Actuation of Flexible Membranes via Capillary Force: Single-Active-Surface Experiments

Conventional approaches to microscale actuation, such as electrostatic, have difficulty in achieving large motion at moderate voltages. Recently, actuators relying on the active control of capillary pressure have been demonstrated, with the pressure change caused by electrowetting on a pair of opposing surfaces. In this work, experimental results are presented from five prototype devices in which only a single active surface is used. The results demonstrate that pressure changes induced in a liquid bridge in this manner can produce large deflections (15 μm) of a flexible membrane. Voltages employed in the tests were moderate (≤25 V). The influence of several design variables, such as membrane diameter and thickness, on the membrane deflection are examined. Theoretical predictions are also presented and generally follow the experimental values. Potential sources for the discrepancies between theory and experimental results are discussed. While deflections obtained using a single active surface are not as large as those obtained with two active surfaces, single-active-surface configurations offer a simple route to achieving adequate deflections for lab-on-a-chip microsystems.

Download Full-text

Experimental Buckling Capacity of Multiple-Culm Bamboo Columns

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.51 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 517 ◽

pp. 51-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michael J. Richard ◽

Kent A. Harries

Keyword(s):

Euler Equation ◽

Lateral Loading ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Effective Length ◽

Ultimate Capacity ◽

Composite Column ◽

Effective Length Factor ◽

End Conditions ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Experimental Values

This paper presents the experimental results of an on-going study investigating the buckling capacity of single-culm and multiple-culm bamboo column elements. Four single-culm columns of species Bambusa Stenostachya were tested to obtain single-culm column capacities as well as control tests to determine the behaviour of short-doweled end-conditions. Three multiple-culm columns were then tested in order to investigate the ultimate capacity and buckling behaviour of these elements. Specifically of interest wasthe effect of bamboo stitching on improving column behaviour in the bamboo culms. Experimental values were compared with theoretical predictions for buckling capacity using the Euler equation. The behaviour of multiple-culm columns was shown to exhibit load redistribution and to mimic the sum of individual culm capacities rather than composite column behaviour. Stitching was shown to be beneficial in enforcing column geometry yet detrimental through introduction of lateral loading to culms. Finally, the apparent effective length factor K was shown to be closer to K=1 than to the value obtained from control tests of the designed end condition.

Download Full-text

The non-coincidence effect in highly diluted acetone—CCl4 binary mixtures I. Experimental results and theoretical predictions

Molecular Physics ◽

10.1080/00268979709482077 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 97-104

Author(s):

M. MUSSO ◽

M.G. GIORGINI ◽

G. DOGE ◽

A. ASENBAUM

Keyword(s):

Binary Mixtures ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Coincidence Effect

Download Full-text

Heart Rate Signal Decomposition

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1634264 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 39 (02) ◽

pp. 200-203

Author(s):

H. Mizuta ◽

K. Yana

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Pressure Change ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Signal Decomposition ◽

Large Individual ◽

Heart Rate Fluctuations ◽

Type Pattern ◽

Signal Cancellation ◽

Pressure Changes

Abstract:This paper proposes a method for decomposing heart rate fluctuations into background, respiratory and blood pressure oriented fluctuations. A signal cancellation scheme using the adaptive RLS algorithm has been introduced for canceling respiration and blood pressure oriented changes in the heart rate fluctuations. The computer simulation confirmed the validity of the proposed method. Then, heart rate fluctuations, instantaneous lung volume and blood pressure changes are simultaneously recorded from eight normal subjects aged 20-24 years. It was shown that after signal decomposition, the power spectrum of the heart rate showed a consistent monotonic 1/fa type pattern. The proposed method enables a clear interpretation of heart rate spectrum removing uncertain large individual variations due to the respiration and blood pressure change.

Download Full-text

Permeability of Musculoskeletal Tissues and Scaffolding Materials: Experimental Results and Theoretical Predictions

Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v31.i12.10 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 31 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Edward A. Sander ◽

Eric A. Nauman

Keyword(s):

Experimental Results ◽

Musculoskeletal Tissues ◽

Theoretical Predictions

Download Full-text

An Additive Model to Predict the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Blends Made by Virgin and Reprocessed Components

Recycling ◽

10.3390/recycling6010002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Francesco Paolo La Mantia ◽

Maria Chiara Mistretta ◽

Vincenzo Titone

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Model ◽

Industrial Process ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Experimental Values ◽

Polypropylene Blends ◽

Polypropylene Sample

In this work, an additive model for the prediction of the rheological and mechanical properties of monopolymer blends made by virgin and reprocessed components is proposed. A polypropylene sample has been reprocessed more times in an extruder and monopolymer blends have been prepared by simulating an industrial process. The scraps are exposed to regrinding and are melt reprocessed before mixing with the virgin polymer. The reprocessed polymer is, then, subjected to some thermomechanical degradation. Rheological and mechanical experimental data have been compared with the theoretical predictions. The results obtained showed that the values of this simple additive model are a very good fit for the experimental values of both rheological and mechanical properties.

Download Full-text

Quantitative Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on the Interaction of Shock Waves with Magnetic Fields

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1969-1002 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 1449-1457

Author(s):

H. Klingenberg ◽

F. Sardei ◽

W. Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Fields ◽

Shock Waves ◽

Physical Model ◽

Spectroscopic Method ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Dimensional Theory ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Theoretical Investigations ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Interaction Of Shock Waves

Abstract In continuation of the work on interaction between shock waves and magnetic fields 1,2 the experiments reported here measured the atomic and electron densities in the interaction region by means of an interferometric and a spectroscopic method. The transient atomic density was also calculated using a one-dimensional theory based on the work of Johnson3 , but modified to give an improved physical model. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical predictions.

Download Full-text

Experimental study of the $ \gamma p \rightarrow K^{0}\Sigma^{+}$, $ \gamma n \rightarrow K^{0} \Lambda$, and $ \gamma n \rightarrow K^{0} \Sigma^{0}$ reactions at the Mainz Microtron

The European Physical Journal A ◽

10.1140/epja/i2019-12924-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. S. Akondi ◽

K. Bantawa ◽

D. M. Manley ◽

S. Abt ◽

P. Achenbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Differential Cross ◽

Legendre Polynomials ◽

Neutral Kaon ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Differential Cross Sections ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Photoproduction Reactions ◽

Insight Into

Abstract.This work measured $ \mathrm{d}\sigma/\mathrm{d}\Omega$dσ/dΩ for neutral kaon photoproduction reactions from threshold up to a c.m. energy of 1855MeV, focussing specifically on the $ \gamma p\rightarrow K^0\Sigma^+$γp→K0Σ+, $ \gamma n\rightarrow K^0\Lambda$γn→K0Λ, and $ \gamma n\rightarrow K^0 \Sigma^0$γn→K0Σ0 reactions. Our results for $ \gamma n\rightarrow K^0 \Sigma^0$γn→K0Σ0 are the first-ever measurements for that reaction. These data will provide insight into the properties of $ N^{\ast}$N* resonances and, in particular, will lead to an improved knowledge about those states that couple only weakly to the $ \pi N$πN channel. Integrated cross sections were extracted by fitting the differential cross sections for each reaction as a series of Legendre polynomials and our results are compared with prior experimental results and theoretical predictions.

Download Full-text

A Technique for the Laboratory Determination of Recirculation in Single Needle Dialysis

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/039139889301600202 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 63-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N.A. Hoenich ◽

P.T. Smirthwaite ◽

C. Woffindin ◽

P. Lancaster ◽

T.H. Frost ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Experimental Results ◽

New Technique ◽

Treatment Efficiency ◽

Single Lumen ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Lumen Catheter ◽

A New Technique

Recirculation is an important factor in single needle dialysis and, if high, can compromise treatment efficiency. To provide information regarding recirculation characteristics of access devices used in single needle dialysis, we have developed a new technique to characterise recirculation and have used this to measure the recirculation of a Terumo 15G fistula needle and a VasCath SC2300 single lumen catheter. The experimentally obtained results agreed well with those established clinically (8.5 ± 2.4% and 18.4 ± 3.4%). The experimental results have also demonstrated a dependence on access type, pump speeds and fistula flow rate. A comparison of experimental data with theoretical predictions showed that the latter exceeded those measured with the largest contribution being due to the experimental fistula.

Download Full-text

Accommodation and Convergence in the Human Eye

Measurement and Control ◽

10.1177/002029406900200305 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. T29-T33 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

F. M. Toates

Keyword(s):

Control Systems ◽

Control Model ◽

Monocular Vision ◽

Experimental Results ◽

After Effects ◽

Human Eye ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Accommodative Convergence ◽

Effect Of Age

The control systems of accommodation and convergence in the human eye are theoretically examined, together with their interactions which represent accommodative convergence and convergence induced accommodation. A control model is proposed in order to help to understand the system, and it is used to make predictions concerning accommodation and convergence placed in conflict, monocular vision, fusional after-effects and the effect of age and drugs on accommodation and accommodative convergence. In each case the theoretical predictions are compared with established experimental results.

Download Full-text