Primary Site of Coxsackievirus B Replication in the Small Intestines: No Proof of Peyer’s Patches Involvement

Background: Enterovirus (EV) infections are associated with a broad range of diseases. Since the first experimental infection of primates with poliovirus (PV), tonsils and the Peyer’s patches (PPs) have been believed to be the primary replication sites of EVs. Our aim was to localize different viral markers in the small intestines (SI) of coxsackievirus B (CVB) orally and intraperitoneally (i.p.) infected mice. Methods: Transverse sections of SIs of both infected and control male outbred mice were collected at different intervals post-infection (p.i) and analyzed for presence of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) and viral protein VP1 by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH). Fluorescent marker, eGFP, was identified in cryosections of mice infected with eGFP-CVB3. Results: In the infected SIs, we observed enlarged germinating centers (GCs) in the PPs; IFN-α was detected in the PPs and mucosal layer of the SIs. However, VP1, viral RNA and the eGFP were absent in the GCs of PPs at all stages of infection irrespective of the virus strains used. Conclusions: Virus was present in the epithelial cells but not in GCs of the PPs of the murine SIs. Our results do not support the hypothesis of EV replication in the PP especially in the GCs.

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Characteristics of Intestinal Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue in Experimental Trichinellosis in Rats

Russian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.31016/1998-8435-2020-14-3-75-82 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 75-82

Author(s):

O. B. Zhdanova ◽

L. R. Mutoshvili ◽

O. V. Rudneva ◽

N. A. Makarova ◽

L. A. Napisanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Intestinal Wall ◽

Peyer's Patches ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

And Control ◽

Microscope Slides ◽

Lymphoid Nodules ◽

Experimental Group

The purpose of the research is studying intestinal mucosa-associated lymphadenoids (MALT) at trichinellosis. Materials and methods. The number of lymphoid nodules and Peyer’s patches was counted by grossing and microscope slides of intestinal specimen. We investigated their syntopy and morphological traits in Trichinella-infected and control animals. All morphological structures were described in accordance with anatomical, immunological and histological terminology. Results and discussion. The number of lymphoid nodules in the intestinal wall thickness increased by 1.63 times in the experimental group. The changes involved the syntopy of lymphoid tissue. There was an even distribution of lymphoid nodules being concentrated in some segments in the form of Peyer’s patches. The size of the grouped nodules in the experimental trichinellosis increased 1.31 times in the small intestine, and 1.26 times in the straight intestine. It was found that the MALTs were sensitive to the infection. Immunomorphological studies of the MALT should be considered in the development of safe complex drugs, immunostimulants or vaccines. Further, the condition of the MALT should be taken into account in the pathogenesis of trichinellosis along with classical methods such as parasitological (larvae or egg counts), immunological, immunohistochemical or other methods.

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Colonization of the Small Intestine of Weaned Pigs by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that Lack Known Colonization Factors

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098589202900308 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 239-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

B. Nagy ◽

L. H. Arp ◽

H. W. Moon ◽

T. A. Casey

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Peyer's Patches ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Etec Strain ◽

Fimbrial Adhesins ◽

And Control

Intestinal colonization of 3-week-old weaned pigs by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains that were originally isolated from weaned pigs with fatal diarrhea and that lacked K88, K99, F41, and 987P adhesins (4P− ETEC) was studied by histologic, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopic techniques. In the first experiment, 16 principal pigs were inoculated orogastrically with ETEC strain 2134 (serogroup 0157:H19) or 2171 (serogroup 0141:H4), and eight control pigs were not inoculated. In the second experiment, 24 principals were inoculated with ETEC strain 2134, and 12 controls were inoculated with a nonenterotoxigenic strain of E. coli. Principal and control pigs were necropsied at intervals from 24 to 72 hours after inoculation of principals to provide the tissues used for this report. Results from the two experiments and with both ETEC strains were similar and therefore were combined. Adhesion by 4P″ ETEC was demonstrated in ileum but not in cecum or colon in 22/40 principal pigs sampled at 24 to 72 hours after orogastric inoculation. Adherent bacteria were most apparent on the intestinal villi covering Peyer's patches. Only occasional adherent bacteria were detected in ileal sections from a few (4/20) of the control pigs. Adherence by 4P− ETEC was characterized by “patches” of bacteria closely associated with the lateral surfaces and less frequently with the tips and the bases of intact villi. In most cases, the adherent bacteria were separated from epithelial cell microvilli and other bacterial cells by a 50–400-nm space. Filamentous bacterial appendages bridged this space and formed a network among adjacent bacteria. Colonization of weaned pigs by the 4P− ETEC strains was characterized by preferential adhesion of bacteria to the villi covering Peyer's patches. The filamentous appendages observed between bacteria and microvilli are previously unrecognized fimbrial adhesins, which mediate colonization by these ETEC.

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Effect of Chronic Commercial Sweeteners Consumption in Lymphocytes of Peyer’s Patches

European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety ◽

10.9734/ejnfs/2019/v9i430082 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 354-364

Author(s):

Julio Andrés Guzmán-Cruz ◽

Beatríz Elina Martínez-Carrillo ◽

Arturo G. Rillo ◽

José Arturo Castillo-Cardiel ◽

Flor de María Cruz-Estrada

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Peyer's Patches ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

Steviol Glycoside ◽

Nutrition Research ◽

Different Strains ◽

And Control ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Aims: To know the effect of chronic commercial sweeteners consumption in lymphocytes of Peyer’s patches. Study Design: A prospective, longitudinal, comparative and experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Nutrition Research Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine of Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx) between August 2018 and May 2019 and was approved by the Bioethics Committee. Materials and Methods: Two groups of male mice of different strains were used: 1) Balb/c and 2) CD1, both at 8 weeks-old age. The groups were divided into 4 subgroups: 1) Control (without sweetener), 2) Sucrose (table sugar, 41.66 mg/mL), and two groups of commercial sweeteners 3) Splenda® (sucralose 1.2%, with a concentration of 4.16 mg/mL), and 4) Svetia® (Steviol glycoside 0.025 g with a concentration of 4.16 mg/mL). The mice consumed the supplementation for 6 weeks. Also, were quantified plasma glucose, percentage of lymphocytes from Peyer’s patches, water and food consumption weekly. Results: Mice increased their body weight after 6 weeks of treatment. The animals of Control and Sucrose subgroups showed a significant body weight gain of 5 g compared with the Splenda® and Svetia® subgroups, which increased only 4 g. In the subgroup treated with Splenda®, the blood glucose was reduced significantly. Svetia® and Control groups consumed more water without sweetener. The differences in food consumption were between the subgroups, not between the strains. By the end, the percentage of lymphocytes from Peyer´s patches increased in the Sucrose subgroup but decreased significantly in other subgroups. Conclusion: The consumption of sweeteners may modify the lymphocyte population of Peyer's patches in the small intestine and this variation depends on the frequency of consumption the strain of the rodents and the type of sweetener.

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