Recent Development on Plant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Enzymes and Their Functions in Plant Development and Stress Signaling

Abiotic and biotic stresses induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently causes the excessive accumulation of aldehydes in cells. Stress-derived aldehydes are commonly designated as reactive electrophile species (RES) as a result of the presence of an electrophilic α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that metabolize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aliphatic and aromatic aldehyde molecules by oxidizing them to their corresponding carboxylic acids. The ALDH enzymes are found in nearly all organisms, and plants contain fourteen ALDH protein families. In this review, we performed a critical analysis of the research reports over the last decade on plant ALDHs. Newly discovered roles for these enzymes in metabolism, signaling and development have been highlighted and discussed. We concluded with suggestions for future investigations to exploit the potential of these enzymes in biotechnology and to improve our current knowledge about these enzymes in gene signaling and plant development.

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Versatile physiological functions of the Nudix Hydrolase family in berry development and stress response in grapevine

10.21203/rs.2.22110/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhaoke Wang ◽

Peipei Wang ◽

Le Guan ◽

Muhammad Salman Haider ◽

Maazullah Nasim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Leaf Roll ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Berry Development ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Physiological Functions ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Wide Range ◽

Nudix Hydrolases

Abstract Background Nudix hydrolases are widely distributed across all classes of organisms and provide the potential capacity to hydrolyze a wide range of organic pyrophosphates. Although Nudix hydrolases are involved in plants detoxification processes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, the biological functions of Nudix hydrolases remain largely unclear in grapevine. Results A total of 25 putative grapevine Nudix hydrolases ( VvNUDXs ) were identified by bioinformatics analysis and classified into eight subfamilies based to their preferred substrates. Both tandem and segmental duplications were responsible for the evolution and expansion of NUDX gene family in grapevine. To investigate into their regulatory roles of VvNUDX genes during growth and development as well as in response to abiotic and biotic stress in grapevine, the expression patterns were revealed in publicly available microarray data. The spatial and temporal expression patterns of VvNUDX genes indicated that these genes might play important roles in multiple developmental processes. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis exhibited that ten VvNUDX genes were specifically expressed in grapevine berries, suggesting the potential roles in grapevine berry development. Expression and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that VvNUDX1 and VvNUDX3 might be involved in terpenoid biosynthesis in grapevine. Futhermore, most VvNUDX genes toward the ADP-ribose/NADH were different patterns in response to various abiotic and biotic stresses, such as salinity and drought, as well as different types of biotic treatments, such as Erysiphe necator , Bois Noir phytoplasma and leaf-roll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3). Conclusions These results showed that VvNUDX were associated with plant detoxification processes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, and regulate disease immunity and resistance pathways. The present informations may provide good opportunities to explore the physiological functions of VvNUDX genes in berry development and stress response networks in grapevine.

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Chromatin dynamics during interphase and cell division: similarities and differences between model and crop plants

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/erz457 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 (17) ◽

pp. 5205-5222 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ales Pecinka ◽

Christian Chevalier ◽

Isabelle Colas ◽

Kriton Kalantidis ◽

Serena Varotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Information ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Regulatory Proteins ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Chromatin Dynamics ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Organismal Development

Abstract Genetic information in the cell nucleus controls organismal development and responses to the environment, and finally ensures its own transmission to the next generations. To achieve so many different tasks, the genetic information is associated with structural and regulatory proteins, which orchestrate nuclear functions in time and space. Furthermore, plant life strategies require chromatin plasticity to allow a rapid adaptation to abiotic and biotic stresses. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the organization of plant chromatin and dynamics of chromosomes during interphase and mitotic and meiotic cell divisions for model and crop plants differing as to genome size, ploidy, and amount of genomic resources available. The existing data indicate that chromatin changes accompany most (if not all) cellular processes and that there are both shared and unique themes in the chromatin structure and global chromosome dynamics among species. Ongoing efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in chromatin organization and remodeling have, together with the latest genome editing tools, potential to unlock crop genomes for innovative breeding strategies and improvements of various traits.

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The impact of epitranscriptomic marks on post-transcriptional regulation in plants

Briefings in Functional Genomics ◽

10.1093/bfgp/elaa021 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiang Yu ◽

Bishwas Sharma ◽

Brian D Gregory

Keyword(s):

Transcriptional Regulation ◽

Plant Development ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Rna Modifications ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Rna Molecules ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Specific Mrnas ◽

Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽

The Impact

Abstract Ribonucleotides within the various RNA molecules in eukaryotes are marked with more than 160 distinct covalent chemical modifications. These modifications include those that occur internally in messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytosine (m5C), as well as those that occur at the ends of the modified RNAs like the non-canonical 5′ end nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) cap modification of specific mRNAs. Recent findings have revealed that covalent RNA modifications can impact the secondary structure, translatability, functionality, stability and degradation of the RNA molecules in which they are included. Many of these covalent RNA additions have also been found to be dynamically added and removed through writer and eraser complexes, respectively, providing a new layer of epitranscriptome-mediated post-transcriptional regulation that regulates RNA quality and quantity in eukaryotic transcriptomes. Thus, it is not surprising that the regulation of RNA fate mediated by these epitranscriptomic marks has been demonstrated to have widespread effects on plant development and the responses of these organisms to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we highlight recent progress focused on the study of the dynamic nature of these epitranscriptome marks and their roles in post-transcriptional regulation during plant development and response to environmental cues, with an emphasis on the mRNA modifications of non-canonical 5′ end NAD+ capping, m6A and several other internal RNA modifications.

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Molecular Diversity of The Tidal Swamp Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm of The South Kalimantan, Indonesia

10.20944/preprints201803.0120.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Dindin H. Mursyidin ◽

Purnomo Purnomo ◽

Issirep Sumardi ◽

Budi S. Daryono

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽

Intergenic Spacer ◽

The South ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Intergenic Spacer Region ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Tidal Swamp ◽

Wide Range

Tidal swamp rice has long been cultivated by the local people of the South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This germplasm possess some important traits for adapted to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, a total of sixteen cultivars of this germplasm, consisting of fifteen of the South Kalimantan Province and one of Sumatera Island, Indonesia (an outgroup) were analyzed, phylogenetically based on the chloroplast trnL-F and nuclear intergenic spacer region (IGS). The results showed that this germplasm has a relatively more extraordinary genetic diversity than other local rice germplasm. In a nucleotide level, this germplasm showed a genetic diversity of 0.61 for nuclear IGS and 0.58 for trnL-F. The phylogenetic reconstruction also exhibited that this germplasm has the unique illustration of phylogenetic trees, particularly for the combined sequence datasets. Thus, the results of our study would provide useful information for further understanding of evolutionary relationships of this germplasm and facilitate the efficient utilization of valuable genes for genetic improvement, particularly in the tidal swamp areas.

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N6-methyladenosine (m6A): Revisiting the Old with Focus on New, an Arabidopsis thaliana Centered Review

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes9120596 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 596 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Susheel Sagar Bhat ◽

Dawid Bielewicz ◽

Artur Jarmolowski ◽

Zofia Szweykowska-Kulinska

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Development ◽

Floral Development ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Sequence Motif ◽

Messenger Rnas ◽

Specific Sequence ◽

Wide Range ◽

And Function

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is known to occur in plant and animal messenger RNAs (mRNAs) since the 1970s. However, the scope and function of this modification remained un-explored till very recently. Since the beginning of this decade, owing to major technological breakthroughs, the interest in m6A has peaked again. Similar to animal mRNAs, plant mRNAs are also m6A methylated, within a specific sequence motif which is conserved across these kingdoms. m6A has been found to be pivotal for plant development and necessary for processes ranging from seed germination to floral development. A wide range of proteins involved in methylation of adenosine have been identified alongside proteins that remove or identify m6A. This review aims to put together the current knowledge regarding m6A in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Elongator and its epigenetic role in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2015.00296 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yezhang Ding ◽

Zhonglin Mou

Keyword(s):

Plant Development ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Biotic Stresses

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The role of chloroplasts in plant pathology

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/ebc20170020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 21-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Robert G. Sowden ◽

Samuel J. Watson ◽

Paul Jarvis

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Host Gene Expression ◽

Host Proteins ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Chloroplast Proteome

Plants have evolved complex tolerance systems to survive abiotic and biotic stresses. Central to these programmes is a sophisticated conversation of signals between the chloroplast and the nucleus. In this review, we examine the antagonism between abiotic stress tolerance (AST) and immunity: we propose that to generate immunogenic signals, plants must disable AST systems, in particular those that manage reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the pathogen seeks to reactivate or enhance those systems to achieve virulence. By boosting host systems of AST, pathogens trick the plant into suppressing chloroplast immunogenic signals and steer the host into making an inappropriate immune response. Pathogens disrupt chloroplast function, both transcriptionally—by secreting effectors that alter host gene expression by interacting with defence-related kinase cascades, with transcription factors, or with promoters themselves—and post-transcriptionally, by delivering effectors that enter the chloroplast or alter the localization of host proteins to change chloroplast activities. These mechanisms reconfigure the chloroplast proteome and chloroplast-originating immunogenic signals in order to promote infection.

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Phosphate-induced resistance to pathogen infection in Arabidopsis

10.1101/2021.12.09.471930 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Beatriz Val Torregrosa ◽

Mireia Bundo ◽

Hector Martin Cardoso ◽

Marcel Bach Pages ◽

Tzyy Jen Chiou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Wild Type ◽

Pathogen Infection ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Resistance To Infection ◽

Hormonal Signalling

In nature, plants are concurrently exposed to a number of abiotic and biotic stresses. Our understanding of convergence points between responses to combined biotic/abiotic stress pathways remains, however, rudimentary. Here we show that MIR399 overexpression, loss-of-function of PHO2 (PHOSPHATE2), or treatment with high Pi, is accompanied by an increase in phosphate (Pi) content and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Arabidopsis thaliana. High Pi plants (e.g. miR399 overexpressor, pho2 mutant, and plants grown under high Pi supply) exhibited resistance to infection by necrotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens. In the absence of pathogen infection, the expression level of genes in the salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent signaling pathways was higher in high Pi plants compared to wild type plants, which is consistent with increased levels of SA and JA in non-infected high Pi plants. During infection, an opposite regulation in the two branches of the JA pathway (ERF1/PDF1.2 and MYC2/VSP2) occurs in high Pi plants. Thus, while the ERF1-PDF1 branch positively responds to fungal infection, the MYC2/VSP2 branch is negatively regulated during pathogen infection in high Pi plants. This study supports that Pi accumulation promotes resistance to infection by fungal pathogens in Arabidopsis, while providing a basis to better understand crosstalk between Pi signaling and hormonal signalling pathways for modulation of plant immune responses.

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miR398 regulation in rice of the responses to abiotic and biotic stresses depends on CSD1 and CSD2 expression

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp10178 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 44 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Yuzhu Lu ◽

Zhen Feng ◽

Liying Bian ◽

Hong Xie ◽

Jiansheng Liang

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Transgenic Rice ◽

High Salinity ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Molecular Response ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Wide Range ◽

Resistant Form

MiR398 targets two Cu or Zn superoxide dismutases (CSD1 and CSD2) in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Here we provide evidence that rice (Oryza sativa L.) miR398 mediates responses to abiotic and biotic stresses through regulating the expression of its target genes, Os-CSD1 and Os-CSD2. Rice plants were exposed to various stresses, including high Cu2+, high salinity, high light, methyl viologen, water stress, pathogens and ethylene, and the molecular response was investigated. Rice plants overexpressing Os-miR398 and the miR398-resistant form of Os-CSD2 were also exposed to these stresses. Both abiotic and biotic stresses significantly inhibited Os-miR398 expression and thus stimulated the expression of Os-CSD1 and Os-CSD2. The plant hormone ethylene produced an especially marked response. Transgenic rice lines that overexpressed Os-miR398 had a lower expression of CSD1 and -2 and were more sensitive to environmental stress. Conversely, transgenic rice lines which overexpressed the miR398-resistant form of Os-CSD2 showed more tolerance to high salinity and water stress than non-transgenic rice. We conclude that Os-miR398 regulates the responses of rice to a wide range of environmental stresses and to ethylene, and exerts its role through mediating CSDs expression and cellular ROS levels.

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