Current Pretreatment/Cell Disruption and Extraction Methods Used to Improve Intracellular Lipid Recovery from Oleaginous Yeasts

The production of lipids from oleaginous yeasts involves several stages starting from cultivation and lipid accumulation, biomass harvesting and finally lipids extraction. However, the complex and relatively resistant cell wall of yeasts limits the full recovery of intracellular lipids and usually solvent extraction is not sufficient to effectively extract the lipid bodies. A pretreatment or cell disruption method is hence a prerequisite prior to solvent extraction. In general, there are no recovery methods that are equally efficient for different species of oleaginous yeasts. Each method adopts different mechanisms to disrupt cells and extract the lipids, thus a systematic evaluation is essential before choosing a particular method. In this review, mechanical (bead mill, ultrasonication, homogenization and microwave) and nonmechanical (enzyme, acid, base digestions and osmotic shock) methods that are currently used for the disruption or permeabilization of oleaginous yeasts are discussed based on their principle, application and feasibility, including their effects on the lipid yield. The attempts of using conventional and “green” solvents to selectively extract lipids are compared. Other emerging methods such as automated pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and simultaneous in situ lipid recovery using capturing agents are also reviewed to facilitate the choice of more effective lipid recovery methods.

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Assessment of Green Solvents and Extraction Methods for Biopesticide Preparation from Neem Azadirachta indica Leaves against Oriental Fruit Fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)

10.20944/preprints201805.0179.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Danila S. Paragas ◽

Kathlia Cruz ◽

Elaida R. Fiegalan

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Green Technology ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Green Solvents ◽

Active Components ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Neem Leaves

This study was conducted to search for green technology that can extract metabolites from neem leaves for use in the development of botanical pesticide against Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera:Tephritidae). Rice wine, rice wash, vinegar and distilled water were used as solvents and hot infusion, maceration, hot continuous reflux (Soxhlet), and fermentation were the methods employed. The different leaf extracts prepared by green technology were evaluated for their potentials as pesticide against B. dorsalis. Vinegar extract via Soxhlet extraction (V-S) for eight (8) h registered to have the highest mortality but not significantly different from vinegar - fermentation (V-F), rice wash - Soxhlet (RWa-S), vinegar - maceration (V-M), distilled water - fermentation (DW-F), and rice wash - fermentation (RWa-F) extracts. Phythochemicals present in the extracts are affected by the solvent-extraction interaction. Among the sixteen solvent-extraction interactions, the use of rice wash and fermentation is the most economical method in extracting the extracting the active components of neem leaves against B. dorsalis. Rice wash is a waste that can be utilized in the development of a biopesticide from neem leaves for pest management of B. dorsalis. This is the first report that rice wash is used as extracting solvent in green synthesis.

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Effect of different cell disruption methods on lipid yield of Schizochytrium sp.

10.22541/au.162389516.65563022/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mustafa Hac İsa ◽

Cansu Metin ◽

Ertan Ercan ◽

Yunus Alparslan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Osmotic Shock ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Cell Disruption ◽

Health Indices ◽

Lipid Yield ◽

Atherogenicity Index ◽

Total Fatty Acids ◽

Enzyme Application

In this study, it was investigated to increase the lipid yield of the microalgae Schizochytrium sp., by applying different cell disruption methods. Therefore, acid treatment with HCl, osmotic shock, enzyme applications and ultrasonic homogenizer were tried in this algae species combined with the Bligh and Dyer and Soxhlet methods as an alternative to classical lipid extraction methods. As a result of the study, the highest lipid value (21.72 ± 0.74%) was obtained in enzyme application with Bligh and Dyer method (BDE). The cell disruption processes increased the lipid yield compared to the control groups. The highest PUFA DHA was found in the range of 4.58 ± 2.44-19.25 ± 0.09%, and the highest value was observed in the BDE group. Highest SFA was palmitic acid. Effective results were observed in the Bligh and Dyer applied groups in terms of both total lipid and total fatty acids. In cell disruption methods, particularly in enzyme and HCl extraction, good results were obtained in terms of fatty acids. The highest total fatty acids and the highest lipid content were detected in the Bligh and Dyer enzyme (BDE). Enzyme applications are also advantageous because of being environmentally friendly. Lipid health indices such as n-6/n-3, PUFA/SFA, Atherogenicity index (AI), Thrombogenicity index (TI) and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratios (HH) were almost favorable. With this study, an appropriate lipid extraction methods were determined to provide an economical and environmental friendly suggestion for future studies to be used in areas such as food, feed and cosmetics.

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Comparison of Sorption and Extraction Methods for Recovery of Trace Organics from Water

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1983.0139 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 15 (6-7) ◽

pp. 149-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

V C Blok ◽

G P Slater ◽

E M Giblin

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Methylene Chloride ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Standard Mixture ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

Trace Organics ◽

Tenax Gc

Several commercially available adsorbents were compared with solvent extraction methods for their utility in recovering trace organics from water. The adsorbents examined included Amberlite XAD-2, XAD-4 and XAD-8, Ambersorb XE340 and XE348 and Tenax-GC. All were found to produce high artifact levels, even after extensive clean-up, making them unsuitable for the analysis of trace organics in water. Quantitatively, Likens-Nickerson or continuous liquid-liquid extraction with méthylene chloride gave better recoveries than the adsorbents. Qualitatively, extractive methods were preferred as they yielded much lower levels of impurities than the adsorbents. These methods of recovering trace organics were evaluated using a standard mixture of compounds added to the water at a level of 55 µg/l. Likens-Nickerson extraction gave comparable recoveries of this mixture at 55 µg/l and 11 µg/l.

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Technologies and Extraction Methods of Polyphenolic Compounds Derived from Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peels. A Mini Review

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9020236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 236

Author(s):

Dimitrios Lampakis ◽

Prodromos Skenderidis ◽

Stefanos Leontopoulos

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

New Technologies ◽

Ohmic Heating ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Added Value ◽

Green Solvents ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Functional Product

The interest in using plant by-product extracts as functional ingredients is continuously rising due to environmental and financial prospects. The development of new technologies has led to the achievement of aqueous extracts with high bioactivity that is preferable due to organic solvents nonuse. Recently, widely applied and emerging technologies, such as Simple Stirring, Pressure-Applied Extraction, Enzymatic Extraction, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Pulsed Electric Fields, High Hydrostatic Pressure, Ohmic Heating, Microwave Assistant Extraction and the use of “green” solvents such as the deep eutectic solvents, have been investigated in order to contribute to the minimization of disadvantages on the extraction of bioactive compounds. This review is focused on bioactive compounds derived from pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels and highlighted the most attractive extraction methods. It is believed that these findings could be a useful tool for the pomegranate juices industry to apply an effective and economically viable extraction process, transforming a by-product to a high added value functional product.

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Application of solvent pH under pressurized conditions using accelerated solvent extraction and green solvents to extract phytonutrients from wild berries

Food Bioscience ◽

10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101471 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101471

Author(s):

Amanda Rajakaruna ◽

Charles F. Manful ◽

Ibrahim M. Abu-Reidah ◽

Amber L. Critch ◽

Natalia P. Vidal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Accelerated Solvent Extraction ◽

Green Solvents ◽

Wild Berries

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THE ISOLATION OF FLAVOUR COMPOUNDS FROM FOODS BY ENHANCED SOLVENT EXTRACTION METHODS

Flavour Science ◽

10.1533/9781845698232.5.297 ◽

1996 ◽

pp. 297-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karl Ropkins ◽

Andrew J. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Flavour Compounds

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A dominant contribution to light absorption by methanol-insoluble brown carbon produced in the combustion of biomass fuels typically consumed in wildland fires in the United States

Environmental Science: Atmospheres ◽

10.1039/d1ea00065a ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Khairallah Atwi ◽

Charles Perrie ◽

Zezhen Cheng ◽

Omar El Hajj ◽

Rawad Saleh

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Solvent Extraction ◽

Light Absorption ◽

The United States ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Wildland Fires ◽

Dominant Contribution ◽

Biomass Fuels ◽

Absorption Properties ◽

Brown Carbon

The light-absorption properties of brown carbon (BrC) are often estimated using offline, solvent-extraction methods. However, recent studies have found evidence of insoluble species of BrC which are unaccounted for in...

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Extraction and Formulation of Perfume from Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass)

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v25i8.27 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 1461-1463

Author(s):

O.E. Ameh ◽

J.I. Achika ◽

N.M. Bello ◽

A.J. Owolaja

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Boiling Point ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Suitable Method ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Solvent Extraction Method

This work aimed to extract perfume from the leaves of Cymbopogon citratus using three extraction methods viz: distillation, solvent extraction and expression or effleurage. About 150 g of dried lemons grass were extracted using ethanol as the solvent to obtain essential oils required for the formulation of perfumes. The result of the hydrodistillation process showed that 1.23 g of essential oil per 130g of dry lemongrass produce 0.95% oil at 78 °C, while the effleurage method was 2.55 g of essential oil per 130 g of dry lemongrass sample thereby producing 1.96% oil yield. The solvent extraction method gave 2.7 g of essential oil per 130 g of dry lemongrass sample. This gives about 2.08 % yield of essential oil at a temperature of 78°C i.e. the boiling point of ethanol. The solvent extraction method yielded 2.08%, the effleuragemethod yielded 1.96% and the hydrodistillation method yielded 0.95% essential oil respectively. In conclusion, solvent extraction gave the highest yield because of less exposure to air and heat, which is highly recommended as the most suitable method for the extraction of essential oil.

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