scholarly journals Chemical Interactions at the Interface of Plant Root Hair Cells and Intracellular Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Chang ◽  
Kathryn L. Kingsley ◽  
James F. White
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Interactions ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Root Hair Cells

In this research, we conducted histochemical, inhibitor and other experiments to evaluate the chemical interactions between intracellular bacteria and plant cells. As a result of these experiments, we hypothesize two chemical interactions between bacteria and plant cells. The first chemical interaction between endophyte and plant is initiated by microbe-produced ethylene that triggers plant cells to grow, release nutrients and produce superoxide. The superoxide combines with ethylene to form products hydrogen peroxide and carbon dioxide. In the second interaction between microbe and plant the microbe responds to plant-produced superoxide by secretion of nitric oxide to neutralize superoxide. Nitric oxide and superoxide combine to form peroxynitrite that is catalyzed by carbon dioxide to form nitrate. The two chemical interactions underlie hypothesized nutrient exchanges in which plant cells provide intracellular bacteria with fixed carbon, and bacteria provide plant cells with fixed nitrogen. As a consequence of these two interactions between endophytes and plants, plants grow and acquire nutrients from endophytes, and plants acquire enhanced oxidative stress tolerance, becoming more tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses.

Effect of Chloroplast Movement on Laser Speckle Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1747-1754
Author(s):  
Yohsuke Inagaki ◽  
Rina Akune ◽  
Ayano Matsuda ◽  
Shinichiro Kuroki ◽  
Kenji Takisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Chloroplast Movement ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
List Type ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Before And After

HighlightsThis study investigates the use of laser speckle to evaluate chloroplast movement in plant cells.The analysis value of the laser speckle corresponds to chloroplast movement.The run-length matrix analysis that we propose is more sensitive than existing methods.Abstract. Abiotic and biotic stresses change the cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells. In particular, the state of chloroplast movement changes rapidly in response to environmental changes. Thus, detecting chloroplast movement allows us to comprehend the physiological state of plants. This study investigated the applicability of the laser speckle method for evaluating chloroplast movement. Moreover, we propose a new analysis method for sensitively evaluating chloroplast movement. Leaves of Egeria densa were used, and electrical stimulation was applied as recoverable abiotic stress. Laser speckle measurement and light microscopic observation of the same specimen were performed before and after stimulation. The results showed that the laser speckle method can nondestructively evaluate macroscopic and collective chloroplast movement. The proposed method was more sensitive to chloroplast movement than existing methods. Keywords: Chloroplast, Image processing, Laser speckle, Textual analysis.

scholarly journals Interaction of Nitric Oxide with Phytohormones under Drought Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srivani S. Adimulam ◽  
Bhatnagar-Mathur Pooja ◽  
Santisree Parankusam
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Open Question

Plants are often exposed to a plethora of stress conditions such as salinity, extreme temperatures, drought, and heavy metals that can greatly impact farmer’s income. Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in resistance to various plant stresses and hence gaining increasing attention from plant researchers. NO mediate various abiotic and biotic stresses in plants including drought stress. However, it is still unclear about the actual involvement of NO in drought stress responses at a whole plant level. Whether NO act alone or in coherence with other phytohormones and signaling molecules is an open question till now. Here we summarized the interaction of NO with the well-known phytohormones in coping with the drought stress.

Polyamines, polyamine oxidases and nitric oxide in development, abiotic and biotic stresses

Plant Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 181 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinukshi Wimalasekera ◽  
Felix Tebartz ◽  
Günther F.E. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Polyamine Oxidases

Identification of Plant Protein Kinases in Response to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses Using SuperSAGE

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 643-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ederson Akio Kido ◽  
Pedranne Kelle de Araujo Barbosa ◽  
Jose Ribamar Costa Ferreira Neto ◽  
Valesca Pandolfi ◽  
Laureen Michelle Houllou-Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses

scholarly journals Recent Development on Plant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Enzymes and Their Functions in Plant Development and Stress Signaling

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Adesola J. Tola ◽  
Amal Jaballi ◽  
Hugo Germain ◽  
Tagnon D. Missihoun
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenases ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Abiotic and biotic stresses induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently causes the excessive accumulation of aldehydes in cells. Stress-derived aldehydes are commonly designated as reactive electrophile species (RES) as a result of the presence of an electrophilic α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that metabolize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aliphatic and aromatic aldehyde molecules by oxidizing them to their corresponding carboxylic acids. The ALDH enzymes are found in nearly all organisms, and plants contain fourteen ALDH protein families. In this review, we performed a critical analysis of the research reports over the last decade on plant ALDHs. Newly discovered roles for these enzymes in metabolism, signaling and development have been highlighted and discussed. We concluded with suggestions for future investigations to exploit the potential of these enzymes in biotechnology and to improve our current knowledge about these enzymes in gene signaling and plant development.

Melatonin induces the transcripts of CBF/DREB1s and their involvement in both abiotic and biotic stresses in Arabidopsis

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Shi ◽  
Yongqiang Qian ◽  
Dun‐Xian Tan ◽  
Russel J. Reiter ◽  
Chaozu He
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses
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