scholarly journals Molecular Survey and Genetic Diversity of Bartonella spp. in Small Indian Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) and Their Fleas on Saint Kitts, West Indies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1350
Author(s):  
Alex Mau ◽  
Ana Cláudia Calchi ◽  
Pedro Bittencourt ◽  
Maria Jose Navarrete-Talloni ◽  
Caroline Sauvé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Ctenocephalides Felis ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Unidentified Species

This study aimed to molecularly survey and evaluate the genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in mongooses and their fleas from St. Kitts. Spleen (n = 54), blood (n = 71), and pooled flea samples, all identified as Ctenocephalides felis (n = 53), were submitted to TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting Bartonella-nuoG fragment (84 bp). Positive samples underwent further conventional PCR assays targeting five loci (gltA, rpoB, fstZ, nuoG, and ITS), subsequent sequencing, and phylogenetic and haplotype analyses. The overall occurrence of Bartonella spp. in mongooses and fleas was 51.2% (64/125 [95% CI (42.1–60.2%)]) and 62.3% (33/53) [95% CI (47.9–75.2%)]), respectively. From samples sequenced across the five loci, 50.8% (33/65) were identified as Bartonella henselae, 26.2% (17/65) were 96.74–99.01% similar by BLAST analysis to an unidentified Bartonella sp. previously reported in Japanese badgers (Meles anakuma), and 23.1% (15/65) were co-infected with both species. Nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed low diversity amongst haplotypes but did concur with phylogenetic analysis, placing the unidentified species in a separate clade from B. henselae by multiple mutational events. Our data confirms that mongooses and Ctenocephalides felis fleas collected from them are not only potential reservoirs for B. henselae but also a novel Bartonella sp. which we propose be called ‘Candidatus Bartonella kittensis’.

scholarly journals Prevalence, hematological findings and genetic diversity ofBartonellaspp. in domestic cats from Valdivia, Southern Chile

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANANDA MÜLLER ◽  
ROMINA WALKER ◽  
PEDRO BITTENCOURT ◽  
ROSANGELA ZACARIAS MACHADO ◽  
JYAN LUCAS BENEVENUTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYThe present study determined the prevalence, hematological findings and genetic diversity ofBartonellaspp. in domestic cats from Valdivia, Southern Chile. A complete blood count andnuoGgene real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) forBartonellaspp. were performed in 370 blood samples from cats in Valdivia, Southern Chile.nuoGqPCR-positive samples were submitted to conventional PCR for thegltAgene and sequencing for species differentiation and phylogenetic analysis. Alignment ofgltAgene was used to calculate the nucleotide diversity, polymorphic level, number of variable sites and average number of nucleotide differences.BartonellaDNA prevalence in cats was 18·1% (67/370). Twenty-nine samples were sequenced with 62·0% (18/29) identified asBartonella henselae, 34·4% (10/29) asBartonella clarridgeiae, and 3·4% (1/29) asBartonella koehlerae. Bartonella-positive cats had low DNA bacterial loads and their hematological parameters varied minimally. EachBartonellaspecies from Chile clustered together and with otherBartonellaspp. described in cats worldwide.Bartonella henselaeandB. clarridgeiaeshowed a low number of variable sites, haplotypes and nucleotide diversity.Bartonella clarridgeiaeandB. koehleraeare reported for the first time in cats from Chile and South America, respectively.

scholarly journals Molecular Survey and Genetic Diversity of Hemoplasmas in Rodents from Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1493
Author(s):  
Amir Salvador Alabí ◽  
Gustavo Monti ◽  
Carola Otth ◽  
Paulina Sepulveda-García ◽  
Melissa Sánchez-Hidalgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
High Identity ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Hemotrophic Mycoplasma ◽  
First Time ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Even though hemotrophic mycoplasma (hemoplasma) infections are well documented in a wide variety of hosts worldwide, there is a gap in the knowledge aobut hemoplasmas in rodents. This study aimed to molecularly survey and investigate the genetic diversity of hemoplasmas in rodents from Chile. Synanthropic and wild rodents (n = 74) were captured in the southern province of Valdivia (Corral, Valdivia, Riñihue, and Reumén localities). Spleen samples were submitted to a conventional PCR for hemotrophic Mycoplasma spp. targeting the 16S rRNA gene (800 bp), followed by sequencing, phylogenetic, and genetic diversity analyses. The overall occurrence of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in rodents from Valdivia was 24.5% (18/74) [95% CI (14.5; 34.1)]. Hemoplasmas were detected in Mus musculus (1/4), Rattus norvegicus (1/16), Abrothrix longipilis (7/13), A. olivaceo (6/8), and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (3/10). The nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the targeted 16S rRNA region showed low diversity, with two genotypes and a high identity to the variants detected in wild rodents from Brazil. Hemoplasmas are described for the first time in rodents from Chile with a moderate occurrence and low 16S rDNA genetic diversity within the sampled rodent population. The detected hemoplasma genotypes were specific to rodents and were not shared with other mammals.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Hepatozoon spp. in rodents from Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Salvador Alabí ◽  
Gustavo Monti ◽  
Carola Otth ◽  
Paulina Sepulveda-García ◽  
Livia Perles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Hepatozoon Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
18S Rdna Gene ◽  
High Diversity

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of Hepatozoon spp. in rodents from Valdivia, Chile. A total of 74 rodents (synanthropic n=38; wild n=36) were trapped in Valdivia. We performed conventional PCR assays for Apicomplexa organisms targeting two overlapping 18S rDNA gene fragments (600 bp and 900 bp) followed by sequencing of selected amplicons. Hepatozoon spp. occurrence was 82.43% (61/74). Twelve sequences obtained from the 600 bp and ten from the 900 bp 18S rDNA fragments were identified as Hepatozoon sp. Six sequences obtained from 18S rDNA-based overlapping PCR protocols were used for concatenated (1,400 bp) phylogenetic, haplotype and distance analyses. Hepatozoon spp. 18S rDNA concatenated sequences from the present study were detected in Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, and Abrothrix longipilis grouped with Hepatozoon species earlier described in rodents and reptiles from Chile and Brazil. Nucleotide polymorphism of the six 18S rDNA sequences (1,400 bp) from this study, and other Chilean sequences from rodents and rodent’s ticks, showed high diversity with a total of nine Chilean haplotypes. Three haplotypes from Valdivia were identified for the first time in this study, suggesting the circulation of novel haplotypes in rodents from southern Chile.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Presence of Bartonella Species and Bacterial Loads in Cats and Cat Fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) under Natural Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (16) ◽  
pp. 5613-5621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gutiérrez ◽  
Yaarit Nachum-Biala ◽  
Shimon Harrus
Keyword(s):  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Ctenocephalides Felis ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
High Resolution Melt ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Cat Fleas ◽  
Host Infection

ABSTRACTCats are considered the main reservoir of three zoonoticBartonellaspecies:Bartonella henselae,Bartonellaclarridgeiae, andBartonellakoehlerae. Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) have been experimentally demonstrated to be a competent vector ofB. henselaeand have been proposed as the potential vector of the two otherBartonellaspecies. Previous studies have reported a lack of association between theBartonellaspecies infection status (infected or uninfected) and/or bacteremia levels of cats and the infection status of the fleas they host. Nevertheless, to date, no study has compared the quantitative distributions of these bacteria in both cats and their fleas under natural conditions. Thus, the present study explored these relationships by identifying and quantifying the differentBartonellaspecies in both cats and their fleas. Therefore, EDTA-blood samples and fleas collected from stray cats were screened forBartonellabacteria. Bacterial loads were quantified by high-resolution melt real-time quantitative PCR assays. The results indicated a moderate correlation between theBartonellabacterial loads in the cats and their fleas when both were infected with the sameBartonellaspecies. Moreover, a positive effect of the host infection status on theBartonellabacterial loads of the fleas was observed. Conversely, the cat bacterial loads were not affected by the infection status of their fleas. Our results suggest that theBartonellabacterial loads of fleas are positively affected by the presence of the bacteria in their feline host, probably by multiple acquisitions/accumulation and/or multiplication events.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Purple Passion Fruit, Passiflora edulis f. edulis, Based on Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers Discovered through Genotyping by Sequencing

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Nohra Castillo Rodríguez ◽  
Xingbo Wu ◽  
María Isabel Chacón ◽  
Luz Marina Melgarejo ◽  
Matthew Wohlgemuth Blair
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Purple Passion Fruit

Orphan crops, which include many of the tropical fruit species used in the juice industry, lack genomic resources and breeding efforts. Typical of this dilemma is the lack of commercial cultivars of purple passion fruit, Passiflora edulis f. edulis, and of information on the genetic resources of its substantial semiwild gene pool. In this study, we develop single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for the species and show that the genetic diversity of this fruit crop has been reduced because of selection for cultivated genotypes compared to the semiwild landraces in its center of diversity. A specific objective of the present study was to determine the genetic diversity of cultivars, genebank accession, and landraces through genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and to conduct molecular evaluation of a broad collection for the species P. edulis from a source country, Colombia. We included control genotypes of yellow passion fruit, P. edulis f. flavicarpa. The goal was to evaluate differences between fruit types and compare landraces and genebank accessions from in situ accessions collected from farmers. In total, 3820 SNPs were identified as informative for this diversity study. However, the majority distinguished yellow and purple passion fruit, with 966 SNPs useful in purple passion fruits alone. In the population structure analysis, purple passion fruits were very distinct from the yellow ones. The results for purple passion fruits alone showed reduced diversity for the commercial cultivars while highlighting the higher diversity found among landraces from wild or semi-wild conditions. These landraces had higher heterozygosity, polymorphism, and overall genetic diversity. The implications for genetics and breeding as well as evolution and ecology of purple passion fruits based on the extant landrace diversity are discussed with consideration of manual or pollinator-assisted hybridization of this species.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Single-Nucleotide-Polymorphism Analysis for Discrimination of Clostridium botulinum Group I Strains

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 2125-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona ◽  
Ruth Timme ◽  
Brian H. Raphael ◽  
Donald Zink ◽  
Shashi K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group I

ABSTRACTClostridium botulinumis a genetically diverse Gram-positive bacterium producing extremely potent neurotoxins (botulinum neurotoxins A through G [BoNT/A-G]). The complete genome sequences of three strains harboring only the BoNT/A1 nucleotide sequence are publicly available. Although these strains contain a toxin cluster (HA+OrfX−) associated with hemagglutinin genes, little is known about the genomes of subtype A1 strains (termed HA−OrfX+) that lack hemagglutinin genes in the toxin gene cluster. We sequenced the genomes of three BoNT/A1-producingC. botulinumstrains: two strains with the HA+OrfX−cluster (69A and 32A) and one strain with the HA−OrfX+cluster (CDC297). Whole-genome phylogenic single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP) analysis of these strains along with other publicly availableC. botulinumgroup I strains revealed five distinct lineages. Strains 69A and 32A clustered with theC. botulinumtype A1 Hall group, and strain CDC297 clustered with theC. botulinumtype Ba4 strain 657. This study reports the use of whole-genome SNP sequence analysis for discrimination ofC. botulinumgroup I strains and demonstrates the utility of this analysis in quickly differentiatingC. botulinumstrains harboring identical toxin gene subtypes. This analysis further supports previous work showing that strains CDC297 and 657 likely evolved from a common ancestor and independently acquired separate BoNT/A1 toxin gene clusters at distinct genomic locations.

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