scholarly journals The ACC-Deaminase Producing Bacterium Variovorax sp. CT7.15 as a Tool for Improving Calicotome villosa Nodulation and Growth in Arid Regions of Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khouloud Bessadok ◽  
Salvadora Navarro-Torre ◽  
Eloísa Pajuelo ◽  
Enrique Mateos-Naranjo ◽  
Susana Redondo-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Arid Soils ◽  
16S Rdna Gene ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Pioneer Plants ◽  
High Level ◽  
Legume Growth ◽  
South Tunisia

Calicotome villosa is a spontaneous Mediterranean legume that can be a good candidate as pioneer plants to limit regression of vegetation cover and loss of biodiversity in Tunisian arid soils. In order to grow legumes in such soils, pairing rhizobia and nodule associated bacteria (NAB) might provide numerous advantages. In this work, cultivable biodiversity of rhizobial symbionts and NAB in nodules of C. villosa plants growing in five arid regions of south Tunisia was characterized. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA gene, dnak, recA and nodD sequences separated nodule-forming bacteria in six clades associated to genera Ensifer, Neorhizobium, Phyllobacterium and Rhizobium. Among NAB, the strain Variovorax sp. CT7.15 was selected due to its capacity to solubilise phosphate and, more interestingly, its high level of aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase) activity. C. villosa plants were inoculated with representative rhizobia of each phylogenetic group and co-inoculated with the same rhizobia and strain CT7.15. Compared with single rhizobia inoculation, co-inoculation significantly improved plant growth and nodulation, ameliorated plant physiological state and increased nitrogen content in the plants, independently of the rhizobia used. These results support the benefits of pairing rhizobia and selected NAB to promote legume growth in arid or degraded soils.

INFLUENCE OF HIGH-PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE MEAT BULL-CALVES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Батырхан Абилов ◽  
Batyrkhan Abilov ◽  
Лариса Пашкова ◽  
Larisa Pashkova
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Economic Indices ◽  
High Level

The article presents the data obtained as a result of carrying by employees of the Research Institute of sheep and goat breeding, a branch of the FSBSI "North Caucasus FARC", the scientific and economic experience to study the efficiency of a new fodder additive "Organic" on the productive and physiological indices of bull-calves during the completion of growing in the conditions of the farm "Pata" agricultural enterprise in the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic. The statement of the experience and all researches were carried out according to generally accepted methods. In the course of the experiment, the following indices were studied: the chemical compound of forages, the dynamics of a live weight gain in the experimental stock, hematological parameters, control slaughter data, economic indices. Completed researches have shown positive result from the use of the fodder additive "Organic" in bull-calves diets: an increase in the average daily gain of live weight by 25%, a slaughter yield by 1% and a high level of profitability – 27%. Thus, the additional introduction of "Organic" in a diet of young horned cattle in the 2nd experimental group promoted more intensive metabolism, stabilization of a physiological state, increase in productivity and, as a consequence, profitability of beef production. Researches in this direction reveal the latent fodder reserves promoting increase in the productivity of agricultural animals.

scholarly journals Invertase and sucrose synthase activities in coffee plants sprayed with sucrose solution

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos da Silva ◽  
José Donizeti Alves ◽  
Amauri Alves de Alvarenga ◽  
Marcelo Murad Magalhães ◽  
Dárlan Einstein do Livramento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
High Level

One management practice of which the efficiency has not yet been scientifically tested is spraying coffee plants with diluted sucrose solutions as a source of carbon for the plant. This paper evaluates the effect of foliar spraying with sugar on the endogenous level of carbohydrates and on the activities of invertase and sucrose synthase in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings with reduced (low) and high (normal) levels of carbon reserve. The concentrations used were 0.5 and 1.0% sucrose, and water as a control. The use of sucrose at 1.0% caused an increase in the concentration of total soluble sugars in depauperate plants, as well as increased the activity of the following enzymes: cell wall and vacuole acid invertase, neutral cytosol invertase and sucrose synthase. In plants with high level of carbon reserve, no increments in total soluble sugar levels or in enzymatic activity were observed. Regardless of treatments or plants physiological state, no differences in transpiration or stomatal conductance were observed, demonstrating the stomatal control of transpiration. Photosynthesis was stimulated with the use of 0.5 and 1.0 % sucrose only in depauperate plants. Coffee seedling spraying with sucrose is only efficient for depauperate plants, at the concentration of 1.0%.

scholarly journals Silencing of natural transformation by an RNA chaperone and a multitarget small RNA

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (31) ◽  
pp. 8813-8818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Attaiech ◽  
Aïda Boughammoura ◽  
Céline Brochier-Armanet ◽  
Omran Allatif ◽  
Flora Peillard-Fiorente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Natural Transformation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Uptake System ◽  
Dna Uptake ◽  
Exogenous Dna ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
High Level

A highly conserved DNA uptake system allows many bacteria to actively import and integrate exogenous DNA. This process, called natural transformation, represents a major mechanism of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) involved in the acquisition of virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants. Despite evidence of HGT and the high level of conservation of the genes coding the DNA uptake system, most bacterial species appear non-transformable under laboratory conditions. In naturally transformable species, the DNA uptake system is only expressed when bacteria enter a physiological state called competence, which develops under specific conditions. Here, we investigated the mechanism that controls expression of the DNA uptake system in the human pathogenLegionella pneumophila. We found that a repressor of this system displays a conserved ProQ/FinO domain and interacts with a newly characterizedtrans-acting sRNA, RocR. Together, they target mRNAs of the genes coding the DNA uptake system to control natural transformation. This RNA-based silencing represents a previously unknown regulatory means to control this major mechanism of HGT. Importantly, these findings also show that chromosome-encoded ProQ/FinO domain-containing proteins can assisttrans-acting sRNAs and that this class of RNA chaperones could play key roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation throughout bacterial species.

scholarly journals HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF AUSTRALIAN RED-CLAW CRAYFISH HEMOLYMPH

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Lina Yurievna Lagutkina ◽  
Elena Evgrafova ◽  
Evgeniia Germanovna Kuzmina ◽  
Alexey Mikhaylovich Mazlov
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Astacus Leptodactylus ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Cherax Quadricarinatus ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Red Claw Crayfish ◽  
High Level ◽  
Australian Freshwater

The article describes Australian red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, which is currently one of the most promising cultivation targets. However, to increase production volumes, it is necessary to improve cultivation technologies, which should be based on the data of physiological and biochemical parameters. An objective method for monitoring the physiological state of Australian red claw crayfish in the artificial conditions is determining its hematological and biochemical indicators that complement the general characteristics of hemolymph and later define its physiological norm. When giving the objects the compound feed, which the authors produced by their own recipe, there was recorded a high level of total hemolymph protein of 40.8 ± 4.5 g/l. According to the results of biochemical research, the cholesterol content in the hemolymph of Australian crayfish was 3.2 ± 0.6 mmol/l, and the concentration of lipoproteins was 0.8 ± 0.2 g/l (levels within the reference values). When considering the hemogram of hemolymph there were found the dominant types and linear dimensions of native formed elements. The diameter of agranulocytes in Australian freshwater crayfish varied from 85 to 90 μm, semi-granulocytes - from 90 to 95 μm, granulocytes - from 65 to 78 μm, transparent cells differed by greater variability in size, which ranged from 85 to 120 μm. The part of granulocytes in relation to other shaped elements exceeded 50%, for transparent cells it turned out to be above 20%, for semi-granulocytes - about 15% and for agranulocytes - about 5%, which means that the latter form the rarest group. The established ratios are specific for Cherax quadricarinatus, its hemocytic characteristics greatly differs from Astacus leptodactylus, which is the main object of comparative research. The results of comparative analysis of the cellular composition of the hemolymph of the Australian freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868) demonstrate the taxonomic specificity of this representative of freshwater aquaculture

scholarly journals Activation of metabolic and stress responses during subtoxic expression of the type I toxin hok in Erwinia amylovora

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu Peng ◽  
Lindsay R. Triplett ◽  
George Sundin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Membrane Rupture ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, abundant in prokaryotes, are composed of a toxin gene and its cognate antitoxin. Several toxins are implied to affect the physiological state and stress tolerance of bacteria in a population. We previously identified a chromosomally encoded hok-sok type I TA system in Erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight disease on pome fruit trees. A high-level induction of the hok gene was lethal to E. amylovora cells through unknown mechanisms. The molecular targets or regulatory roles of Hok were unknown.Results: Here, we examined the physiological and transcriptomic changes of Erwinia amylovora cells expressing hok at subtoxic levels that were confirmed to confer no cell death, and at toxic levels that resulted in killing of cells. In both conditions, hok caused membrane rupture and collapse of the proton motive force in a subpopulation of E. amylovora cells. We demonstrated that induction of hok resulted in upregulation of ATP biosynthesis genes, and caused leakage of ATP from cells only at toxic levels. We showed that overexpression of the phage shock protein gene pspA largely reversed the cell death phenotype caused by high levels of hok induction. We also showed that induction of hok at a subtoxic level rendered a greater proportion of stationary phase E. amylovora cells tolerant to the antibiotic streptomycin. Conclusions: We characterized the molecular mechanism of toxicity by high-level of hok induction and demonstrated that low-level expression of hok primes the stress responses of E. amylovora against further membrane and antibiotic stressors.

scholarly journals Activation of metabolic and stress responses during subtoxic expression of the type I toxin hok in Erwinia amylovora

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu Peng ◽  
Lindsay R. Triplett ◽  
George W. Sundin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Membrane Rupture ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, abundant in prokaryotes, are composed of a toxin gene and its cognate antitoxin. Several toxins are implied to affect the physiological state and stress tolerance of bacteria in a population. We previously identified a chromosomally encoded hok-sok type I TA system in Erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight disease on pome fruit trees. A high-level induction of the hok gene was lethal to E. amylovora cells through unknown mechanisms. The molecular targets or regulatory roles of Hok were unknown. Results Here, we examined the physiological and transcriptomic changes of Erwinia amylovora cells expressing hok at subtoxic levels that were confirmed to confer no cell death, and at toxic levels that resulted in killing of cells. In both conditions, hok caused membrane rupture and collapse of the proton motive force in a subpopulation of E. amylovora cells. We demonstrated that induction of hok resulted in upregulation of ATP biosynthesis genes, and caused leakage of ATP from cells only at toxic levels. We showed that overexpression of the phage shock protein gene pspA largely reversed the cell death phenotype caused by high levels of hok induction. We also showed that induction of hok at a subtoxic level rendered a greater proportion of stationary phase E. amylovora cells tolerant to the antibiotic streptomycin. Conclusions We characterized the molecular mechanism of toxicity by high-level of hok induction and demonstrated that low-level expression of hok primes the stress responses of E. amylovora against further membrane and antibiotic stressors.

scholarly journals An annotated checklist slime molds (Myxomycetes = Myxogastrea) of western Kazakhstan

Karstenia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 168-189
Author(s):  
Inna Zemlyanskaya ◽  
Yuri Novozhilov ◽  
Martin Schnittler
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
High Level ◽  
Annotated Checklist

Winter-cold arid regions of western Kazakhstan were surveyed for myxomycetes for a period of 20 years. A total of 3228 records belonging to 111 species from 31 genera and 10 families are provided in an annotated checklist. The checklist contains data on the localities, habitats, substrates, methods of collection and voucher numbers of specimens deposited in the mycological herbarium (LE) of the V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Additionally the bibliographic references of the myxomycete species findings in the study area are given. Due to the very arid climate of the region, 2911 specimens (ca. 90%) were obtained from 1653 moist chamber cultures prepared with samples taken from bark of living plants, litter and the weathered dung of herbivorous animals. Only 317 specimens of myxomycetes were collected directly in the field, mostly in woody artificial plantations. The lowest species diversity was observed in habitats with halophytic vegetation, where on average only 1–2 species were recorded per moist chamber culture. Only <em>Perichaena depressa</em> and <em>P. liceoides</em> were common under such conditions. The highest diversity of myxomycetes was observed in the intrazonal woody communities of the steppe zone, which are usually associated with river valleys and artificial woody plantations. In these habitats lignicolous species occurred: <em>Amaurochaete atra</em>, <em>Arcyria obvelata</em>, <em>Cribraria cancellata</em>, <em>Lamproderma scintillans</em>, <em>Lycogala epidendrum</em>, <em>Metatrichia vesparia</em>, <em>Oligonema flavidum</em>, <em>Stemonitis axifera</em>, <em>S. fusca</em>, <em>S. herbatica</em>, <em>S.pallida</em>, <em>Symphytocarpus confluens</em>, and <em>Trichia contorta</em>. However, the apparently most common species of myxomycetes in the studied area are associated with litter or bark: <em>Badhamia foliicola</em>, <em>B. spinispora</em>, <em>Didymium anellus</em>, <em>D. difforme</em>, <em>D. trachysporum</em>, <em>Echinostelium colliculosum</em>, <em>Fuligo cinerea</em>, <em>Licea denudescens</em>, <em>L. nannengae</em>, <em>L. parasitica</em>, <em>Macbrideola oblonga</em>, <em>Pericaena depressa</em>, <em>P. corticalis</em>, <em>P. liceoides</em>, <em>P. vermicularis</em>, <em>Physarum cinereum</em>, and <em>Ph. pseudonotabile</em>. Among substrate types, species diversity and richness decrease from wood over ground litter to bark, and dung of herbivorous animals. Shannon diversity and species richness reached maximum values in the intrazonal and artificial woody communities, whereas treeless sagebrush desert and dry steppe communities and, halophytic vegetation had the most depauperate yet most specific myxomycete assemblages. Assemblages associated with these vegetation types displayed a high level of similarity to those of myxomycete assemblages from other arid regions of Kazakhstan and Central Asia. In contrast, assemblages of the artificial woody plantations in the study region displayed a high level of similarity to those of boreal forest regions of Siberia for which data exist, but differed from the assemblages documented from treeless desert and steppe regions of Eurasia.

scholarly journals Bacterial vaginosis: drivers of recurrence and challenges and opportunities in partner treatment

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka A. Vodstrcil ◽  
Christina A. Muzny ◽  
Erica L. Plummer ◽  
Jack D. Sobel ◽  
Catriona S. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
High Level

AbstractBacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal dysbiosis to affect women globally, yet an unacceptably high proportion of women experience BV recurrence within 6 months of recommended antibiotic therapy. The low rate of sustained cure highlights our limited understanding of the pathogenesis of BV recurrence, which has been attributed to possible persistence and re-emergence of BV-associated bacteria (BVAB) or a BV-associated biofilm following antimicrobials and/or reinfection occurring from sexual partners.There is a robust body of evidence to support the exchange of bacteria between partners during sexual activity, and while the hypothesis that women treated for BV are subsequently reinfected with BVAB following sex with an untreated sexual partner is not new, failure of past partner treatment trials has eroded confidence in this concept. If reinfection is a key driver of recurrence, current antimicrobial regimens directed to women alone are unlikely to achieve a high level of sustained cure, and the approach of partner treatment to reduce reinfection is justified. In this manuscript, we present the molecular and epidemiological evidence that underlies the hypothesis that BV is sexually transmitted, and summarise why research that continues to consider sexual partnerships is necessary. We also outline the significant barriers and challenges that we have identified while undertaking partner treatment studies, and we discuss the factors that impact on our ability to determine their effectiveness.Ultimately, the pathogenesis of BV recurrence is likely to be multifaceted and not attributable to a single mechanism in all women. If we are to achieve sustained cure for women, it is likely that combined and individualised approaches to eradicate BVAB, support an optimal vaginal microbiome, and prevent reinfection from partners will be required.

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