scholarly journals Variability of the Ball Mill Bond’s Standard Test in a Ta Ore Due to the Lack of Standardization

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1606
Author(s):  
Gloria González García ◽  
Alfredo L. Coello-Velázquez ◽  
Begoña Fernández Pérez ◽  
Juan M. Menéndez-Aguado
Keyword(s):  
Ball Mill ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Work Index ◽  
Bond Work Index ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Tumbling Mills

There is no doubt about the practical interest of Fred Bond’s methodology in the field of comminution, not only in tumbling mills design and operation but also in mineral raw materials grindability characterization. Increasing energy efficiency in comminution operations globally is considered a significant challenge involving several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In particular, the Bond work index (wi) is considered a critical parameter at an industrial scale, provided that power consumption in comminution operations accounts for up to 40% of operational costs. Despite this, the variability of wi when performing the ball mill Bond’s standard test is not always understood enough. This study shows the results of a variability analysis (a 33 factorial design) performed to elucidate the influence on wi of several parameters obtained from the particle size distribution (PSD) in feed and product. Results showed a clear variability in the work and grindability indexes with some of the variables considered.

scholarly journals Evaluating Standards for Private-Sector Financial Institutions and the Management of Cultural Heritage

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Mason ◽  
Meng Ying
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Reputation Risk ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Development Goals

ABSTRACTFinancial institutions typically avoid projects that will have a significant adverse effect on cultural heritage because it creates unwelcome risk and can affect their reputation. For bank clients, adverse project effects on cultural heritage can result in reputation risk, impede access to finance and insurance, increase operational costs, and jeopardize on-time and on-budget delivery of projects. To address this risk, financial institutions implement environmental and social policy frameworks that include specific requirements for the consideration of cultural heritage. This article examines the place of cultural heritage in the lending practices of 25 of the world's largest private-sector banks and its relevance for heritage practitioners who may be retained to provide advice, review or undertake fieldwork, and prepare studies in keeping with the private-sector bank policies and external standards described. The article concludes with a recommended best practice for private-sector financial institutions, a call to action for heritage practitioners to advocate for robust safeguards, and a call for support of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals by both heritage practitioners and private-sector financial institutions.

The bond work index of mixtures of ceramic raw materials

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 981-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ipek ◽  
Y. Ucbas ◽  
C. Hosten
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Work Index ◽  
Bond Work Index

scholarly journals USE OF SECONDARY POLYETHYLENE GRANULES IN THE PRODUCTION OF POLYMERIC PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
ALYONA EVGENIEVNA SINICHUK ◽  
◽  
TATIANA ANDREEVNA RODINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
Development Goals

The possibilities and problems of using polyethylene waste to obtain secondary polyethylene and its processing into products are considered. The use of secondary raw materials in the production of polymeric materials with high environmental properties is one of the ways to achieve sustainable development goals. The characteristics of the stages of the technological process from the collection and sorting of raw materials to the production of secondary granules are given.

scholarly journals Impact of Industry 4.0 on Environmental Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Oláh ◽  
Nemer Aburumman ◽  
József Popp ◽  
Muhammad Asif Khan ◽  
Hossam Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
German Industry ◽  
Development Goals

Industry 4.0 is a concept that originated from the German industry, and whose essence is the use of technology for efficient production. In business today, the emergence of Industry 4.0 for production, and its related technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems, amongst others, have, however, a negative impact on environmental sustainability as a result of air pollution, the poor discharge of waste, and the intensive use of raw materials, information, and energy. The method used in this study is an analysis of a literature review of manuscripts discussing topics related to Industry 4.0 and environmental sustainability published between 2000 and 2020. There is currently a gap existing between the actual and the desired situation, in that production occurs in a weak sustainability model, and, therefore, this research debates the effects on environmental sustainability and the challenges facing Industry 4.0. Four scenarios are discussed: a deployment scenario, an operation scenario, integration and compliance with sustainable development goals, and a long-run scenario. The results indicate that there is a negative relationship related to the flow of the production process from the inputs to the final product, including raw materials, energy requirements, information, and waste disposal, and their impacts on the environment. However, the integration of Industry 4.0 and the sustainable development goals enhance environmental sustainability to create ecological support that guarantees high environmental performance with a more positive impact than before. This paper will help stakeholders and companies to provide solutions to the existing environmental challenges that can be mediated through adopting new technologies. The novelty of this study is its depiction of Industry 4.0 and its technologies integrated with sustainable development goals to create a sustainable Industry 4.0 combining environmental protection and sustainability.

scholarly journals Raw materials curricula and sustainable development: Assessment of curricula towards the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-271
Author(s):  
Corina Pacher ◽  
George Valakas ◽  
Katerina Adam
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Development Assessment

The project Enhancing the skills of ESEE RM students towards the achievement of SDGs(EnActSDGs) aims to establish an action plan for the realignment of the current raw materials curricula of three universities in East and Southeast Europe towards the incorporation of the sustainable development principles into their educational programs. The action plan will be based on the educational needs of the raw materials sector as defined by academia and students, industry, and professionals. The authors present a preliminary assessment of the three universities’ study programs by using a set of assessment criteria defined in cooperation with selected stakeholders.

scholarly journals A Review of Alternative Procedures to the Bond Ball Mill Standard Grindability Test

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1114
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nikolić ◽  
Gloria G. García ◽  
Alfredo L. Coello-Velázquez ◽  
Juan M. Menéndez-Aguado ◽  
Milan Trumić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Computation Techniques ◽  
Work Index ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Bond Work Index ◽  
Alternative Procedures

Over the years, alternative procedures to the Bond grindability test have been proposed aiming to avoid the need for the standard mill or to reduce and simplify the grinding procedure. Some of them use the standard mill, while others are based on a non-standard mill or computation techniques. Therefore, papers targeting to propose a better alternative claim to improve validity, to reduce test duration, or to propose simpler and faster alternative methods for determining the Bond work index (wi). In this review paper, a compilation and critical analysis of selected proposals is performed, concluding that some of the short procedures could be useful for control purposes, while the simulation-based procedures could be interesting within a process digitalisation strategy.

scholarly journals The Future of Wood - towards circular bioeconomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Hetemäki ◽  
Robert Nasi ◽  
Marc Palahi ◽  
Paolo Cerutti ◽  
Kai Mausch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Global South ◽  
The Future ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Tackle Climate Change

In summary, there are great opportunities to better use wood as a non-fossil fuel-based raw materials and tackle climate change, as well as to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. However, there is an urgent need to invest in more research on how this could be best implemented in a sustainable way and in different regions, especially in the global South.

scholarly journals Systemic Analysis of the Contributions of Co-Located Industrial Symbiosis to Achieve Sustainable Development in an Industrial Park in Northern Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5802
Author(s):  
Carmen Ruiz-Puente ◽  
Daniel Jato-Espino
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Industrial Symbiosis ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Main Activity

Resource efficiency is a strategy with great potential to make progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), since it can contribute to meeting a variety of economic, environmental and social targets. In this context, this investigation developed a systemic analysis of co-located Industrial Symbiosis (IS) synergies in an industrial park formed of four companies. To this end, public data showing that the main activity in this park concerned materials, water and steam flows were supported with short visits to the companies for verification purposes. Then, the effects of nine exchange and twelve share synergies were analysed at different scales according to their impacts on sustainable development. The changes caused by these synergies in the flows in the industrial park enabled saving more than 10 k tonnes of raw materials and waste disposal and almost 10 Mm3 of raw water per year, as well as six auxiliary service systems. In the end, these figures might be translated into more than 200 kt CO2 eq. and EUR 6M saved per year, which in turn corresponds to 0.05% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the region in which the park is located. In terms of sustainable development, these modifications were translated into contributions to nine SDGs and 14 of their specific targets, proving the domino effect associated with the application of IS policies by governments and public entities.

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