scholarly journals Process Window for Electron Beam Melting of 316LN Stainless Steel

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Stefan Roos ◽  
Lars-Erik Rännar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Lower Beam ◽  
Lower Yield Strength ◽  
Deflection Rate

Electron beam melting (EBM) is currently hampered by the low number of materials available for processing. This work presents an experimental study of process parameter development related to EBM processing of stainless steel alloy 316LN. Area energy (AE) input and beam deflection rate were varied to produce a wide array of samples in order to determine which combination of process parameters produced dense (>99%) material. Both microstructure and tensile properties were studied. The aim was to determine a process window which results in dense material. The range of AE which produced dense materials was found to be wider for 316LN than for many other reported materials, especially at lower beam deflection rates. Tensile and microstructural analysis showed that increasing the beam deflection rate, and consequently lowering the AE, resulted in material with a smaller grain size, lower ductility, lower yield strength, and a narrower window for producing material that is neither porous nor swelling.

scholarly journals Validation experiments for LBM simulations of electron beam melting

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1441009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Ammer ◽  
Ulrich Rüde ◽  
Matthias Markl ◽  
Vera Jüchter ◽  
Carolin Körner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Line Energy ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
Numerical Process ◽  
Best Parameter

This paper validates three-dimensional (3D) simulation results of electron beam melting (EBM) processes by comparing experimental and numerical data. The physical setup is presented which is discretized by a 3D thermal lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). An experimental process window is used for the validation depending on the line energy injected into the metal powder bed and the scan velocity of the electron beam. In the process window, the EBM products are classified into the categories, porous, good and swelling, depending on the quality of the surface. The same parameter sets are used to generate a numerical process window. A comparison of numerical and experimental process windows shows a good agreement. This validates the EBM model and justifies simulations for future improvements of the EBM processes. In particular, numerical simulations can be used to explain future process window scenarios and find the best parameter set for a good surface quality and dense products.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Behavior of Chemical Elements by Electron Beam Melting of Superalloy and Stainless Steel.

DENKI-SEIKO ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
Atushi Kanagawa ◽  
Michihiko Fujine ◽  
Yasuhiro Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Chemical Elements

Processing windows for Ti-6Al-4V fabricated by selective electron beam melting with improved beam focus and different scan line spacings

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph R. Pobel ◽  
Fuad Osmanlic ◽  
Matthias A. Lodes ◽  
Sebastian Wachter ◽  
Carolin Körner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Selective Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Scan Line

Purpose Selective electron beam melting (SEBM) is a highly versatile powder bed fusion additive manufacturing method. SEBM is characterized by high energy densities which can be applied with nearly inertia free beam deflection at high speeds (<8.000 m/s). This paper aims to determine processing maps for Ti-6Al-4V on an Arcam Q10 machine with LaB6 cathode design. Design/methodology/approach Scan line spacings of 100, 50 and 20 µm in a broad parameter range, focusing on high deflection and build speeds are investigated. Findings There are broad processing windows for dense parts without surface flaws for all scan line spacings which are defined by the total energy input and the area melting velocity. Originality/value The differences and limitations are discussed taking into account the beam properties at high beam energy and velocity as well as evaporation related loss of alloying components.

E-BRITE 26-1

Alloy Digest ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract E-BRITE 26-1 is a high-purity ferritic stainless steel produced by electron-beam melting. It combines excellent fabrication properties and weld-ability with good corrosion resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-285. Producer or source: Licensees of Airco Vacuum Metals.

scholarly journals Role of Superficial Defects and Machining Depth in Tensile Properties of Electron Beam Melting (EBM) Made Inconel 718

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhao ◽  
Amir Rashid ◽  
Annika Strondl ◽  
Christopher Hulme-Smith ◽  
Niclas Stenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Stress ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Machined Parts ◽  
Lower Yield Strength ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Subsurface Defects

AbstractSince there is no report on the influence of machining depth on electron beam melting (EBM) parts, this paper investigated the role of superficial defects and machining depth in the performance of EBM made Inconel 718 (IN718) samples. Therefore, as-built EBM samples were analyzed against the shallow-machined (i.e., only removal of outer surfaces) and deep-machined (i.e., deep surface removal into the material) parts. It was shown that both as-built and shallow-machined samples had a drastically lower yield strength (970 ± 50 MPa), ultimate tensile stress (1200 ± 40 MPa), and ductility (28 ± 2%) compared to the deep-machined samples. This was since premature failure occurred due to various superficial defects. The superficial defects appeared in two levels, as (1) notches and pores on the surface and (2) irregular pores and cracks within the subsurface. Since the latter occurred down to 2 mm underneath the surface, shallow machining only exposed the subsurface defects to outer surfaces. Thus, the shallow-machined parts achieved only 68% and 8% of UTS and elongation of the deep-machined parts, respectively. This low performance occurred to be comparable to the as-built parts, which failed prematurely due to the high fraction surface voids and notches as well as the subsurface defects.

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