scholarly journals Plant Health and Rhizosphere Microbiome: Effects of the Bionematicide Aphanocladium album in Tomato Plants Infested by Meloidogyne javanica

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Claudia Leoni ◽  
Elisabetta Piancone ◽  
Nicola Sasanelli ◽  
Giovanni Luigi Bruno ◽  
Caterina Manzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbiome ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Aphanocladium Album

The artificial introduction in the soil of antagonistic microorganisms can be a successful strategy, alternative to agrochemicals, for the control of the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and for preserving plant health. On the other hand, plant roots and the associated rhizosphere constitute a complex system in which the contribution of microbial community is fundamental to plant health and development, since microbes may convert organic and inorganic substances into available plant nutrients. In the present study, the potential nematicidal activity of the biopesticide Aphanocladium album (A. album strain MX-95) against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in infected tomato plants was investigated. Specifically, the effect of the A. album treatment on plant fitness was evaluated observing the plant morphological traits and also considering the nematode propagation parameters, the A. album MX-95 vitality and population density. In addition, the treatment effects on the rhizosphere microbiome were analysed by a metabarcoding procedure. Treatments with A. album isolate MX-95 significantly decreased root gall severity index and soil nematode population. The treatment also resulted in increased rhizosphere microbial populations. A. album MX-95 can be favourably considered as a new bionematicide to control M. javanica infestation.

scholarly journals Effect of coffee silver skin and brewers’ spent grain in the control of root-knot nematodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thligene ◽  
G. N. Mezzapesa ◽  
D. Mondelli ◽  
A. Trani ◽  
P. Veronico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Spent Grain

SummaryPlant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are important pests of numerous agricultural crops especially vegetables, able to cause remarkable yield losses correlated to soil nematode population densities at sowing or transplant. The concern on environmental risks, stemming from the use of chemical pesticides acting as nematicides, compels to their replacement with more sustainable pest control strategies. To verify the effect of aqueous extracts of the agro-industry waste coffee silverskin (CS) and brewers’ spent grain (BSG) on the widespread root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and on the physiology of tomato plants, a pot experiment was carried out in a glasshouse at 25 ± 2 °C. The possible phytotoxicity of CS and BSG extracts was assessed on garden cress seeds. Tomato plants (landrace of Apulia Region) were transplanted in an artificial nematode infested soil with an initial population density of 3.17 eggs and juveniles/mL soil. CS and BSG were applied at rates of 50 and 100 % (1L/pot). Untreated and Fenamiphos EC 240 (nematicide) (0.01 μL a.i./mL soil) treated plants were used as controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chlorophyll content of tomato plants were estimated during the experiment. CS extract, at both doses, significantly reduced nematode population in comparison to the untreated control, although it was less effective than Fenamiphos. BSG extract did not reduce final nematode population compared to the control. Ten days after the first treatment, CS 100 %, BSG 50 % and BSG 100% elicited the highest ROS values, which considerably affected the growth of tomato plants in comparison to the untreated plants. The control of these pests is meeting with difficulties because of the current national and international regulations in force, which are limiting the use of synthetic nematicides. Therefore, CS extracts could assume economic relevance, as alternative products to be used in sustainable strategies for nematode management.

scholarly journals Adaptive response to olive cultivation in a generalist parasitic nematode (Meloidogyne javanica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-368
Author(s):  
Elodie Chapuis ◽  
Nadeen Ali ◽  
Camille Noûs ◽  
Guillaume Besnard
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Asexual Parasite ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Wild Progenitors

Abstract Cultivated plants usually differ from their wild progenitors in several morphological and/or physiological traits. Their microbe communities might also differ because of adaptation to new conditions related to cultivation. To test this hypothesis, we investigated morphological traits in a parthenogenetic root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) from natural and agricultural environments. Seventeen populations of M. javanica were sampled on cultivated and wild olives in Morocco, then maintained in controlled conditions for a ‘common garden’ experiment. We estimated the genetic variation based on three traits (stylet size, neck width and body width) by a quantitative genetic design (ten families per population and nine individuals per family were measured), and molecular variation was investigated with a mitochondrial marker to identify the genetic lineages of nematode isolates sampled from wild and cultivated olives. Significant morphological differences were detected between individuals from wild vs. cultivated hosts for the three traits, whereas no phylogenetic clustering was observed among isolates collected on those two hosts. Our results thus suggest an adaptive response of the asexual parasite, possibly related to the deep modification of soil nematode communities between natural olive stands and orchards.

Nematicidal activity of essential oil components against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Oka
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
Shoot Weight

AbstractNematicidal activity of eight essential oil components; trans -anethole, anis alcohol, p-anisaldehyde, benzaldehyde, 4-methoxyphenol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, (R)-(+)-pulegone, 2-furaldehyde, and a non-essential oil component anisole, was tested against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in solutions in 200-ml and 3-l pots and in microplots. Among the anisole derivatives, p-anisaldehyde showed the highest nematicidal activity in solutions and in soil. However, trans-cinnamaldehyde, 2-furaldehyde and benzaldehyde showed higher nematicidal activity than p-anisaldehyde in the 3-l pot experiments. EC50 values of trans-cinnamaldehyde for juvenile immobilisation and hatching inhibition in vitro were as low as 15 and 11.3 μl/l, respectively. In the 3-l pot experiments, trans-cinnamaldehyde, 2-furaldehyde, benzaldehyde and carvacrol at a concentration of 100 mg/kg greatly reduced the root galling of tomato, whereas trans-anethole was not effective. In a microplot experiment, soil treatment with trans-cinnamaldehyde (50 ml/m2) reduced the galling index and increased the shoot weight of tomato plants. Although further experiments, such as development of formulations and application methods, are needed, some essential oil components, especially aldehydes, can be developed into lowtoxicity nematicides.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effects of salicylic acid on Meloidogyne javanica reproduction in tomato plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Moslemi ◽  
Seddigheh Fatemy ◽  
Françoise Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Soil Drench

<p>Root-knot nematodes (<em>Meloidogyne</em> spp.), play a major role in loss of agricultural production<strong>. </strong>Natural substances<strong>,</strong> such as salicylic acid (SA) could possibly be involved in inducing host plant resistance against nematodes. The present study is concerned with exploring the effects of varying concentrations of SA as seed priming and soil drench on tomato growth parameters and the reproduction of the root-knot nematode <em>Meloidogyne javanica</em>. SA at 50 μM concentration caused only 2% of juvenile mortality under in vitro conditions. SA applied as 50 μM seed treatment caused 95% and, as a soil drench, 78% reduction in the number of egg masses that formed on tomato plants. The numbers of galls were reduced to a lesser extent. Final nematode density per gram of soil was reduced to less than 1 by the 50 μM SA seed treatment, and in other treatments decreased by between 70 and 88% compared with control plants. Our results indicate SA has potential to lower root knot nematode reproduction in tomato, and seed priming is a fairly easy method to work with.</p>

scholarly journals Sisal leaf decortication liquid residue for controlling Meloidogyne javanica in tomato plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josilda CA Damasceno ◽  
Ana CF Soares ◽  
Fábio N Jesus ◽  
Rosane S Sant'Ana
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Selective Effect ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Liquid Residue

The effect of sisal liquid residue (fresh and fermented) was evaluated in controlling the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato plants. Bioassays were conducted in vitro with 100 µL of an aqueous suspension containing 300 juveniles (J2) of M. javanica and 1000 µL of sisal liquid residue. The treatments consisted of nematode immersion for 24 and 48 hours in sisal liquid residue, fresh or fermented, diluted in water to the final concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20%, and nematicide Carbofuran at 350 mg of the active ingredient per liter. Under greenhouse conditions, 4000 juveniles of M. javanica were inoculated on tomato plants grown in pots, and after one week, 100 mL of sisal liquid residue at concentrations of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%, were added to soil around the tomato plants. Control treatments received either 100 mL of distilled water or 0.5 g of Carbofuran per pot. Forty days after inoculation, plants were harvested and evaluated for plant growth and root damage. In addition, the selective effect of sisal liquid residue on growth of beneficial soil microorganisms was evaluated. All concentrations of sisal liquid residue presented nematicidal effect, after 48 h of nematode exposure. A mortality rate of 100% was obtained for M. javanica juveniles exposed to liquid residue at a concentration of 20%. Application of increasing concentrations of both sisal liquid residues reduced the number of galls and egg masses per plant and per gram of roots, as well as the final population of M. javanica in soil. Growth of beneficial soil microorganisms was observed in soil amended with sisal fresh liquid residue, for all concentrations tested. The fermented residue caused inhibition of soil beneficial microorganisms. Future studies should be conducted to test the nematicidal effect on tomato plants under field conditions.

Effect of a nitrification inhibitor on nematicidal activity of organic and inorganic ammonia-releasing compounds against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Oka ◽  
Shimon Pivonia
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Ph Values

AbstractThe nematicidal activities of ammonium hydroxide, chitin and cottonseed meal applied to soil were enhanced by nitrapyrin, a nitrification inhibitor, in pot experiments. In a field trial, root galling index of tomato plants grown in the soil treated with 250 kg NH4OH-N/ha in combination with nitrapyrin was lower than that of tomato plants grown without nitrapyrin 40 days after planting; however, there was no difference between these treatments in tomato yields and root galling indices at the end of the experiment (128 days). Nitrapyrin inhibited the nitrification of the ammonium added to the soil or released from cottonseed meal for up to 28 days, and kept ammonium concentrations and soil pH values higher for longer periods compared with those in soils treated without nitrapyrin. It is suggested that higher ammonia (NH3) concentrations due to high soil pH and ammonium concentrations in the soil for longer periods caused the enhancement of nematicidal activities by nitrapyrin. The use of ammonia-releasing compounds in combination with a nitrification inhibitor may make nematode control more feasible by reducing the amount of amendments applied.

scholarly journals Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Javanica) and Tomato As Affected By Hydrogen Peroxide

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muwaffaq Karajeh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Inoculation Time ◽  
Plant Inoculation

Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Javanica) and Tomato As Affected By Hydrogen PeroxideThe effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on root-knot nematode (RKN,Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato was investigated. Soil drenching with exogenous H2O2was done using seven H2O2concentrations (1, 10, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mM) at different application times (24 hours before the time of plant inoculation with the RKN (T1), at the time of inoculation (T2), and 24 hours after the inoculation time (T3). The nematode reproduction rate (eggs/g fresh root) was significantly reduced in all H2O2treatments compared with the untreated control. The lowest reduction in nematode reproduction occurred at 10 mM H2O2. The application times T1 and T2 were significantly higher in reducing the reproduction rate than T3 at 250, 750 and 1000 mM H2O2. The content of endogenous H2O2in the treated plants was significantly higher than in the non-treated plants. Some phytotoxicity was apparent at the higher concentrations of H2O2(≥ 500 mM) in the treated plants due to the accumulation of the endogenous H2O2. The treatments with 1 and 10 mM H2O2did not differ from the untreated control in plant chlorophyll content while the content was significantly reduced at the higher concentrations. Exogenous application of H2O2may have a direct effect on the nematode reproduction and an indirect effect on the treated tomato plants that can be elicited by H2O2to resist the nematode infection.

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