Probiotics with estriol in the treatment of acute and recurrent vaginal and vulvar infections in women

The microbiome undergoes qualitative and quantitative changes at different times in a woman’s life, and their nature is due to many factors such as age, sexual activity, comorbidities, etc. As a result, vaginal dryness and inflammation can occur in the vagina. This problem is most important during the menopausal period, when estrogen secretion decreases – this induces a cascade of unfavorable biological effects. We can prevent them by adding probiotics to the standard menopausal hormonotherapy. Adding probiotics restore and maintain the proper microbiological condition of the vagina. The use of probiotics reduces the risk of developing ailments that require antibiotic therapy, which is also detrimental to the vaginal microbiome.

Influence of Maternal Microbiome and Inflammatory Response in Preterm Birth: Recent Aspects of the Prevention of Preterm Birth

Preterm birth (PTB) is a global health issue and one of the most challenging problems affecting 12.9 million births worldwide. PTB is a multi-etiological disease and remains incompletely understood. The major cause of PTB is infection or inflammation and disruption of the vaginal microbiome, which affects the maternal immunologic response leading to PTB. The vaginal microbiome composition changes by a shift in the community are typically dominated by Lactobacillus during pregnancy. There are complex interactions between the maternal microbiome in pregnancy and the development of PTB, therefore, researchers have struggled to connect the maternal microbiome with the dysregulation of the maternal immune response in cases of PTB. The host microbiome affects alterations of the microorganisms with external stimuli such as disease, nutrition, immunity, and behavior. In this review, we discuss the complex association between the maternal microbiome and the risk of PTB and also focus on recent aspects of the prevention of PTB.