scholarly journals Modelling and Optimisation of Multi-Stage Flash Distillation and Reverse Osmosis for Desalination of Saline Process Wastewater Sources

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andras Jozsef Toth
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Flash Distillation ◽  
Process Wastewater ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Additional Value

Nowadays, there is increasing interest in advanced simulation methods for desalination. The two most common desalination methods are multi-stage flash distillation (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO). Numerous research works have been published on these separations, however their simulation appears to be difficult due to their complexity, therefore continuous improvement is required. The RO, in particular, is difficult to model, because the liquids to be separated also depend specifically on the membrane material. The aim of this study is to model steady-state desalination opportunities of saline process wastewater in flowsheet environment. Commercial flowsheet simulator programs were investigated: ChemCAD for thermal desalination and WAVE program for membrane separation. The calculation of the developed MSF model was verified based on industrial data. It can be stated that both simulators are capable of reducing saline content from 4.5 V/V% to 0.05 V/V%. The simulation results are in accordance with the expectations: MSF has higher yield, but reverse osmosis is simpler process with lower energy demand. The main additional value of the research lies in the comparison of desalination modelling in widely commercially available computer programs. Furthermore, complex functions are established between the optimized operating parameters of multi-stage flash distillation allowing to review trends in flash steps for complete desalination plants.

scholarly journals Recent Desalination Technologies by Hybridization and Integration with Reverse Osmosis: A Review

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1369
Author(s):  
Jhon Jairo Feria-Díaz ◽  
Felipe Correa-Mahecha ◽  
María Cristina López-Méndez ◽  
Juan Pablo Rodríguez-Miranda ◽  
Jesús Barrera-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Flash Distillation ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Fresh Water Supply

Reverse osmosis is the leading technology for desalination of brackish water and seawater, important for solving the growing problems of fresh water supply. Thermal technologies such as multi-effect distillation and multi-stage flash distillation still comprise an important portion of the world’s desalination capacity. They consume substantial amounts of energy, generally obtained from fossil fuels, due to their low efficiency. Hybridization is a strategy that seeks to reduce the weaknesses and enhance the advantages of each element that makes it up. This paper introduces a review of the most recent publications on hybridizations between reverse osmosis and thermal desalination technologies, as well as their integration with renewable energies as a requirement to decarbonize desalination processes. Different configurations provide improvements in key elements of the system to reduce energy consumption, brine production, and contamination, while improving product quality and production rate. A combination of renewable sources and use of energy and water storage systems allow for improving the reliability of hybrid systems.

scholarly journals Mass and Heat Transfer at Different Heat Exchange Surfaces and Their Suitability for Use in Thermal Desalination Plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schwarzer ◽  
H.J. Bart
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Water Side ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Desalination Plants

A new concept for small scale multi-stage distillation (MSD) desalination plants is presented allowing an installation in remote rural areal due to low maintenance, operating and investment costs. It is based on extensive studies on heat and mass transfer using 6 different condensation / heat transfer surfaces or material combinations. Basically all 6 condensation surfaces except glass are of a sheet metal or an expanded metal (to the evaporation side) in combination to an acid- and heat-resistant foil (on the salt water side). The basic experiments were performed in a "lab scale" unit to determine their thermodynamic and structural characteristics and user-friendliness. After validation in a prototype novel oxidic condensation surfaces (AF) and material combinations are in actual use in the new MSD systems, following the requirements, including a good wetting and condensation behavior and a good heat transfer.

scholarly journals Hydrographic parameters and distribution of dissolved Cu, Ni, Zn and nutrients near Jeddah desalination plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad M. Fallatah ◽  
Yasar N. Kavil ◽  
Ahmed S. A. Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammed I. Orif ◽  
Yasser A. Shaban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Flash Distillation ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Sea Coast

AbstractThe development of safe desalination plants with low environmental impact is as important an issue as the supply of drinking water. The desalination plant in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia, Red Sea coast) produces freshwater from seawater by multi-stage flash distillation (MSFD) and reverse osmosis (RO). The process produces brine as by-product, which is dumped into the sea. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Jeddah desalination plant on the coastal water in the nearby of the plant. Total concentrations of dissolved Cu, Ni, Zn and nutrients in several locations around the plant were analyzed by cathodic stripping voltammetry. The average levels of dissolved Cu, Ni, and Zn on surface in the sampling locations were 15.02, 11.02, and 68.03 nM respectively, whereas the levels at the seafloor near the discharging point were much higher. Distribution of temperature, salinity, nutrients and dissolved oxygen were quite normal both on surface and in depth.

scholarly journals Influence of nanofiltration pretreatment on scale deposition in multi-stage flash thermal desalination plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman Al-Rawajfeh
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Deposition Potential ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Operational Problem ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Scale Deposition

Scale formation represents a major operational problem encountered in thermal desalination plants. In current installed plants, and to allow for a reasonable safety margin, sulfate scale deposition limits the top brine temperature (TBT) in multi-stage flash (MSF) distillers up to 110-112?C. This has significant effect on the unit capital, operational and water production cost. In this work, the influence of nanofiltration (NF) pretreatment on the scale deposition potential and increasing TBT in MSF thermal desalination plants is modeled on the basis of mass transfer with chemical reaction of solutes in the brine. Full and partial NF-pretreatment of the feed water were investigated. TBT can be increased in MSF by increasing the percentage of NF-treated feed. Full NF pretreatment of the make-up allows TBT in the MSF plant to be raised up to 175?C in the case of di hybrid NF-MSF and up to 165?C in the case of tri hybrid NF-RO-MSF. The significant scale reduction is associated with increasing flashing range, unit recovery, unit performance, and will lead to reduction in heat transfer surface area, pumping power and therefore, water production cost.

Integrated Wastewater Recovery and Reuse via Waste Heat Utilization

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Chudnovsky ◽  
Aleksandr Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Flash Distillation

A variety of industrial wastewater recovery technologies for different areas and applications has been developed over the years, including primarily thermal and membrane processes. The main thermal processes include atmospheric distillation, distillation with mechanical vapor compression, vacuum distillation, multi-stage flash distillation, multi-effect distillation with thermal vapor compression, etc. [1,2]. The membrane processes contain reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and nanofiltration. The multi-stage flash distillation and reverse osmosis processes dominate in most applications. Wastewater recovery and re-use technologies have been expanding rapidly in recent decades. The market is also driven by the falling costs of wastewater recovery, which are due to the technological advances in the process. The costs of clean water produced by wastewater recovery process dropped considerably over the years as a result of reductions in price of equipment, reductions in power consumption and advances in system design and operating experiences. In this work state-of-the art and innovative wastewater recovery/re-use technologies are estimated and compared in their features and cost respects. The new technology is discussed that allows increasing in energy efficiency of the wastewater recycling and reduce electricity consumption associated with conventional methods. Successful development and implementation of the technology for food processing applications will provide large energy and water savings to the industry. These savings are tied to an energy efficiency increase and reduction in pumping power for process water supply. The ability to integrate waste heat recovery with wastewater reuse also leads to product cost reduction opportunities for producers.

scholarly journals ASPEK TEKNOLOGI PENENTUAN DESALINASI YANG DI KOPLING DENGAN REAKTOR DAYA EKSPERIMENTAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Siti Alimah ◽  
Erlan Dewita ◽  
Heni Susiati ◽  
Teguh Aryanto
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Flash Distillation

BATAN berencana membangun dan mengoperasikan Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE). RDE dengan tipe reaktor gas temperatur tinggi (HTGR), merupakan salah satu kandidat desain reaktor yang limbah panasnya cocok untuk aplikasi desalinasi air laut. Kopling desalinasi dengan RDE, membuat teknologi desalinasi lebih menarik, karena selain menghemat cadangan bahan bakar fosil, ramah lingkungan, juga dapat menambah pasokan kebutuhan air bersih. Terdapat berbagai teknologi desalinasi komersial yaitu menggunakan energi thermal dan menggunakan membran dalam proses pemisahannya. Multi-Stage Flash Distillation (MSF) dan Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) adalah proses desalinasi yang menggunakan energi thermal, sedangkan Reverse Osmosis (RO) adalah proses desalinasi yang menggunakan membran. Temperatur keluaran uap dari pembangkit RDE adalah 520oC dan selanjutnya uap mengalir ke turbin dengan temperatur keluaran 256oC. Uap tersebut dalam bentuk superheated (lewat jenuh) dan yang diperlukan untuk desalinasi adalah uap saturated (jenuh). Tujuan studi adalah menentukan teknologi desalinasi yang sesuai dikopling dengan RDE berdasar aspek teknologi. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur terkait permasalahan dan analisis dengan mempertimbangkan aspek keselamatan. Hasil studi diperoleh bahwa teknologi desalinasi MSF lebih sesuai untuk dikopling dengan RDE, dengan skema pengambilan sumber panas sesudah keluar turbin uap

scholarly journals ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THERMAL DESALINATION PLANTS USING DEAS PROGRAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-25
Author(s):  
Salah Al-Hengari ◽  
Mohamed El-Bousiffi ◽  
Walid El-Moudir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Package Program ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
The Cost

This paper provides an overview of the potential use of Desalination Economic Analysis Spreadsheets DEAS package; implemented as Excel spreadsheets in economic evaluation and analysis of thermal desalination plants; especially multi stage flashing (MSF) and multi effect evaporation with / without thermal vapor compression (MEE / MEE-TVC).  The DEAS package program has been developed by the researchers. DEAS has been developed and used during the evaluation of thermal desalination plants in the oil sector in Libya. Cost data obtained from various sources were used to evaluate the economic performance and the cost of producing one m3 of distillate water.  Different aspects of economic evaluation were discussed in which the attractive potential utilization of DEAS program is shown.  The results obtained from DEAS program showed that the increase of plant capacity (although it increased the capital cost) reduced the product unit cost. In addition, an estimate of the unit product cost of thermal desalination processes could be done quickly and accurately through DEAS.

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