scholarly journals Role of Graphic Integer Sequence in the Determination of Graph Integrity

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debajit Sensarma ◽  
Samar Sen Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Complex Networks ◽  
Vertex Connectivity ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Integer Sequence ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Given

Networks have an important role in our daily lives. The effectiveness of the network decreases with the breaking down of some vertices or links. Therefore, a less vulnerable communication network is required for greater stability. Vulnerability is the measure of resistance of the network after failure of communication links. In this article, a graph has been taken for modeling a network and integrity as a measure of vulnerability. The approach is to estimate the integrity or upper bound of integrity of at least one connected graph or network constructed from the given graphic integer sequence. Experiments have been done with random graphs, complex networks and also a comparison between two parameters, namely the vertex connectivity and graph integrity as a measure of the network vulnerability have been carried out by removing vertices randomly from various complex networks. A comparison with the existing method shows that the algorithm proposed in this article provides a much better integrity measurement.

FORMALIZATION, PRIMITIVE CONCEPTS, AND PURITY

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN T. BALDWIN
Keyword(s):  
Model Theory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Embedding Theorem ◽  
Explicit Definition ◽  
The Given ◽  
Spatial Content

AbstractWe emphasize the role of the choice of vocabulary in formalization of a mathematical area and remark that this is a particular preoccupation of logicians. We use this framework to discuss Kennedy’s notion of ‘formalism freeness’ in the context of various schools in model theory. Then we clarify some of the mathematical issues in recent discussions of purity in the proof of the Desargues proposition. We note that the conclusion of ‘spatial content’ from the Desargues proposition involves arguments which are algebraic and even metamathematical. Hilbert showed that the Desargues proposition implies the coordinatizing ring is associative, which in turn implies the existence of a three-dimensional geometry in which the given plane can be embedded. With W. Howard we give a new proof, removing Hilbert’s ‘detour’ through algebra, of the ‘geometric’ embedding theorem.Finally, our investigation of purity leads to the conclusion that even the introduction of explicit definitions in a proof can violate purity. We argue that although both involve explicit definition, our proof of the embedding theorem is pure while Hilbert’s is not. Thus the determination of whether an argument is pure turns on the content of the particular proof. Moreover, formalizing the situation does not provide a tool for characterizing purity.

Filament Fragmentation Phenomena

1989 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Figueroa ◽  
Linda S. Schadler ◽  
Campbell Laird
Keyword(s):  
Strain Energy ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe effect of fiber surface treatments on the relationship between the tensile strength of a filament and the shear strength of its interphase is one of the central issues facing composite materials technologists today. We demonstrate here that analysis of fragmentation phenomena in monofilament composites can simultaneously yield information about these two parameters. Characterization of shear stress transfer zones in non-critical fragments has led us to the determination of interphase strength.A phenomenological treatment that highlights the role of the matrix in the fragmentation process is presented here. This analysis considers issues such as the strain energy exchange between a failing fiber and the matrix, as well as interphase relaxation due to the viscoelastic nature of the matrix. Our observations of the fragmentation phenomena in AU4/polycarbonate monofilament composites indicate that the fiber/matrix interaction in this system is governed by micromechanical locking.

scholarly journals A template-based approach to the modification of binding properties of globular proteins II: Rationale and proposed approach.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imadol V Jeff-Eke
Keyword(s):  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
Probability Bias ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

We present a rationale and proposed approach to the modification and development of bind sites using their respective cognate ligands as template. This is in support of a plausible “instructive” role for the ligand and therefore its involvement in determination of the structure and properties of bind sites. We emphasize the relationship between substrate and active site as an example of the relationship between ligand and bind sites, respectively. This is based on the assumption that there are shared features between all ligand:bind site complexes. Therefore, principles that apply to a specific complex can be applied, in general, to other protein-based complexes. We define ligand-associated probability bias as the difference between the probability of finding activity-determining conformations (ADCs) in the presence- and absence of ligands. For cognate ligands, the given bias is in favor of these ADCs. Thus, bind sites are more likely to assume ADCs when their cognate ligands are present. We relate such probability bias to structural reorganization, disorganization, and preorganization events. We then propose a means of deriving an [apparent] preorganized bind site structure by way of reorganization events that occur with cognate ligand. Finally, we propose a means of deriving an [actual] preorganized bind site structure by way of reorganization events that occur with cognate ligand, albeit during the folding process. The assumption is that the role of the ligand in derivation of such [actual] preorganized bind site structures is an instructive role, and is in support of the Haurowitz-Pauling hypothesis.

scholarly journals A template-based approach to the modification of binding properties of globular proteins II: Rationale and proposed approach.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imadol V Jeff-Eke
Keyword(s):  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
Probability Bias ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

We present a rationale and proposed approach to the modification and development of bind sites using their respective cognate ligands as template. This is in support of a plausible “instructive” role for the ligand and therefore its involvement in determination of the structure and properties of bind sites. We emphasize the relationship between substrate and active site as an example of the relationship between ligand and bind sites, respectively. This is based on the assumption that there are shared features between all ligand:bind site complexes. Therefore, principles that apply to a specific complex can be applied, in general, to other protein-based complexes. We define ligand-associated probability bias as the difference between the probability of finding activity-determining conformations (ADCs) in the presence- and absence of ligands. For cognate ligands, the given bias is in favor of these ADCs. Thus, bind sites are more likely to assume ADCs when their cognate ligands are present. We relate such probability bias to structural reorganization, disorganization, and preorganization events. We then propose a means of deriving an [apparent] preorganized bind site structure by way of reorganization events that occur with cognate ligand. Finally, we propose a means of deriving an [actual] preorganized bind site structure by way of reorganization events that occur with cognate ligand, albeit during the folding process. The assumption is that the role of the ligand in derivation of such [actual] preorganized bind site structures is an instructive role, and is in support of the Haurowitz-Pauling hypothesis.

scholarly journals A template-based approach to the modification of binding properties of globular proteins II: Rationale and proposed approach.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imadol V Jeff-Eke
Keyword(s):  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
Probability Bias ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

We present a rationale and proposed approach to the modification and development of bind sites using their respective cognate ligands as template. This is in support of a plausible “instructive” role for the ligand and therefore its involvement in determination of the structure and properties of bind sites. We emphasize the relationship between substrate and active site as an example of the relationship between ligand and bind sites, respectively. This is based on the assumption that there are shared features between all ligand:bind site complexes. Therefore, principles that apply to a specific complex can be applied, in general, to other protein-based complexes. We define ligand-associated probability bias as the difference between the probability of finding activity-determining conformations (ADCs) in the presence- and absence of ligands. For cognate ligands, the given bias is in favor of these ADCs. Thus, bind sites are more likely to assume ADCs when their cognate ligands are present. We relate such probability bias to structural reorganization, disorganization, and preorganization events. We then propose a means of deriving an [apparent] preorganized bind site structure by way of reorganization events that occur with cognate ligand. Finally, we propose a means of deriving an [actual] preorganized bind site structure by way of reorganization events that occur with cognate ligand, albeit during the folding process. The assumption is that the role of the ligand in derivation of such [actual] preorganized bind site structures is an instructive role, and is in support of the Haurowitz-Pauling hypothesis.

scholarly journals Objective Laws of Phenomenon of Metaphorization in Discourse

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Aysel Safarova
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Discourse Relations ◽  
Concise Information ◽  
The Given ◽  
Descriptive Method

The article consists of an introduction, method of investigation, discussion on text and discourse and determination of metaphorezation, description of metaphors, place of metaphorization in literary and linguistic study, text and discourse relations, study of metaphorezation, of a conclusion and reference, each of which has found its scientific and empiric substantiation.In the introduction the significance of the investigation from the view of comparative-contrastive method is noted, the study of the text theory and discourse, investigation of different linguistic elements used in the texts and discourses in different (English and Azerbaijani) languages are put forth as the aim of the investigation. In the introduction concise information on the study of discourse and text problems is given.In the part, dealing with method of investigation it is spoken of the usage of typological comparative-contrastive-descriptive method of investigation which is determined as the method of investigation.In the part of the article dealing with Discussion on text and Discourse and Determination of Metaphorization, different types of discourses, the role of metaphorization in these discourses and texts are touched upon. In this part discussion of theoretical concepts on metaphor and metaphorization find their reflections.In the part, speaking of the place of Metaphorization in literary and linguistic study it is pointed out that metaphorization is mainly a literary mechanism and for this reason its manifestation in literature is considered, the theory of metaphorezation is discussed.The subtitle, dealing with Text and Discourse Relations, Study of Metaphoriration, touches upon the determination of relations between text and discourse, their roles in speech and narrations, their mutual influence on each other, on the metaphorization and its functions, discussion on the theoretical view points of the scholars on these problems, manifestation of metaphors in literary texts and discourses. Extracts from both English and Azerbaijani literary pieces are introduced to illustrate the given theses.In the conclusion all the above—mentioned issues are summarized in the concise from.

scholarly journals O wyzwaniach i zadaniach pamięcioznawstwa lingwistycznego

LingVaria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Chlebda
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Ethnic Language ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Mental Constructs ◽  
The Given

On the Challenges and Tasks of Linguistic Memory Research The paper summarizes the first stage of development of a new subfield of linguistics known as linguistic memory research, and poses three questions which are important for its further development: what are the mutual relations and tangents between language and memory (both individual and collective), what are the mutual relations between linguistic memory research and the related field of cognitive ethnolinguistics (as well as such disciplines in humanities as historiography and theoretical archaeology), and lastly, in what areas can linguistic memory research and ethnolinguistics support each other most effectively. A greater part of the paper is devoted to a brief overview of the ten problem areas in memory research, and a presentation of specific tasks posed before linguists by questions concentrated in those areas: from the determination of the role of memory in the processes of lexicalization and phraseologization, through the classification of verbal (phonic, lexical, phraseological, syntactic, genre-related, etc.) exponents of memory, and the determination of their role in the learning of aspects of individual and collective memory, up to an analysis of the role of the given ethnic language in the building of large mental constructs interepreting the reality, such as collective memory, linguistic image of the world, and community knowledge.

scholarly journals The Importance of movement and healthy living in young people

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Marius Vaida
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young People ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Main Method

The study I have carried out aimed mainly the determination of the level of the motion perception and its benefits, but also the understanding of the manner in which leisure time is spent and the raise of awareness regarding the importance of healthy eating in daily lives. The research was carried out on a sample of 50 young people (boys and girls) aged between 19 and 30. The main method of research used was the investigation, which was based on an anonymous standardized questionnaire with 8 questions. The study shows that the main effect young people have perceived for having a sports activity is the development of physical condition followed by tackling of the excessive weight and also the maintenance of an optimal muscle tone, as well as the education of the positive characteristics of the personality and the extension of the skills and motor skills sphere to an equal but small value. They also confirmed that sports accompanied by friends or colleagues are preferred for leisure time, food also being perceived as very important or important in a majoritarian percentage, meaning that the younger generation is aware of the important role of nutrition in maintaining health. Unfortunately, however, it is clear that there is no regular physical activity in those surveyed, with the results of those who are adherents of regular physical activity slightly below the results of those who do not practice regular forms of activity.

A Molecular Approach to Immunoscintigraphy: A Study of the T-Antigen Conformation on the Surface of Tumors

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvaraj ◽  
M. R. Suresh ◽  
G. McLean ◽  
D. Willans ◽  
C. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Human Carcinomas ◽  
Animal Tumor ◽  
Synthetic Antigens

The role of glycoconjugates in tumor cell differentiation has been well documented. We have examined the expression of the two anomers of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on the surface of human, canine and murine tumor cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo. This has been accomplished through the synthesis of the disaccharide terminal residues in both a and ß configuration. Both entities were used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies which recognized the carbohydrate determinants. The determination of fine specificities of these antibodies was effected by means of cellular uptake, immunohistopathology and immunoscintigraphy. Examination of pathological specimens of human and canine tumor tissue indicated that the expressed antigen was in the β configuration. More than 89% of all human carcinomas tested expressed the antigen in the above anomeric form. The combination of synthetic antigens and monoclonal antibodies raised specifically against them provide us with invaluable tools for the study of tumor marker expression in humans and their respective animal tumor models.

On The Mechanism Of Heparin-Induced Potentiation Of Platelet Aggregation

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yamamoto ◽  
K Watanabe ◽  
Y Ando ◽  
H Iri ◽  
N Fujiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Marked Enhancement ◽  
Matrix Bound ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets ◽  
Plasma Heparin

It has been suggested that heparin caused potentiation of aggregation induced by ADP or epinephrine. The exact mechanism of heparin-induced platelet activation, however, remained unknown. In this paper, we have investigated the role of anti-thrombin III ( AT ) in heparin-induced platelet activation using purified AT and AT depleted plasma. When ADP or epinephrine was added to citrated PRP one minute after addition of heparin ( 1 u/ml, porcine intestinal mucosal heparin, Sigma Co. USA ), marked enhancement of platelet aggregation was observed, compared with the degree of aggregation in the absence of heparin. However, in platelet suspensions prepared in modified Tyrode’s solution, heparin exhibited no potentiating effect on platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine or ADP. Potentiation of epinephrine- or ADP-induced platelet aggregation by heparin was demonstrated when purified AT was added to platelet suspensions at a concentration of 20 μg/ml. AT depleted plasma, which was prepared by immunosorption using matrix-bound antibodies to AT, retained no AT, while determination of α1-antitrypsinα2- macroglobulin and fibrinogen in AT depleted plasma produced values which corresponded to those of the original plasma when dilution factor was taken into account. The activities of coagulation factors were also comparable to those of the original plasma. Heparin exhibited potentiating effect on ADP- or epinephrine-induced aggregation of platelets in original plasma, but no effect in AT depleted plasma. When purified AT was added back to AT depleted plasma at a concentration of 20 μg/ml, potentiation of platelet aggregation by heparin was clearly demonstrated.Our results suggest that effect of heparin on platelet aggregation is also mediated by anti-thrombin III.

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