Effect of Chloroplast Movement on Laser Speckle Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1747-1754
Author(s):  
Yohsuke Inagaki ◽  
Rina Akune ◽  
Ayano Matsuda ◽  
Shinichiro Kuroki ◽  
Kenji Takisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Chloroplast Movement ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
List Type ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Before And After

HighlightsThis study investigates the use of laser speckle to evaluate chloroplast movement in plant cells.The analysis value of the laser speckle corresponds to chloroplast movement.The run-length matrix analysis that we propose is more sensitive than existing methods.Abstract. Abiotic and biotic stresses change the cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells. In particular, the state of chloroplast movement changes rapidly in response to environmental changes. Thus, detecting chloroplast movement allows us to comprehend the physiological state of plants. This study investigated the applicability of the laser speckle method for evaluating chloroplast movement. Moreover, we propose a new analysis method for sensitively evaluating chloroplast movement. Leaves of Egeria densa were used, and electrical stimulation was applied as recoverable abiotic stress. Laser speckle measurement and light microscopic observation of the same specimen were performed before and after stimulation. The results showed that the laser speckle method can nondestructively evaluate macroscopic and collective chloroplast movement. The proposed method was more sensitive to chloroplast movement than existing methods. Keywords: Chloroplast, Image processing, Laser speckle, Textual analysis.

scholarly journals Chemical Interactions at the Interface of Plant Root Hair Cells and Intracellular Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Chang ◽  
Kathryn L. Kingsley ◽  
James F. White
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Interactions ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Root Hair Cells

In this research, we conducted histochemical, inhibitor and other experiments to evaluate the chemical interactions between intracellular bacteria and plant cells. As a result of these experiments, we hypothesize two chemical interactions between bacteria and plant cells. The first chemical interaction between endophyte and plant is initiated by microbe-produced ethylene that triggers plant cells to grow, release nutrients and produce superoxide. The superoxide combines with ethylene to form products hydrogen peroxide and carbon dioxide. In the second interaction between microbe and plant the microbe responds to plant-produced superoxide by secretion of nitric oxide to neutralize superoxide. Nitric oxide and superoxide combine to form peroxynitrite that is catalyzed by carbon dioxide to form nitrate. The two chemical interactions underlie hypothesized nutrient exchanges in which plant cells provide intracellular bacteria with fixed carbon, and bacteria provide plant cells with fixed nitrogen. As a consequence of these two interactions between endophytes and plants, plants grow and acquire nutrients from endophytes, and plants acquire enhanced oxidative stress tolerance, becoming more tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses.

scholarly journals QTL Study to Reveal Soybean Response on Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
I Made Tasma
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Glycine Max L

<p>As an important grain legume, the improved soybean<br />(Glycine max [L.] Merr.) adaptive to environmental changes<br />is a valuable genetic resource. Strategy to minimize the<br />impact of climate effects should be underlined on soybean<br />production encompassing advanced genomics and well<br />predicted future climate. Crops including soybean respond<br />to climate change in the aspect of abiotic and biotic<br />environmental factors. To predict soybean response to<br />abiotic and biotic stresses, current progress of quantitative<br />trait loci (QTL) for abiotic and biotic stresses and flowering<br />and related genomic resources could be accessed at<br />SoyBase (http://www.soybase.org) and Phytozome<br />(http://www.phytozome.net). As the involvement of abiotic<br />and biotic stresses modulating flowering in soybean, genes<br />linked to QTL for abiotic/biotic stress and flowering/maturity<br />were also potential for resisting the environmental changes.<br />By mapping QTLs for flowering using one population in<br />different locations (Korea and China) with distinctive<br />longitude, latitude, and altitude, syntenic correlation<br />between these two QTLs on soybean chromosomes 6 and<br />13 indicates the environmental specific role of syntenic<br />regions. The information on QTL and related candidate<br />genes may assist marker-assisted breeding and enact<br />soybean as a model of adaptive legume crop under abiotic/<br />biotic stress.</p>

scholarly journals Lectin Receptor-Like Kinases: The Sensor and Mediator at the Plant Cell Surface

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Sun ◽  
Zhenzhen Qiao ◽  
Wellington Muchero ◽  
Jin-Gui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
The Status ◽  
Signaling Components ◽  
Regulation Of Growth

Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs), a plant-specific receptor-like kinase (RLK) sub-family, have been recently found to play crucial roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we first describe the classification and structures of Lectin RLKs. Then we focus on the analysis of functions of LecRLKs in various biological processes and discuss the status of LecRLKs from the ligands they recognize, substrate they target, signaling pathways they are involved in, to the overall regulation of growth-defense tradeoffs. LecRLKs and the signaling components they interact with constitute recognition and protection systems at the plant cell surface contributing to the detection of environmental changes monitoring plant fitness.

Recent data on the causative agent of pale green dwarf (Acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum incertae sedis) in Ukraine: pathogenicityand virulence factors and host reactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
K. Korobkova ◽  
V. Patyka
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Signaling Interactions ◽  
Pale Green

Contemporary state of the distribution of mycoplasma diseases of cultivated crops in Ukraine was analyzed. The changes of the physiological state of plant cells under the impact of mollicutes were investigated. It was demonstrated that there is temporary increase in the activity of peroxidase, catalase, polyphenoloxidase, phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase at the early stages of interaction. The adhesive properties are changed in the mollicutes under the impact of plant lectin; there is synthesis of new polypeptides. It was determined that the phytopathogenic acholeplasma is capable of producing a complex of proteolytic enzymes into the culture me- dium. It was concluded that when plant cells are infected with acholeplasma, a number of signaling interactions and metabolic transformations condition the recognition of pathogenesis and ensure the aggregate response of a plant to stress in the form of defense reactions. It was assumed that some specifi cities of the biology of phy- topathogenic acholeplasma determine their avoiding the immune mechanisms of plants and promote long-term persistence of mollicutes.

An Assessment of Environmental Changes in Three Lakes from King's County (Nova Scotia, Canada) Using Diatom-Based Paleolimnological Techniques

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Thienpont ◽  
Brian K. Ginn ◽  
Brian F. Cumming ◽  
John P. Smol
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Lake Management ◽  
River System ◽  
210Pb Dating ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Diatom Assemblages ◽  
Shoreline Development ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Paleolimnological approaches using sedimentary diatom assemblages were used to assess water quality changes over the last approximately 200 years in three lakes from King's County, Nova Scotia. In particular, the role of recent shoreline development in accelerating eutrophication in these systems was assessed. Sediment cores collected from each lake were analyzed for their diatom assemblages at approximately 5-year intervals, as determined by 210Pb dating. Analyses showed that each system has changed, but tracked different ecosystem changes. Tupper and George lakes recorded shifts, which are likely primarily related to climatic warming, with diatom assemblages changing from a preindustrial dominance by Aulacoseira spp. to present-day dominance by Cyclotella stelligera. In addition to the recent climatic-related changes, further diatom changes in the Tupper Lake core between approximately 1820 and 1970 were coincident with watershed disturbances (farming, forestry, and construction of hydroelectric power infrastructure). Black River Lake has recorded an increase in diatom-inferred total phosphorus since about 1950, likely due to impoundment of the Black River system for hydroelectric generation and subsequent changes in land runoff. Before-and-after (i.e., top-bottom) sediment analyses of six other lakes from King's County provided further evidence that the region is being influenced by climatic change (decreases in Aulacoseira spp., increases in planktonic diatom taxa), as well as showing other environmental stressors (e.g., acidification). However, we recorded no marked increase in diatom-inferred nutrient levels coincident with shoreline cottage development in any of the nine study lakes. Paleolimnological studies such as these allow lake managers to place the current limnological conditions into a long-term context, and thereby provide important background data for effective lake management.

Identification of Plant Protein Kinases in Response to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses Using SuperSAGE

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 643-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ederson Akio Kido ◽  
Pedranne Kelle de Araujo Barbosa ◽  
Jose Ribamar Costa Ferreira Neto ◽  
Valesca Pandolfi ◽  
Laureen Michelle Houllou-Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses

scholarly journals Recent Development on Plant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Enzymes and Their Functions in Plant Development and Stress Signaling

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Adesola J. Tola ◽  
Amal Jaballi ◽  
Hugo Germain ◽  
Tagnon D. Missihoun
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenases ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Abiotic and biotic stresses induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently causes the excessive accumulation of aldehydes in cells. Stress-derived aldehydes are commonly designated as reactive electrophile species (RES) as a result of the presence of an electrophilic α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that metabolize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aliphatic and aromatic aldehyde molecules by oxidizing them to their corresponding carboxylic acids. The ALDH enzymes are found in nearly all organisms, and plants contain fourteen ALDH protein families. In this review, we performed a critical analysis of the research reports over the last decade on plant ALDHs. Newly discovered roles for these enzymes in metabolism, signaling and development have been highlighted and discussed. We concluded with suggestions for future investigations to exploit the potential of these enzymes in biotechnology and to improve our current knowledge about these enzymes in gene signaling and plant development.

scholarly journals Cooperation & Liaison between Universities & Editors (CLUE): recommendations on best practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wager ◽  
◽  
Sabine Kleinert
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Publication Ethics ◽  
List Type ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Academic Journals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Published Research

Abstract Background Inaccurate, false or incomplete research publications may mislead readers including researchers and decision-makers. It is therefore important that such problems are identified and rectified promptly. This usually involves collaboration between the research institutions and academic journals involved, but these interactions can be problematic. Methods These recommendations were developed following discussions at World Conferences on Research Integrity in 2013 and 2017, and at a specially convened 3-day workshop in 2016 involving participants from 7 countries with expertise in publication ethics and research integrity. The recommendations aim to address issues surrounding cooperation and liaison between institutions (e.g. universities) and journals about possible and actual problems with the integrity of reported research arising before and after publication. Results The main recommendations are that research institutions should: develop mechanisms for assessing the integrity of reported research (if concerns are raised) that are distinct from processes to determine whether individual researchers have committed misconduct; release relevant sections of reports of research integrity or misconduct investigations to all journals that have published research that was investigated; take responsibility for research performed under their auspices regardless of whether the researcher still works at that institution or how long ago the work was done; work with funders to ensure essential research data is retained for at least 10 years. Journals should: respond to institutions about research integrity cases in a timely manner; have criteria for determining whether, and what type of, information and evidence relating to the integrity of research reports should be passed on to institutions; pass on research integrity concerns to institutions, regardless of whether they intend to accept the work for publication; retain peer review records for at least 10 years to enable the investigation of peer review manipulation or other inappropriate behaviour by authors or reviewers. Conclusions Various difficulties can prevent effective cooperation between academic journals and research institutions about research integrity concerns and hinder the correction of the research record if problems are discovered. While the issues and their solutions may vary across different settings, we encourage research institutions, journals and funders to consider how they might improve future collaboration and cooperation on research integrity cases.

Melatonin induces the transcripts of CBF/DREB1s and their involvement in both abiotic and biotic stresses in Arabidopsis

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Shi ◽  
Yongqiang Qian ◽  
Dun‐Xian Tan ◽  
Russel J. Reiter ◽  
Chaozu He
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses
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