scholarly journals Joint Pricing and Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items with Maximum Lifetime and Controllable Carbon Emissions under Permissible Delay in Payments

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Arash Sepehri ◽  
Umakanta Mishra ◽  
Ming-Lang Tseng ◽  
Biswajit Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Inventory Systems ◽  
Deteriorating Items ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Perishable Items ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Replenishment Cycle ◽  
The Impact

Reducing carbon emissions plays a significant role in developing sustainable inventory systems. In a seller-buyer relationship, an allowable delay in payment is considered for the buyer to manage the stock and simulate the demand. Deteriorating items that usually have specific maximum lifetimes have become a challenge for most firms. Contrary to the importance of these issues, very little research has studied the impact of carbon emissions on deteriorating inventory systems. This paper provides a price-dependent demand for perishable items when carbon cap-and-trade regulation fills the mentioned gap. This model provides a carbon reduction investment scheme and illustrates this investment’s effect on the inventory system. This paper determines the optimal replenishment cycle and selling price, in which: (a) perishable items have specific maximum lifetimes, (b) a specific period of delay in payment is allowed for the buyer to accumulate revenue, (c) carbon is emitted due to ordering and storage operations and carbon cap and trade is regulated along with allowable carbon reduction investment. After developing the model, optimal values are obtained from necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality. Numerical experiments are proposed to validate the model. By developing an algorithm, the optimal values of replenishment cycle, selling price, and carbon reduction technology investment are obtained, and the impact of carbon emissions and efforts to control emissions are outlined. Finally, some managerial applications are mentioned, and future research directions are exposed.

Pricing and Replenishment Policies for Imperfect Quality Deteriorating Items Under Inflation and Permissible Delay in Payments

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra K. Jaggi ◽  
Satish K. Goel ◽  
Mandeep Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Deteriorating Items ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Permissible Delay In Payments ◽  
Demand Rate ◽  
Delay In Payments ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Usually it is assumed that all items in a lot are of good quality, but in reality this assumption may not always be pertinent. Thus, the inspection of lots becomes essential in almost all organizations. Moreover, its role becomes more vital when the items are deteriorating in nature. Owing to this fact, this paper investigates the impact of initial inspection on retailer’s pricing and ordering policy for deteriorating items under inflation and permissible delay in payments using discounted cash flow approach over a finite planning horizon. Demand rate is assumed to be a function of selling price. The proposed model jointly optimizes the number of replenishments and price by maximizing the retailer’s total profit. Results have been demonstrated with the help of a numerical example, and sensitivity analyses are also presented to provide managerial insights into practice.

scholarly journals A Study on Near Real-Time Carbon Emission of Roads in Urban Agglomeration of China to Improve Sustainable Development under the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Gengyuan Liu ◽  
Zining Huang ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Mingwan Wu ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

In order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality and explore the impact of COVID-19 on urban road carbon emission, this study applied and improved a near real-time road carbon emission estimation method for typical Chinese urban agglomeration to improve the rapid evaluation of sustainable development. As a result, we recorded the daily road carbon emission for 12 cities in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (JJJ) region under the impact of the epidemic, exploring the road carbon reduction effect caused by COVID-19. Singular value decomposition method was used to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of road carbon emission changes among cities and to explore the urban resilience oriented to public events. The results show: (1) In the JJJ region, the carbon reduction effect caused by COVID-19 is significant, but it lasted for a short time. In the three periods—before the epidemic, strict lockdown period, and post-lockdown period for prevention and control—the total daily road carbon emissions in the 12 cities were 170,000–190,000 tons, 90,000–110,000 tons, and 160,000–180,000 tons, respectively. (2) Cities in the JJJ region showed different road carbon reduction potential under short-term administrative control. During the “strict lockdown period” (23 January–25 February 2020), the average change rate of road carbon emissions in Beijing was −78.72%, which had great potential for reduction. However, the average change rates of Xingtai and Zhangjiakou were only −7.53% and −8.66%, respectively. (3) There are spatiotemporal differences in carbon emissions of urban roads in the JJJ region under the impact of the epidemic. During the gradual reduction of COVID-19 restrictions, great differences between cities on weekends and holidays arise, showing the road carbon emissions in Beijing on weekends and holidays are far lower than that in other cities. (4) In the face of public emergencies, the larger the city is and the more complex the function of the city is, the more difficult for the city is to maintain a steady state. This study not only provides an idea for the dynamic monitoring of urban carbon emissions to improve the rapid evaluation of urban sustainable development in post- and pre-lockdown but also fills the gap in the research on the differences in the response of cities to sudden security incidents from the perspective of road carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Impact of the Quality of Returned-Used Products on the Optimal Design of a Manufacturing/Remanufacturing System under Carbon Emissions Constraints

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadok Turki ◽  
Nidhal Rezg
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
The Impact

Due to environmental legislation pressure and the competition between manufacturing firms, a high number of production firms are obliged to collect and remanufacture used products. As a result, firm leaders and academic researchers are devoted to developing and managing new sustainable supply chains. Most of the published works in the literature assume that new and remanufactured products are of the same quality, and that all of the returned-used products are remanufacturable. However, in practice, new products are perceived as being of higher quality than remanufactured ones, and the remanufacturing depends on the quality of the returned-used products. This paper aims to bridge this gap in the literature by providing an optimal design for a manufacturing/remanufacturing system that differentiates between new and remanufactured products and sorts the used products into three quality levels. The objective is to determine the optimal storage capacities and production decisions regarding new and remanufactured products while considering carbon emissions. A model is developed to consider the above issues and determine the total profit. An evolutionary algorithm is developed to find the optimal values regarding store capacities and the remanufacturing periods of new and remanufactured products that maximize the total profit. Numerical results are provided to study the impact of the quantity and quality of returned-used products on the optimal values of store capacities, the remanufacturing periods of new and remanufactured products, and carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Retailer's Optimal Pricing and Ordering Policies for Non-Instantaneous Deteriorating Items with Price-Dependent Demand and Partial Backlogging

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Te Yang ◽  
Liang-Yuh Ouyang ◽  
Hsing-Han Wu
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Deteriorating Items ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
Replenishment Cycle ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Dependent Demand

An inventory system for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with price-dependent demand is formulated and solved. A model is developed in which shortages are allowed and partially backlogged, where the backlogging rate is variable and dependent on the waiting time for the next replenishment. The major objective is to determine the optimal selling price, the length of time in which there is no inventory shortage, and the replenishment cycle time simultaneously such that the total profit per unit time has a maximum value. An algorithm is developed to find the optimal solution, and numerical examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results. A sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to major parameters is also carried out.

scholarly journals The Impact of Different Carbon Emission Policies on Liner Shipping

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiangang Lan ◽  
Xiaode Zuo ◽  
Xia Tang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Liner Shipping ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Emissions Tax ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Forms Of Carbon ◽  
The Impact

This paper considers the influence of different carbon emission policies for liner shipping. The transportation optimization models under four different forms of carbon emission policies (no carbon emissions constraints, carbon emissions tax, carbon caps, and carbon cap-and-trade) are developed. A real case is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models and comparative analysis of the impact of different carbon emission policies on shipowner’s profit and ship carbon emission. It is shown that the carbon caps form is the most direct method for reducing emission; the form of carbon emissions tax is a mandatory measure, which has the greatest impact on the profit of shipping companies; carbon cap-and-trade forms have weaker emission reduction effects, it is easier for enterprises to actively implement emission reductions and be highly motivated in the long run.

Optimal trade credit and replenishment policies for non-instantaneous deteriorating items

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1793-1826
Author(s):  
Anuj Kumar Sharma ◽  
Sunil Tiwari ◽  
V.S.S. Yadavalli ◽  
Chandra K. Jaggi
Keyword(s):  
Solution Method ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Inventory Model ◽  
Deteriorating Items ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Demand Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Inventory ◽  
The Impact

The present study presents a fuzzy inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items under conditions of permissible delay in payments. In the current paper, we incorporate the condition in which, the supplier accepts the partial payment at the end of the credit period and the reaming amount after that period under the term and condition. Here, the demand rate is a function of the selling price. Also, it is assumed that shortages are allowed and are fully backlogged. The present paper also considers that the interest earned (IE) on the fixed deposit amount, i.e., revenue generated by fulfilling the shortage, balance amount, after settling the account is higher than that of usual interest rate (Ie). Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the retailer’s optimal policies that maximize the total profit. Also, some theoretical results are obtained, which shows that the optimal solution not only exists, it is unique also. The impact of the new proposed credit policy is investigated on the optimality of the solution for the non-instantaneous deteriorating products. The validation of the proposed model and its solution method is demonstrated through the numerical example. The results indicate that the inventory model, along with the solution method, provides a powerful tool to the retail managers under real-world situations. Results demonstrate that it is essential for the managers to consider the inclusion of new proposed credit policy significantly increases the net annual profit.

scholarly journals Effect of Carbon-tax and Cap-and-trade mechanism on an inventory system with price-sensitive demand and preservation technology investment

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-380
Author(s):  
Aditi Khanna ◽  
Shikha Yadav ◽  
P Priyamvada
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Technology Investment ◽  
Preservation Technology ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
Inventory Holding ◽  
Carbon Control

In today's global decision-making context, government and organizations are highly concerned with environmental degradation caused by carbon emissions. Being environmental conscious, this paper investigates two different carbon policies viz., ?Carbon tax and Cap-and-trade mechanism". It is observed that the main sources of carbon emissions are transhipments, inventory holding, inventory deterioration, and its preservation. Demand for the item is considered to be selling price dependent. Further, a comparison between a ?carbon tax" and \cap-and-trade" policies has been illustrated. Some important managerial insights are obtained from numerical and sensitivity analyses. The present paper contributes to the existing literature of carbon control policies by developing optimal inventory models dealing with deteriorating items with preservation technology. Results suggest that firms should implement ?Cap-and-trade" policy to increase their total profit, which at the same time, will help in reducing the carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Financial Inclusion and Carbon Reduction: Evidence From Chinese Counties

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenkai Yang ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
Yinwei Liu ◽  
Zhichao Yin ◽  
Zumian Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
County Level ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
The Impact

With the improvement of inclusive financial system, China’s economy has made significant development and growth. It worth in-depth investigation on environmental impact of financial inclusion, since growing GDP usually accompanied by more intensive carbon emission. This paper aims to reveal whether financial inclusion contributes to the carbon reduction in China using county-level dataset. A fixed-effect panel regression approach is adopted to examine the impact of financial inclusion on county-level regional carbon emissions. The estimation results imply that financial inclusion plays an important role in reducing carbon emissions. The mediation effect analysis reveals two channels through which financial inclusion imposes negative impact on the level of regional carbon emissions. One is to elevate the carbon sequestration capacity by increasing vegetation coverage, and the other is to improve the industrial structure through enhanced financial support. In addition to being a bridge between economic opportunity and output, financial inclusion can also act as an effective measure for addressing climate change.

ACOUSTIC PANEL CHICKEN FEATHER WASTE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansarullah ◽  
Ramli Rahim ◽  
Baharuddin Hamzah ◽  
Asniawaty Kusno ◽  
Muhammad Tayeb
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Chicken Feather ◽  
Chicken Feathers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Feather Waste ◽  
Chicken Feather Waste ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Chicken feathers are the result of waste from slaughterhouses and billions ofkilograms of waste produced by various kinds of poultry processing. This hal is a veryserious problem for the environment because it causes the impact of pollution. Hasmany utilization of chicken feather waste such as making komocen, accessories,upholstery materials, making brackets to the manufacture of animal feed but from theresults of this activity cannot reduce the production of chicken feathers that hiscontinuously increase every year. This is due to the fact that the selling price of chickenmeat has been reached by consumers with middle to upper economic levels. This caneasily be a chicken menu in almost all restaurants and restaurants to the food stalls onthe side of the road. An alternative way of utilizing chicken feathers is to makecomposite materials in the form of panels. Recent studies have shown that the pvacmaterial can be utilized as a mixing and adhesive material with mashed or groundfeathered composites to form a panel that can later be used as an acoustic material.The test results show that the absorption of chicken feathers and pvac glue into panelscan absorb sound well with an absorption coefficient of 0.59, light. This result is veryeconomical so it is worth to be recommended as an acoustic material. Apart from theresults of research methods carried out is one of the environmentally friendly activitiesin particular the handling of waste problems

Optimal Inventory Policies for Price and Time Sensitive Demand under Advertisement

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita Shah ◽  
Ekta Patel ◽  
Kavita Rabari
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Solution Procedure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Deteriorating Items ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
Back Order

Aims: This article analyzes an inventory system for deteriorating items. The demand is quadratic function of time and is dependent on time, price and advertisement. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. Background: Demand and pricing are the two most crucial factors in inventory policy for any business to be successful. In today’s era of competitive circumstances, any product is promoted through advertisement, which plays a vital role in changing the demand pattern among the community. The marketing and demonstration of an item by time-to-time with fashionable advertisements through well-known media such as TV, radio, newspaper, magazine, etc. However, this idea is not always true for some goods like wheat, vegetables, fruits, food grains, medicines and other perishable goods due to their deteriorating nature and this in turn decreases demand for such goods. Deterioration may define as decay, damage, spoilage, evaporation, obsolescence, pilferage. Hence, deterioration effect is a major part in inventory control theory. So in this article demand rate is considered to be a function of selling price, time and occurrence of advertisement instantaneously. Objective: A solution procedure is obtained to find optimal number of price changes and optimal selling price to maximize the total profit. Method: Classical Optimization. Result: From the sensitivity analysis table, it can be seen that the optimal profit is highly sensible to advertisement coefficient and purchase cost. With an increment in rate of deterioration, selling price decreases. Scale demand has reasonable effect on cycle time and selling price. When the value of increase, the cycle length and profit goes on decreasing. Growth in profit is observed if we increase parameter b, higher will be the profit. Price elasticity is sensible parameter with respect to selling price. If backlogging rate increases, the profit will decreases. The inventory parameters holding cost, back order cost and lost sale cost have marginal effect on total profit. Conclusion: In this article, an inventory model is proposed for deteriorating items with variable demand depends upon the advertisement, selling price of the item and time. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged and backlogging rate depends on the waiting time for the next replenishment. From this article, we can conclude that the parameters are insensible with respect to optimal profit, cycle time and selling price and rest of the parameters have practical output on total profit.

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