scholarly journals Optimization of Spiral-Wound Microfiltration Process Parameters for the Production of Micellar Casein Concentrate

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Chenchaiah Marella ◽  
Venkateswarlu Sunkesula ◽  
Ahmed R. A. Hammam ◽  
Anil Kommineni ◽  
Lloyd E. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Micellar Casein ◽  
Critical Process Parameters ◽  
Systematic Selection ◽  
True Protein ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spiral Wound

A systematic selection of different transmembrane pressures (TMP) and levels of diafiltration (DF) was studied to optimize these critical process parameters during the manufacturing of micellar casein concentrate (MCC) using spiral-wound polymeric membrane filtration. Three TMPs (34.5, 62.1, and 103.4 kPa) and four DF levels (0, 70, 100, and 150%) were applied in the study. The effect of the TMP and DF level on flux rates, serum protein (SP) removal, the casein-to-total-protein ratio, the casein-to-true-protein ratio, and the rejection of casein and SP were evaluated. At all transmembrane pressures, the overall flux increased with increases in the DF level. The impact of DF on the overall flux was more pronounced at lower pressures than at higher pressures. With controlled DF, the instantaneous flux was maintained within 80% of the initial flux for the entire process run. The combination of 34.5 kPa and a DF level of 150% resulted in 81.45% SP removal, and a casein-to-true-protein ratio of 0.96. SP removal data from the lab-scale experiments were fitted into a mathematical model using DF levels and the square of TMPs as factors. The model developed in this study could predict SP removal within 90–95% of actual SP removal achieved from the pilot plant experiments.

scholarly journals Optimization of Spiral-wound Microfiltration Process for Production of Micellar Casein Concentrate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchaiah Marella ◽  
Venkateswarlu Sunkesula ◽  
Ahmed R. A. Hammam ◽  
Anil Kommineni ◽  
and Lloyd E. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Micellar Casein ◽  
True Protein ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spiral Wound

Micellar Casein Concentrate (MCC) is manufactured from microfiltration (MF) of skim milk utilizing ceramic or polymeric membrane filtration. While ceramic filtration has higher efficiency, use of polymeric is cost effective and the process is familiar to several US dairy processors. The aim of the present study was to develop an optimized membrane filtration process to produce MCC using spiral wound polymeric membrane filtration (SW MF) system by systematic selection of transmembrane pressure (TMP) and level of diafiltration (DF). Using skim milk as feed material, preliminary lab-scale MF experiments were conducted using 0.5 µm polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. Three TMP (34.5, 62.1, and 103.4 kPa) and three levels of DF (70, 100, and 150%) along with a process without DF as control were used in the study. Effect of TMP and effectiveness of DF on flux rates, SP removal, casein to total protein (CN/TKN) ratio, casein to true protein (CN/TP) ratio, rejection of casein (rej CN) and SP (rej SP) were evaluated. At all TMP values used in the study, the overall flux (O Flux) increased with the level of DF. Highest O Flux of 30.77 liter per meter square per hour (LMH) was obtained with 34.5 kPa pressure and 150% DF. The impact of DF was more pronounced at lower pressures than at the higher pressures used in the study. With controlled DF, instantaneous flux was maintained within 80% of initial flux for the entire process run. For all the experiments, casein has a rejection of 0.97 to 1.0, while serum protein has the lowest rejection of 0.10 at 34.5 kPa pressure and 150% DF level. Use of 34.5 kPa and DF level of 150 % contributed to 81.45% SP removal, and casein to true protein ratio of 0.96. SP removal data from the lab-scale experiments were fitted into a mathematical model using DF and square of TMP as factors. The model predicts SP removal within 90-95% of actual SP removal got from the pilot plant experiments.

Impact of polymeric membrane filtration of oil sands process water on organic compounds quantification

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. A. Moustafa ◽  
Eun-Sik Kim ◽  
Alla Alpatova ◽  
Nian Sun ◽  
Scott Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Nylon Membrane ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The interaction between organic fractions in oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) and three polymeric membranes with varying hydrophilicity (nylon, polyvinylidene fluoride and polytetrafluoroethylene) at different pHs was studied to evaluate the impact of filtration on the quantification of acid-extractable fraction (AEF) and naphthenic acids (NAs). Four functional groups predominated in OSPW (amine, phosphoryl, carboxyl and hydroxyl) as indicated by the linear programming method. The nylon membranes were the most hydrophilic and exhibited the lowest AEF removal at pH of 8.7. However, the adsorption of AEF on the membranes increased as the pH of OSPW decreased due to hydrophobic interactions between the membrane surfaces and the protonated molecules. The use of ultra pressure liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC/HRMS) showed insignificant adsorption of NAs on the tested membranes at pH 8.7. However, 26 ± 2.4% adsorption of NAs was observed at pH 5.3 following the protonation of NAs species. For the nylon membrane, excessive carboxylic acids in the commercial NAs caused the formation of negatively charged assisted hydrogen bonds, resulting in increased adsorption at pH 8.2 (25%) as compared to OSPW (0%). The use of membranes for filtration of soluble compounds from complex oily wastewaters before quantification analysis of AEF and NAs should be examined prior to application.

scholarly journals Designing ultra-small nanostructured lipid carriers: critical process parameters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mendes ◽  
João Basso ◽  
João Sousa ◽  
Alberto Pais ◽  
Carla Vitorino
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
Critical Process Parameters ◽  
Critical Process

scholarly journals Effects of Process Parameters on the Color Quality of Anthocyanin-Based Colorants from Conventional and Microwave-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Leaf Varieties

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Jin Mark D. G. Pagulayan ◽  
Aprille Suzette V. Mendoza ◽  
Fredelyn S. Gascon ◽  
Jan Carlo C. Aningat ◽  
Abigail S. Rustia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Aqueous Extraction ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of process parameters (time and raw material weight (RMW)) of conventional (boiling for 10–45 min) and microwave-assisted (2–8 min) aqueous extraction on the color quality (i.e., lightness (L*), chroma (C*), and hue (H°) of anthocyanin –based colorants of red and Inubi sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves. Using response surface methodology, it was found that RMW and boiling time (BT) and microwave time (MT) generally had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the color quality of the extract from both extraction methods. The effects were found to vary depending on the extraction method and variety of the leaves used. Both extraction methods produced a brown to brick-red extract from the Inubi variety that turned red-violet to pink when acidified. The red sweet potato leaves produced a deep violet colored extract that also turned red-violet when acidified. It is recommended that the anthocyanin content of the extracts be measured to validate the impact of the methods on the active agent. Nevertheless, the outcomes in this study may serve as baseline data for further studies on the potential of sweet potato leaf colorants (SPLC) as a colorant with functional properties.

The Impact of Ball Milling Process Parameters on the Preparation of Nano Silicon Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-264
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Zhu ◽  
Xiaolan Cai ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xudong Cui
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Silicon Powder ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Ball Milling Process ◽  
Nano Silicon ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A FEM-Based 2D Model for Simulation and Qualitative Assessment of Shot-Peening Processes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2784
Author(s):  
Georgios Maliaris ◽  
Christos Gakias ◽  
Michail Malikoutsakis ◽  
Georgios Savaidis
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Elastoplastic Material ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
The Impact ◽  
2D Model

Shot peening is one of the most favored surface treatment processes mostly applied on large-scale engineering components to enhance their fatigue performance. Due to the stochastic nature and the mutual interactions of process parameters and the partially contradictory effects caused on the component’s surface (increase in residual stress, work-hardening, and increase in roughness), there is demand for capable and user-friendly simulation models to support the responsible engineers in developing optimal shot-peening processes. The present paper contains a user-friendly Finite Element Method-based 2D model covering all major process parameters. Its novelty and scientific breakthrough lie in its capability to consider various size distributions and elastoplastic material properties of the shots. Therewith, the model is capable to provide insight into the influence of every individual process parameter and their interactions. Despite certain restrictions arising from its 2D nature, the model can be accurately applied for qualitative or comparative studies and processes’ assessments to select the most promising one(s) for the further experimental investigations. The model is applied to a high-strength steel grade used for automotive leaf springs considering real shot size distributions. The results reveal that the increase in shot velocity and the impact angle increase the extent of the residual stresses but also the surface roughness. The usage of elastoplastic material properties for the shots has been proved crucial to obtain physically reasonable results regarding the component’s behavior.

scholarly journals Electrochemical synthesis of biobased polymers and polymer building blocks from vanillin

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 8970-8985
Author(s):  
Robin Kunkel ◽  
Volkmar M. Schmidt ◽  
Carsten Cremers ◽  
Dominik Müller ◽  
Detlef Schmiedl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Biobased Polymers ◽  
The Impact

Hydrovanilloin and polyvanillin were synthesized electrochemically investigating the impact of process parameters such as electrode material, charge and current density.

scholarly journals The impact of molded pulp product process on the mechanical properties of molded Bleached Chemi-Thermo-Mechanical Pulp

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Dislaire ◽  
Yves Grohens ◽  
Bastien Seantier ◽  
Marion Muzy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Mechanical Pulp ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study was carried out using bleached softwood Chemi-Thermo-Mechanical Pulp to evaluate the influence of Molded Pulp Products’ manufacturing process parameters on the finished products’ mechanical and hygroscopic properties. A Taguchi table was done to make 8 tests with specific process parameters such as moulds temperature, pulping time, drying time, and pressing time. The results of these tests were used to obtain an optimized manufacturing process with improved mechanical properties and a lower water uptake after sorption analysis and water immersion. The optimized process parameters allowed us to improve the Young’ Modulus after 30h immersion of 58% and a water uptake reduction of 78% with the first 8 tests done.

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