcined at 850°C delivers 194.8mAh/g in the first cycle at C/5 rate in 2.5-4.3V potential range.

NANOSTRUCTURED SnO2/C COMPOSITE ANODES IN LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES

2003 ◽  
Vol 02 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIEN-TE HSIEH ◽  
JIN-MING CHEN ◽  
HSIU-WEN HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Cyclic Voltammograms ◽  
Composite Anodes ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

Nanostructured SnO 2/ C composites used as anode materials were prepared by sol–gel synthesis to explore electrochemical properties in lithium-ion batteries. Surface characteristics of the SnO 2/ C nanocomposite were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that nanocrystalline SnO 2/ C with a grain size of 20–50 nm was uniformly dispersed on the carbon surface. After nanocrytalline SnO 2 coated onto carbon, the discharge capacity showed an increase up to 23%, i.e., from 300 to 370 mAh/g at a current density of 0.6 mA/cm2. The nanocomposite anode can achieve a fairly stable discharge capacity and excellent Coulombic efficiency (>99.5%) over 50 cycles. Cyclic voltammograms indicated that the improvements on capacity and cycleability were due to reversible alloying of nanosized Sn and Li on carbon surface.

Enhanced high rate performance of Li[Li0.17Ni0.2Co0.05Mn0.58−xAlx]O2−0.5x cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (61) ◽  
pp. 49651-49656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. Wang ◽  
X. Huang ◽  
F. Li ◽  
J. S. Cao ◽  
S. H. Ye
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Material ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
High Rate Performance

Pristine LNCM and LNCMA as Li-rich cathode materials for lithium ion batteries were synthesized via a sol–gel route. The Al-substituted LNCM sample exhibits an enhanced high rate performance and superior cyclability.

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