scholarly journals Unraveling the Central Role of Sulfur-Oxidizing Acidiphilium multivorum LMS in Industrial Bioprocessing of Gold-Bearing Sulfide Concentrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 984
Author(s):  
Anna Panyushkina ◽  
Aleksandr Bulaev ◽  
Aleksandr V. Belyi
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Reduced Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizer ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Unique Strain ◽  
Sulfide Concentrates ◽  
Gold Bearing

Acidiphilium multivorum LMS is an acidophile isolated from industrial bioreactors during the processing of the gold-bearing pyrite-arsenopyrite concentrate at 38–42 °C. Most strains of this species are obligate organoheterotrophs that do not use ferrous iron or reduced sulfur compounds as energy sources. However, the LMS strain was identified as one of the predominant sulfur oxidizers in acidophilic microbial consortia. In addition to efficient growth under strictly heterotrophic conditions, the LMS strain proved to be an active sulfur oxidizer both in the presence or absence of organic compounds. Interestingly, Ac. multivorum LMS was able to succeed more common sulfur oxidizers in microbial populations, which indicated a previously underestimated role of this bacterium in industrial bioleaching operations. In this study, the first draft genome of the sulfur-oxidizing Ac. multivorum was sequenced and annotated. Based on the functional genome characterization, sulfur metabolism pathways were reconstructed. The LMS strain possessed a complicated multi-enzyme system to oxidize elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, sulfide, and sulfite to sulfate as the final product. Altogether, the phenotypic description and genome analysis unraveled a crucial role of Ac. multivorum in some biomining processes and revealed unique strain-specific characteristics, including the ars genes conferring arsenic resistance, which are similar to those of phylogenetically distinct microorganisms.

scholarly journals Sequencing of Coastal Lagoon Samples from the Piñones Lagoon, Puerto Rico, Reveals Important Role of Bacterial Sulfur Metabolism in the Lagoon Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola A. Aviles ◽  
John A. Kyndt
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
High Representation

This initial microbial analysis of the Piñones lagoon shows a high representation of sulfur-oxidizing Sulfurimonas and sulfur-reducing Sulfurospirillum bacteria. These species are likely responsible for maintaining sulfur homeostasis and prevent the buildup of toxic sulfur components, but may contribute to nitrogen buildup, in the mangrove ecosystem.

scholarly journals Biofilm Lithography enables high-resolution cell patterning via optogenetic adhesin expression

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (14) ◽  
pp. 3698-3703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Jin ◽  
Ingmar H. Riedel-Kruse
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Patterning ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Surface Pretreatment ◽  
Resolution Cell ◽  
Stimulation Of

Bacterial biofilms represent a promising opportunity for engineering of microbial communities. However, our ability to control spatial structure in biofilms remains limited. Here we engineerEscherichia coliwith a light-activated transcriptional promoter (pDawn) to optically regulate expression of an adhesin gene (Ag43). When illuminated with patterned blue light, long-term viable biofilms with spatial resolution down to 25 μm can be formed on a variety of substrates and inside enclosed culture chambers without the need for surface pretreatment. A biophysical model suggests that the patterning mechanism involves stimulation of transiently surface-adsorbed cells, lending evidence to a previously proposed role of adhesin expression during natural biofilm maturation. Overall, this tool—termed “Biofilm Lithography”—has distinct advantages over existing cell-depositing/patterning methods and provides the ability to grow structured biofilms, with applications toward an improved understanding of natural biofilm communities, as well as the engineering of living biomaterials and bottom–up approaches to microbial consortia design.

Role of water contents on microwave roasting of gold bearing high arsenic sulphide concentrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Hu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
De-xin Ding ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Zhong-ran Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Roasting ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
High Arsenic ◽  
Gold Bearing

scholarly journals Level of Sulfite Oxidase Activity Affects Sulfur and Carbon Metabolism in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinara Oshanova ◽  
Assylay Kurmanbayeva ◽  
Aizat Bekturova ◽  
Aigerim Soltabayeva ◽  
Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Sulfite Oxidase ◽  
Sulfite Reductase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Important Player ◽  
Sulfur Supply ◽  
Lower Biomass

Molybdenum cofactor containing sulfite oxidase (SO) enzyme is an important player in protecting plants against exogenous toxic sulfite. It was also demonstrated that SO activity is essential to cope with rising dark-induced endogenous sulfite levels and maintain optimal carbon and sulfur metabolism in tomato plants exposed to extended dark stress. The response of SO and sulfite reductase to direct exposure of low and high levels of sulfate and carbon was rarely shown. By employing Arabidopsis wild-type, sulfite reductase, and SO-modulated plants supplied with excess or limited carbon or sulfur supply, the current study demonstrates the important role of SO in carbon and sulfur metabolism. Application of low and excess sucrose, or sulfate levels, led to lower biomass accumulation rates, followed by enhanced sulfite accumulation in SO impaired mutant compared with wild-type. SO-impairment resulted in the channeling of sulfite to the sulfate reduction pathway, resulting in an overflow of organic S accumulation. In addition, sulfite enhancement was followed by oxidative stress contributing as well to the lower biomass accumulation in SO-modulated plants. These results indicate that the role of SO is not limited to protection against elevated sulfite toxicity but to maintaining optimal carbon and sulfur metabolism in Arabidopsis plants.

scholarly journals Organic Stabilization of Extracellular Elemental Sulfur in a Sulfurovum-Rich Biofilm: A New Role for Extracellular Polymeric Substances?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi Cron ◽  
Jennifer L. Macalady ◽  
Julie Cosmidis
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

This work shines light on the role of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in the formation and preservation of elemental sulfur biominerals produced by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. We characterized elemental sulfur particles produced within a Sulfurovum-rich biofilm in the Frasassi Cave System (Italy). The particles adopt spherical and bipyramidal morphologies, and display both stable (α-S8) and metastable (β-S8) crystal structures. Elemental sulfur is embedded within a dense matrix of EPS, and the particles are surrounded by organic envelopes rich in amide and carboxylic groups. Organic encapsulation and the presence of metastable crystal structures are consistent with elemental sulfur organomineralization, i.e., the formation and stabilization of elemental sulfur in the presence of organics, a mechanism that has previously been observed in laboratory studies. This research provides new evidence for the important role of microbial EPS in mineral formation in the environment. We hypothesize that the extracellular organics are used by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria for the stabilization of elemental sulfur minerals outside of the cell wall as a store of chemical energy. The stabilization of energy sources (in the form of a solid electron acceptor) in biofilms is a potential new role for microbial EPS that requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Structural and Kinetic Characterization of Hyperthermophilic NADH-Dependent Persulfide Reductase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus

Archaea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sherwin Shabdar ◽  
Bukuru Anaclet ◽  
Ana Garcia Castineiras ◽  
Neyissa Desir ◽  
Nicholas Choe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nadh Oxidase ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Archaeoglobus Fulgidus ◽  
Bacterial Enzymes ◽  
Detectable Activity ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Nadh Oxidase Activity

NADH-dependent persulfide reductase (Npsr) has been proposed to facilitate dissimilatory sulfur respiration by reducing persulfide or sulfane sulfur-containing substrates to H2S. The presence of this gene in the sulfate and thiosulfate-reducing Archaeoglobus fulgidus DSM 4304 and other hyperthermophilic Archaeoglobales appears anomalous, as A. fulgidus is unable to respire S0 and grow in the presence of elemental sulfur. To assess the role of Npsr in the sulfur metabolism of A. fulgidus DSM 4304, the Npsr from A. fulgidus was characterized. AfNpsr is specific for persulfide and polysulfide as substrates in the oxidative half-reaction, exhibiting k cat / K m on the order of 104 M-1 s-1, which is similar to the kinetic parameters observed for hyperthermophilic CoA persulfide reductases. In contrast to the bacterial Npsr, AfNpsr exhibits low disulfide reductase activity with DTNB; however, similar to the bacterial enzymes, it does not show detectable activity with CoA-disulfide, oxidized glutathione, or cystine. The 3.1 Å X-ray structure of AfNpsr reveals access to the tightly bound catalytic CoA, and the active site Cys 42 is restricted by a flexible loop (residues 60-66) that is not seen in the bacterial homologs from Shewanella loihica PV-4 and Bacillus anthracis. Unlike the bacterial enzymes, AfNpsr exhibits NADH oxidase activity and also shows no detectable activity with NADPH. Models suggest steric and electrostatic repulsions of the NADPH 2 ′ -phosphate account for the strong preference for NADH. The presence of Npsr in the nonsulfur-reducing A. fulgidus suggests that the enzyme may offer some protection against S0 or serve in another metabolic role that has yet to be identified.

scholarly journals Biostimulating Gut Microbiome with Bilberry Anthocyanin Combo to Enhance Anti-PD-L1 Efficiency against Murine Colon Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuerun Liu ◽  
Luoyang Wang ◽  
Nan Jing ◽  
Guoqiang Jiang ◽  
Zheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Therapeutic Efficiency ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Murine Colon ◽  
Subdominant Species

Recent advances have revealed the essential role of gut microbiomes in the therapeutic efficiency of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Inspired by biostimulation, a method using nutrients to accelerate the growth of soil microorganisms and the recovery of soil microbial consortia, here we propose a bilberry anthocyanin combo containing chitosan and low molecular citrus pectin (LCP), in which LCP–chitosan is used to encapsulate anthocyanins so to enhance its digestive stability and, moreover, modulate the microbiome more favorable for the PD-L1 blockade treatment. Using murine MC38 colon cancer as a model system, we examined the effects of the combo on modulating the gut microbiome and therapeutic efficiency of PD-L1 blockade treatment. It was shown that bilberry anthocyanins enriched the subdominant species, increased both the concentration and the proportion of butyrate in feces and enhanced intratumoral CD8+ T cell infiltrations. The application of the bilberry anthocyanin combo restored the species diversity of gut microbiome decreased by LCP–chitosan and achieved the best control of tumor growth. These preliminary results indicated unprecedented opportunities of probiotics combo in improving the therapeutic efficiency of immune checkpoint inhibitor through manipulating gut microbiome.

Role of resource allocation and transport in emergence of cross-feeding in microbial consortia

2019 ◽  
Vol 467 ◽  
pp. 150-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Schepens ◽  
Ross P. Carlson ◽  
Jeff Heys ◽  
Ashley E. Beck ◽  
Tomáš Gedeon
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Microbial Consortia
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