scholarly journals Determining the Thyroid Gland Volume Causing Tracheal Compression: A Semiautomated 3D CT Volumetry Study

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Murat Binar ◽  
Mehmet Serindere ◽  
Ugur Bozlar ◽  
Serdar Karahatay ◽  
Suat Demirkapi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tracheal Compression ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
Thyroid Gland Volume ◽  
Study Population

Background and objectives: Increased thyroid gland volume (TV) may bring about tracheal compression, which is one of the causes of respiratory distress. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between TV and the severity of tracheal compression independent of patients’ symptoms using semiautomated three-dimensional (3D) volumetry (S3DV) reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) scans. Cut-off TVs leading to different levels of tracheal narrowing were evaluated. Materials and Methods: One hundred sixty-three contrast-enhanced head and neck CT examinations were retrospectively assessed. TVs were measured by S3DV. The degree of tracheal compression was measured at the point where the greatest percent reduction in the cross-sectional area of the trachea adjacent to the thyroid gland was observed. To determine the severity of compression, the tracheal compression ratio (TCR) was defined (TCR = A1 (the narrowest cross-sectional area of trachea)/A2 (the largest cross-sectional area of trachea)). Results: The mean tracheal narrowing was 15% (TCR = 0.85 ± 0.15) in the study population. Patients with more than 15% tracheal compression had significantly higher TV values than those with less than 15% tracheal compression (p < 0.001). In addition, a significant correlation was found between TV and tracheal compression (p < 0.001). Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the cut-off levels for TV that predict a tracheal narrowing of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% were 19.75 mL, 21.56 mL, 24.54 mL, and 30.29 mL, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study objectively demonstrated that larger thyroid glands cause more severe compression on the trachea. The results may be helpful during the decision-making process for thyroidectomies to be performed due to compression symptoms.

Can Thyroid Ultrasonography Predict Substernal Extension or Tracheal Compression in Goiters?

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-429
Author(s):  
Hedyeh Ziai ◽  
Nicole L. Lebo ◽  
Ania Z. Kielar ◽  
Michael J. Odell
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Tracheal Compression ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
The Us ◽  
Thyroid Gland Volume ◽  
Preoperative Ct

Purpose To determine whether an ultrasonography (US)-defined thyroid volume can accurately predict substernal extension or tracheal narrowing. Methods After research ethics approval, we identified patients with thyroid nodules investigated with both US and computed tomography (CT). Reviewers assigned scores for both substernal extension and tracheal compression on CT using pre-established classification systems. Statistical analysis with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to find the US-determined thyroid volume thresholds that correlated with each substernal extension and tracheal compression. Results This study included 120 patients (mean age 63.4 years; SD ± 15.9; 67% female). Thirty-five patients (29%) had substernal extension. The mean US total thyroid gland volume in patients with and without substernal extension were 92.4 and 37.6 cm3, respectively ( P < .001). 86% of patients with substernal extension had tracheal narrowing vs. 27% of patients without substernal extension ( P < .0001). A cutoff dominant gland volume of ≥37.5 cm3 showed 83% sensitivity and 79% specificity for substernal extension (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.84). A total thyroid gland volume threshold of ≥37.8 cm3 showed 89% sensitivity and 87% specificity for any degree of tracheal narrowing (AUC = 0.90). Conclusions This study suggests that US volumes may be used as a predictor to identify those patients with thyroid enlargement who are most at risk of substernal extension and tracheal compression and who may benefit from preoperative CT imaging for optimal surgical and anesthetic planning.

scholarly journals X-ray CT Analysis of the Cross-Section of a 3D-Printed Deformed Layer

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7764
Author(s):  
Ho-Jae Lee ◽  
Eun-A Seo ◽  
Won-Woo Kim ◽  
Jun-Mo Yang ◽  
Jae-Heum Moon
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deformed Layer ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Cross

In this study, we experimentally analyzed the deformation shape of stacked layers developed using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The nozzle traveling speed was changed to 80, 90, 100, and 110 mm/s when printing the layers to analyze its effect on layer deformation. Furthermore, the cross-sectional area and the number of layers were analyzed by printing five layers with overall dimensions of 1000 (w) × 2200 (l) × 50 (h) mm (each layer was 10 mm high) using Vernier calipers. Moreover, we analyzed the interface and cross-sectional area of layers that are difficult to confirm visually using X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) analysis. As a result of measuring the deformation at the center of the layer, it was confirmed that the deformation was greater for lower nozzle traveling speeds. Consequently, the X-ray CT analysis verified that the layer had the same cross-sectional area irrespective of the layer printing order at the same nozzle travel speed, even if the layer was deformed.

Serial measurement of cross-sectional area in peripheral vein grafts using three-dimensional ultrasound

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F Leotta ◽  
Jean F Primozich ◽  
Kirk W Beach ◽  
Robert O Bergelin ◽  
D.Eugene Strandness
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Peripheral Vein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vein Grafts ◽  
Serial Measurement

scholarly journals Risk factors for small pharyngeal airway dimensions in preorthodontic children: A three-dimensional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seerone Anandarajah ◽  
Raahib Dudhia ◽  
Andrew Sandham ◽  
Liselotte Sonnesen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relevant Factors ◽  
Airway Dimensions

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze which parameters, gathered from standard orthodontic diagnostic material, were most relevant for identifying small pharyngeal airway dimensions in preorthodontic children. Materials and Methods: The sample was composed of 105 cone beam computed tomography scans of healthy preorthodontic children (44 boys, 61 girls; mean age, 10.7 ± 2.4 years). Airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area were three-dimensionally assessed. Cephalometric features and skeletal maturity were assessed on generated two-dimensional cephalograms. Associations were analyzed and adjusted for age, gender, and skeletal maturity by multiple regression analyses. Results: Airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area were significantly smaller in prepubertal children (P &lt; .001, P &lt; .05, respectively) and positively associated with age (P &lt; .001, P &lt; .01, respectively). After adjustment of age, skeletal maturity and gender significant associations were found between pharyngeal airway dimensions and craniofacial morphology. Airway volume was positively associated with maxillary and mandibular width (P &lt; .01; P &lt; .001, respectively) and anterior face height (P &lt; .05; P &lt; .05, respectively). Minimal cross-sectional area was positively associated with maxillary and mandibular width (P &lt; .01; P &lt; .001, respectively) and negatively associated with sagittal jaw relationship (AnPg, P &lt; .05). Mandibular width and age were the most relevant factors for airway volume (r2 = 0.36). Mandibular width and sagittal jaw relationship were the most relevant factors for minimal cross-sectional area (r2 = 0.16). Conclusion: Pharyngeal airway dimensions were significantly associated with age, skeletal maturity, and craniofacial morphology in all three planes. Children with a reduced mandibular width and increased sagittal jaw relationship are particularly at risk of having small pharyngeal airway dimensions.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional muscle architecture of the infant and adult trapezius: a cadaveric study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Mikaela L. Stiver ◽  
Luke R. Bradshaw ◽  
Ethan M. Breinhorst ◽  
Anne M. R. Agur ◽  
S. Ali Mirjalili
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bundle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
3D Architecture

Objectives: The elaborate morphometry of the human trapezius muscle facilitates its involvement in numerous active movements of the shoulder girdle and passive stabilization of the upper extremity. Despite its functional importance throughout the lifespan, little is known about the 3D architecture of trapezius at any post-natal timepoints. Accordingly, the aim of this preliminary cadaveric study was to digitize, quantify, model, and compare the 3D architecture of trapezius at two temporal extremes: infancy and adulthood. Methods: We examined trapezius in two female formalin-embalmed cadavers, aged 6 months and 72 years, respectively. We meticulously dissected each muscle, allowing us to digitize and model the comprehensive muscle architecture in situ at the fiber bundle level. We quantified standard architectural parameters to facilitate comparison between each functional partition of trapezius (i.e., descending, transverse, ascending) and proportionally between the infant and adult specimens. Results: We found markedly different patterns in fiber bundle length range, physiological cross-sectional area, and muscle volume within and between muscles. Notably, the proportional physiological cross-sectional area of the ascending and descending partitions was equal (1:1) in the infant, in contrast to 3:1 in the adult. The transverse partitions were proportionally similar, accounting for over half of the whole muscle physiological cross-sectional area in both specimens. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary insights into infant and adult trapezius architecture at an unparalleled level of detail and precision. The quantifiable architectural differences appear to coincide with functional development-a notion that warrants further investigation in larger samples and with longitudinal approaches.

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