scholarly journals Type-2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Norouzi ◽  
Shaghayegh Norouzi ◽  
Alistaire Ruggiero ◽  
Mohammad S. Khan ◽  
Stephen Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Current Outbreak

The current outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has generated a notable challenge for diabetic patients. Overall, people with diabetes have a higher risk of developing different infectious diseases and demonstrate increased mortality. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for COVID-19 progression and its severity, poor prognosis, and increased mortality. How diabetes contributes to COVID-19 severity is unclear; however, it may be correlated with the effects of hyperglycemia on systemic inflammatory responses and immune system dysfunction. Using the envelope spike glycoprotein SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, a key protein expressed in metabolic organs and tissues such as pancreatic islets. Therefore, it has been suggested that diabetic patients are more susceptible to severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, as glucose metabolism impairments complicate the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease in these patients. In this review, we provide insight into the COVID-19 disease complications relevant to diabetes and try to focus on the present data and growing concepts surrounding SARS-CoV-2 infections in T2DM patients.

scholarly journals Elevation of PTPN1 promoter methylation is a significant risk factor of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2976-2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Huang ◽  
Liyuan Han ◽  
Yanfen Liu ◽  
Changyi Wang ◽  
Donghui Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infection due to Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase Producing Organisms is a Risk Factor for Bacteraemia Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Shahana Zaman ◽  
Ishrat Jahan ◽  
Samira Humaira Habib ◽  
Tabassum Samad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common among patients with diabetes mellitus and the aetiological agents are often extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. Diabetic patients with UTI are sometimes complicated by bacteraemia. This study was designed to evaluate whether UTI due to ESBL-positive organisms is a risk factor for bacteraemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study, done in BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to April 2016. Adult (e”18 years) type 2 diabetic subjects of either sex with culture proven UTI were included in this study. All study participants were subjected to undergo blood cultures as well. ESBL-positivity of the infective organisms for UTI was evaluated as possible risk factor for bacteraemia. Results: Total patients were 145 including 119 (82%) females. Eshcerichia coli (112, 77.2%) was the most common aetiological agents followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (28, 19.3%). In 54 (37.2%) patients UTI was due to ESBL-positive organisms. Ten (6.9%) patients were complicated by bacteraemia [7 (7/ 54, 13%) among patients with UTI due to ESBL-positive organisms and 3 (3/91, 3.3%) among patients with UTI due to non-ESBL organisms]. UTI due to ESBL-positive organisms appeared as a significant risk factor for bacteraemia (OR 4.37, 95% CI 1.08-17.38, p 0.03). Conclusion: Nearly two-fifths of UTI cases were due to ESBL-positive organisms in this study. ESBLpositivity of the causative organisms was a significant risk factor for bacteraemia among type 2 diabetic subjects. Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2020; 31(1) : 9-12

scholarly journals Past Obesity as well as Present Body Weight Status Is a Risk Factor for Diabetic Nephropathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Meguro ◽  
Yusuke Kabeya ◽  
Karin Tanaka ◽  
Toshihide Kawai ◽  
Masuomi Tomita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Weight Status

Aims. We analyzed the prevalence of nephropathy according to past body weight status in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes because the influence of past obesity on diabetic complications is not certain.Methods. We examined the prevalence of nephropathy in 2927 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus according to current BMI and maximum BMI in the past. We defined “current obesity” as BMI on hospitalization of 25 or more, “previous obesity” as BMI on hospitalization of less than 25 and self-reported maximum BMI in the past of 25 or more, and “continuously lean” as maximum BMI of less than 25.Results. The prevalence of nephropathy was significantly higher in subjects with current obesity (40.6%) or previous obesity (35.6%) than in those who were continuously lean (24.3%) (P<0.017). In logistic regression analysis, previous obesity, as well as current obesity, was a significant risk factor for nephropathy, independent of sex, age, disease duration, hypertension, dyslipidemia, HbA1c, and diabetic retinopathy.Conclusions. Obesity in the past, as well as the present body weight status, was a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy.

scholarly journals Diabetic Retinopathy Is Strongly Predictive of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Cheng Huang ◽  
Jong-Jer Lee ◽  
Tsu-Kung Lin ◽  
Nai-Wen Tsai ◽  
Chi-Ren Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Deep Breathing

A well-established, comprehensive, and simple test battery was used here to re-evaluate risk factors for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in type 2 diabetes. One hundred and seventy-four patients with type 2 diabetes were evaluated through the methods of deep breathing and Valsalva maneuver for correlation with factors that might influence the presence and severity of CAN. The Composite Autonomic Scoring Scale (CASS) was used to grade the severity of autonomic impairment, and CAN was defined as a CASS score ≥2. Results showed that nephropathy, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, uric acid, and the presence of retinopathy and metabolic syndrome significantly correlated with the CASS score. Age may not be a risk factor for diabetic CAN. However, the effects of diabetes on CAN are more prominent in younger patients than in older ones. Diabetic retinopathy is the most significant risk factor predictive of the presence of CAN in patients with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Pro12Ala gene polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a risk factor for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Serbian population

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Soskic ◽  
Aleksandra Stankovic ◽  
Tamara Djuric ◽  
Maja Zivkovic ◽  
P. Ristic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Study Population

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR?) is a gene candidate for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated the association of the PPAR? Pro12Ala gene with the onset of T2DM for the first time in the Serbian population. The study population consisted of 197 controls and 163 T2DM patients. The 12Ala allele tended to be more frequent in the group of T2DM patients (0.11) compared to the control subjects (0.09). The results from this study indicate that the PPAR?2 12Ala allele presents a non-significant risk factor for T2DM development in the Serbian population.

scholarly journals The effect of orlistat on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia by oral fat loading test. A systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rodríguez-Valle ◽  
María Ángeles Navarro Ferrando ◽  
Diana Boj Carceller ◽  
Mar González-Cantalejo ◽  
Jesús Fernando Escanero Marcén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Orlistat induces weight loss by blocking hydrolysis of triglyceride in the intestine, and has thereby been associated with favorable changes in postprandial triglycerides (ppTGL). Some epidemiological studies have identified ppTGL concentrations as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Oral fat loading test (OFLT) has been used for screening of elevated levels of ppTGL. The objective of the present systematic review is to present available data on the effects of orlistat on OFLT.We found 11 studies, seven of which studied the effect of a single dose of orlistat on OFLT in three healthy volunteers, one with obesity, two with type-2 diabetes and one with hyperlipidemic patients. The other four studied the effect of orlistat on OFLT, but after a previous period of time with daily treatment with orlistat: 1 healthy volunteer, 2 obese volunteers, and one patient with hyperlipidemia.Our systematic review suggests that orlistat can help to reduce postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in obese, dyslipemic and type-2 diabetic patients. Regarding free fatty acids, they could be reduced but not all the authors have found the same results. In relation to type-2 diabetic patients, we have found three studies with conflicting results on the immediate effect of orlistat on the postprandial GLP-1 response.In conclusion, orlistat can help to reduce postprandial plasmatic TGL, especially in patients with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia related to obesity, dyslipidemia or type-2 diabetes.

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