scholarly journals Objective Laws of Phenomenon of Metaphorization in Discourse

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Aysel Safarova
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Discourse Relations ◽  
Concise Information ◽  
The Given ◽  
Descriptive Method

The article consists of an introduction, method of investigation, discussion on text and discourse and determination of metaphorezation, description of metaphors, place of metaphorization in literary and linguistic study, text and discourse relations, study of metaphorezation, of a conclusion and reference, each of which has found its scientific and empiric substantiation.In the introduction the significance of the investigation from the view of comparative-contrastive method is noted, the study of the text theory and discourse, investigation of different linguistic elements used in the texts and discourses in different (English and Azerbaijani) languages are put forth as the aim of the investigation. In the introduction concise information on the study of discourse and text problems is given.In the part, dealing with method of investigation it is spoken of the usage of typological comparative-contrastive-descriptive method of investigation which is determined as the method of investigation.In the part of the article dealing with Discussion on text and Discourse and Determination of Metaphorization, different types of discourses, the role of metaphorization in these discourses and texts are touched upon. In this part discussion of theoretical concepts on metaphor and metaphorization find their reflections.In the part, speaking of the place of Metaphorization in literary and linguistic study it is pointed out that metaphorization is mainly a literary mechanism and for this reason its manifestation in literature is considered, the theory of metaphorezation is discussed.The subtitle, dealing with Text and Discourse Relations, Study of Metaphoriration, touches upon the determination of relations between text and discourse, their roles in speech and narrations, their mutual influence on each other, on the metaphorization and its functions, discussion on the theoretical view points of the scholars on these problems, manifestation of metaphors in literary texts and discourses. Extracts from both English and Azerbaijani literary pieces are introduced to illustrate the given theses.In the conclusion all the above—mentioned issues are summarized in the concise from.

FORMALIZATION, PRIMITIVE CONCEPTS, AND PURITY

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN T. BALDWIN
Keyword(s):  
Model Theory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Embedding Theorem ◽  
Explicit Definition ◽  
The Given ◽  
Spatial Content

AbstractWe emphasize the role of the choice of vocabulary in formalization of a mathematical area and remark that this is a particular preoccupation of logicians. We use this framework to discuss Kennedy’s notion of ‘formalism freeness’ in the context of various schools in model theory. Then we clarify some of the mathematical issues in recent discussions of purity in the proof of the Desargues proposition. We note that the conclusion of ‘spatial content’ from the Desargues proposition involves arguments which are algebraic and even metamathematical. Hilbert showed that the Desargues proposition implies the coordinatizing ring is associative, which in turn implies the existence of a three-dimensional geometry in which the given plane can be embedded. With W. Howard we give a new proof, removing Hilbert’s ‘detour’ through algebra, of the ‘geometric’ embedding theorem.Finally, our investigation of purity leads to the conclusion that even the introduction of explicit definitions in a proof can violate purity. We argue that although both involve explicit definition, our proof of the embedding theorem is pure while Hilbert’s is not. Thus the determination of whether an argument is pure turns on the content of the particular proof. Moreover, formalizing the situation does not provide a tool for characterizing purity.

scholarly journals A template-based approach to the modification of binding properties of globular proteins II: Rationale and proposed approach.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imadol V Jeff-Eke
Keyword(s):  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
Probability Bias ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

We present a rationale and proposed approach to the modification and development of bind sites using their respective cognate ligands as template. This is in support of a plausible “instructive” role for the ligand and therefore its involvement in determination of the structure and properties of bind sites. We emphasize the relationship between substrate and active site as an example of the relationship between ligand and bind sites, respectively. This is based on the assumption that there are shared features between all ligand:bind site complexes. Therefore, principles that apply to a specific complex can be applied, in general, to other protein-based complexes. We define ligand-associated probability bias as the difference between the probability of finding activity-determining conformations (ADCs) in the presence- and absence of ligands. For cognate ligands, the given bias is in favor of these ADCs. Thus, bind sites are more likely to assume ADCs when their cognate ligands are present. We relate such probability bias to structural reorganization, disorganization, and preorganization events. We then propose a means of deriving an [apparent] preorganized bind site structure by way of reorganization events that occur with cognate ligand. Finally, we propose a means of deriving an [actual] preorganized bind site structure by way of reorganization events that occur with cognate ligand, albeit during the folding process. The assumption is that the role of the ligand in derivation of such [actual] preorganized bind site structures is an instructive role, and is in support of the Haurowitz-Pauling hypothesis.

scholarly journals A template-based approach to the modification of binding properties of globular proteins II: Rationale and proposed approach.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imadol V Jeff-Eke
Keyword(s):  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
Probability Bias ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

We present a rationale and proposed approach to the modification and development of bind sites using their respective cognate ligands as template. This is in support of a plausible “instructive” role for the ligand and therefore its involvement in determination of the structure and properties of bind sites. We emphasize the relationship between substrate and active site as an example of the relationship between ligand and bind sites, respectively. This is based on the assumption that there are shared features between all ligand:bind site complexes. Therefore, principles that apply to a specific complex can be applied, in general, to other protein-based complexes. We define ligand-associated probability bias as the difference between the probability of finding activity-determining conformations (ADCs) in the presence- and absence of ligands. For cognate ligands, the given bias is in favor of these ADCs. Thus, bind sites are more likely to assume ADCs when their cognate ligands are present. We relate such probability bias to structural reorganization, disorganization, and preorganization events. We then propose a means of deriving an [apparent] preorganized bind site structure by way of reorganization events that occur with cognate ligand. Finally, we propose a means of deriving an [actual] preorganized bind site structure by way of reorganization events that occur with cognate ligand, albeit during the folding process. The assumption is that the role of the ligand in derivation of such [actual] preorganized bind site structures is an instructive role, and is in support of the Haurowitz-Pauling hypothesis.

scholarly journals Strategi Pelayanan Prima Kelompok Bimbingan Ibadah Haji terhadap Calon Jamaah dalam Meningkatkan Bimbingan Kualitas Ibadah Haji

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-274
Author(s):  
Pusti Lestari ◽  
Dadang Kuswana ◽  
Yuliani Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Excellent Service ◽  
Descriptive Method

Tujuan penelitian mengungkapkan konsep pelayanan prima, rancangan pemberian pelayanan, dan bentuk pelayanan KBIH Maqdis terhadap jamaah dalam meningkatkan kualitas bimbingan ibadah haji. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun langkah-langkah penelitian yang ditempuh; penentuan lokasi penelitian, pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, studi kepustakaan,  dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa konsep pelayanan prima KBIH Maqdis dalam meningkatkan kualitas bimbingan ibadah haji dilihat dari konsep pelayanan prima yang diterapkan KBIH Maqdis meliputi: kemampuan, sikap, penampilan, perhatian, tindakan dan tanggungjawab. Kemudian rancangan pemberian pelayanan prima KBIH Maqdis diantaranya: regulasi layanan, fasilitas layanan, peranan tim pengarah dan budaya pemberian pelayanan. Selain itu bentuk layanan KBIH Maqdis terhadap jamaah dalam meningkatkan kualitas bimbingan ibadah haji diantaranya KBIH Maqdis menyediakan pembimbing haji yang profesional dan materi bimbingan ibadah haji. The purpose of this study is to determine the concept of excellent service, the design of service delivery, and the form of KBIH Maqdis service to the congregation in improving the quality of pilgrimage guidance. The method used in this research is descriptive method with qualitative approach. The research steps taken; determination of research location, data collection by using observation technique, interview, literature study, further documentation of data analysis by means of data reduction, data classification and drawing conclusion. From the result of the research, it is concluded that the concept of excellent service of KBIH Maqdis in improving the quality of Hajj guidance from the concept of excellent service applied by KBIH Maqdis include: ability, attitude, appearance, attention, action and responsibility. Then the design of service delivery prime KBIH Maqdis include: service regulation, service facility, role of steering team and culture of service delivery. In addition, the form of KBIH Maqdis service to pilgrims in improving the quality of haj pilgrimage services such as KBIH Maqdis provides professional hajj guide and pilgrimage guidance material.

scholarly journals Role of Graphic Integer Sequence in the Determination of Graph Integrity

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debajit Sensarma ◽  
Samar Sen Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Complex Networks ◽  
Vertex Connectivity ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Integer Sequence ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Given

Networks have an important role in our daily lives. The effectiveness of the network decreases with the breaking down of some vertices or links. Therefore, a less vulnerable communication network is required for greater stability. Vulnerability is the measure of resistance of the network after failure of communication links. In this article, a graph has been taken for modeling a network and integrity as a measure of vulnerability. The approach is to estimate the integrity or upper bound of integrity of at least one connected graph or network constructed from the given graphic integer sequence. Experiments have been done with random graphs, complex networks and also a comparison between two parameters, namely the vertex connectivity and graph integrity as a measure of the network vulnerability have been carried out by removing vertices randomly from various complex networks. A comparison with the existing method shows that the algorithm proposed in this article provides a much better integrity measurement.

scholarly journals A template-based approach to the modification of binding properties of globular proteins II: Rationale and proposed approach.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imadol V Jeff-Eke
Keyword(s):  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
Probability Bias ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

We present a rationale and proposed approach to the modification and development of bind sites using their respective cognate ligands as template. This is in support of a plausible “instructive” role for the ligand and therefore its involvement in determination of the structure and properties of bind sites. We emphasize the relationship between substrate and active site as an example of the relationship between ligand and bind sites, respectively. This is based on the assumption that there are shared features between all ligand:bind site complexes. Therefore, principles that apply to a specific complex can be applied, in general, to other protein-based complexes. We define ligand-associated probability bias as the difference between the probability of finding activity-determining conformations (ADCs) in the presence- and absence of ligands. For cognate ligands, the given bias is in favor of these ADCs. Thus, bind sites are more likely to assume ADCs when their cognate ligands are present. We relate such probability bias to structural reorganization, disorganization, and preorganization events. We then propose a means of deriving an [apparent] preorganized bind site structure by way of reorganization events that occur with cognate ligand. Finally, we propose a means of deriving an [actual] preorganized bind site structure by way of reorganization events that occur with cognate ligand, albeit during the folding process. The assumption is that the role of the ligand in derivation of such [actual] preorganized bind site structures is an instructive role, and is in support of the Haurowitz-Pauling hypothesis.

scholarly journals Peran penyuluh pertanian lapangan (PPL) dalam kegiatan kelompok tani di kecamatan gerung kabupaten Lombok barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Misah Nasrah
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Group Activities ◽  
Respondent Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Method

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to (1) know the role of agricultural extension officer filed in farmers group activities (2) know the constraints facing the agricultural filed extension officer in the activities of the farmers group ad west Lombok Regency. This research uses descriptive method. The unit of analysis in this researh are farmers and extension officer who buid the farmers group. Location of reaserch set by purposive sampling. Determination of the respondent’s purposive sampling basis determined for respondent extension officr and administrators group, to mamber of the group specified in quota sampling as much as 3 people from each group. The election of the respondent group members determined in random samling. Data analysis in this study uses the skoring. The reasuld showed (1) agricurtule filed extension officer play a role in the activities of the group of farmres with a combined score of 67, mode fore a role as a facilitator obtained score of 28, to motivator retrieved score of 27 and fore the role of organizer of the obtained score of 12, (2) lack of capital, low resource farmers and agricultural extension officer work areas of the filed.Keywords: agricultural extension filed, activities, role

scholarly journals The images of gemstones in the lyrics of Âşık Ömer

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Urie Refatovna Kadyrova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Descriptive Method

The subject of this research is the peculiarities of representation of the images of gemstones in lyrics of the prominent poet of the XVII century – Âşık Ömer. The object of this research is his lyrics. The depth and diversity of Âşık Ömer’s poetic system makes his work especially relevant at present. The goal this article consists in the analysis of images pf gemstones, and determination of their role in the lyrics of Âşık Ömer. The images of gemstones and noble metals in his poetry are analyzed in three descriptive aspects: external description of beauty of the beloved; description of suffering of the love mate; description of cruelty of the beloved and pain of the love mate. The research methodology is based on the hermeneutical-interpretational, descriptive method and semiotic analysis of the texts. The relevance is defined by frequency, important semantic charge, and special artistic role of the images of gemstones in the poetry of Âşık Ömer, as well as the need for their consideration and analysis. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this article is first to carry out the analysis of gemstone images in the lyrics of Âşık Ömer. It was revealed that gemstones and noble metals are more often used for describing the beauty of the beloved, her specialty and sublimity (values). In the image of the love mate, they symbolize pain and suffering. The poet may use the same stone or metal in describing both images, but it conveys a different meaning in each case. Such expressive means are an important component of the poet's lyrics, as they imply multiple meanings.

scholarly journals Semantic contrast and inequality in the vocative position (based on English fiction)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Iryna Tryshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Referential Use ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Given

This paper aims at analysis of stylistic devices based on semantic contrast and inequality actualized in the vocative position. The subject of the study is functioning of the given vocatives in literary texts. The author used methods of semantic, contextual analysis and elements of pragmatic analysis. The results of the study. Ironic forms of address were firstly analysed among contrastive vocatives. They often include evaluative component of connotation. Depending on the context this component of connotation may change its meaning from negative to positive and vice versa. Cases of non-referential use of address forms for creating ironic meaning are also discussed. During the analysis of address forms based on oxymoron certain postulates of M. V. Nikitin's theory of semantic combinatorics are used. The findings indicate that contradictory relations may exist not only inside a vocative syntagm, but also between the vocative and the rest of the utterance. In addition to that, semantic and stylistic types of such contradictoriness are characterized. Moreover, types of gradation and frequency of their actualization in the vocative position are analyzed. Besides that, variants of gradation components positioning in the text are revealed. The role of authorial text in the adequate interpretation of emotional and evaluative address forms — components of gradation — is defined. The usage of all of the above mentioned stylistic devices in the vocative position is combined with the evaluative component of connotation, highlighting positive or negative attitude of the speaker to the addressee and certain reaction of the speaker to the concrete communicative situation, addressee's words or behaviour. Further study of address forms may be promising in their interrelation with other means expressing the category of speech addressability, in revealing their genre specificity and characteristic features of other stylistic devices actualization in the vocative position.

scholarly journals RESEPSI SASTRA MAHASISWA TERHADAP PUISI ANTIKORUPSI DALAM ANTOLOGI PUISI MENOLAK KORUPSI 6

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Andi Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Target Audience ◽  
Literary Movement ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Literary Reception

Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan tentang resepsi sastra mahasiswa terhadap puisi antikorupsi yang dimuat di dalam Antologi Puisi Menolak Korupsi 6: Membedah Korupsi Kepala Daerah. Prosedur penelitian yang digunakan untuk melihat aspek resepsi estetik ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan resepsi sastra secara eksperimental. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan diperoleh hasil bahwa resepsi sastra mahasiswa terhadap puisi antikorupsi yang dimuat di dalam buku antologi puisi tersebut secara garis besar sudah sesuai dengan maksud penulisan dan penerbitannya. Adapun tolok ukur kesesuaian resepsi estetis tersebut dilihat dari aspek pemahamannya, kelayakan karya yang dimuat sebagai puisi yang baik, sikap responden terhadap ide-ide yang disampaikan dalam puisi, penentuan sasaran pembacanya, serta peran antologi puisi dan gerakan sastrawan menolak korupsi terhadap pemberantasan korupsi.Kata Kunci: resepsi sastra, mahasiswa, puisi, antikorupsiAbstractThe purpose of this article is to describe and explain about the literary reception of students about anticorruption poems contained in Antologi Puisi Menolak Korupsi 6: Membedah Korupsi Kepala Daerah. The research procedure used to look at this aesthetic reception aspect is a qualitative descriptive method. The approach used in this study is an experimental reception approach. Based on the analysis that has been done, the results are obtained that the students' literary reception on anticorruption poems contained in the poetry anthology book is broadly following the purpose of their writing and publication. The aesthetical appropriateness benchmarks are seen from the aspect of understanding, the appropriateness of works published as good poetry, the respondent's attitude to the ideas expressed in poetry, the determination of the target audience, and the anthology role of poetry and the literary movement against corruption.Keywords: literary reception, students, poetry, anti-corruption

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