scholarly journals Several Yeast Species Induce Iron Deficiency Responses in Cucumber Plants (Cucumis sativus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2603
Author(s):  
Carlos Lucena ◽  
María T. Alcalá-Jiménez ◽  
Francisco J. Romera ◽  
José Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Species ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Hansenula Polymorpha ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Ferric Reductase ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Promising Line

Iron (Fe) deficiency is a first-order agronomic problem that causes a significant decrease in crop yield and quality. Paradoxically, Fe is very abundant in most soils, mainly in its oxidized form, but is poorly soluble and with low availability for plants. In order to alleviate this situation, plants develop different morphological and physiological Fe-deficiency responses, mainly in their roots, to facilitate Fe mobilization and acquisition. Even so, Fe fertilizers, mainly Fe chelates, are widely used in modern agriculture, causing environmental problems and increasing the costs of production, due to the high prices of these products. One of the most sustainable and promising alternatives to the use of agrochemicals is the better management of the rhizosphere and the beneficial microbial communities presented there. The main objective of this research has been to evaluate the ability of several yeast species, such as Debaryomyces hansenii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hansenula polymorpha, to induce Fe-deficiency responses in cucumber plants. To date, there are no studies on the roles played by yeasts on the Fe nutrition of plants. Experiments were carried out with cucumber plants grown in a hydroponic growth system. The effects of the three yeast species on some of the most important Fe-deficiency responses developed by dicot (Strategy I) plants, such as enhanced ferric reductase activity and Fe2+ transport, acidification of the rhizosphere, and proliferation of subapical root hairs, were evaluated. The results obtained show the inductive character of the three yeast species, mainly of Debaryomyces hansenii and Hansenula polymorpha, on the Fe-deficiency responses evaluated in this study. This opens a promising line of study on the use of these microorganisms as Fe biofertilizers in a more sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture.

scholarly journals Influence of Ethylene Signaling in the Crosstalk Between Fe, S, and P Deficiency Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José García ◽  
Macarena Angulo ◽  
Carlos García ◽  
Carlos Lucena ◽  
Esteban Alcántara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Ferric Reductase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Specific Manner

To cope with P, S, or Fe deficiency, dicot plants, like Arabidopsis, develop several responses (mainly in their roots) aimed to facilitate the mobilization and uptake of the deficient nutrient. Within these responses are the modification of root morphology, an increased number of transporters, augmented synthesis-release of nutrient solubilizing compounds and the enhancement of some enzymatic activities, like ferric reductase activity (FRA) or phosphatase activity (PA). Once a nutrient has been acquired in enough quantity, these responses should be switched off to minimize energy costs and toxicity. This implies that they are tightly regulated. Although the responses to each deficiency are induced in a rather specific manner, crosstalk between them is frequent and in such a way that P, S, or Fe deficiency can induce responses related to the other two nutrients. The regulation of the responses is not totally known but some hormones and signaling substances have been involved, either as activators [ethylene (ET), auxin, nitric oxide (NO)], or repressors [cytokinins (CKs)]. The plant hormone ET is involved in the regulation of responses to P, S, or Fe deficiency, and this could partly explain the crosstalk between them. In spite of these crosslinks, it can be hypothesized that, to confer the maximum specificity to the responses of each deficiency, ET should act in conjunction with other signals and/or through different transduction pathways. To study this latter possibility, several responses to P, S, or Fe deficiency have been studied in the Arabidopis wild-type cultivar (WT) Columbia and in some of its ethylene signaling mutants (ctr1, ein2-1, ein3eil1) subjected to the three deficiencies. Results show that key elements of the ET transduction pathway, like CTR1, EIN2, and EIN3/EIL1, can play a role in the crosstalk among nutrient deficiency responses.

scholarly journals Growth and physiological impairments in Fe-starved alfalfa are associated with the downregulation of Fe and S transporters along with redox imbalance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Atikur Rahman ◽  
Md Bulbul Ahmed ◽  
Fahad Alotaibi ◽  
Khaled D. Alotaibi ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Ferric Reductase ◽  
Plasma Membrane Atpase ◽  
Oxidative Damages

Abstract Background Iron (Fe) is an essential plant nutrient. Its deficiency is a major constraint in crop production systems, affecting crop yield and quality. It is therefore important to elucidate the responses and adaptive mechanisms underlying Fe-deficiency symptoms in alfalfa. Materials and methods The experiment was carried out on 12-day-old alfalfa plants grown in hydroponics under Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditions. Results The Fe-starved alfalfa showed decreased plant biomass, chlorophyll score, PSII efficiency, and photosynthesis performance index in young leaves under low Fe. Further, Fe shortage reduced the Fe, Zn, S and Ca concentration in root and shoot of alfalfa accompanied by the marked decrease of MsIRT1, MsZIP, MsSULTR1;1, MsSULTR1;2 and MsSULTR1;3 transcripts in root and shoot. It indicates that retardation caused by Fe-deficiency was also associated with the status of other elements, especially the reduced Fe and S may be coordinately attributed to the photosynthetic damages in Fe-deficient alfalfa. The ferric chelate reductase activity accompanied by the expression of MsFRO1 in roots showed no substantial changes, indicating the possible involvement of this Strategy I response in Fe-deficient alfalfa. However, the proton extrusion and expression of MsHAI1 were significantly induced following Fe-deficiency. In silico analysis further suggested their subcellular localization in the plasma membrane. Also, the interactome map suggested the partnership of MsFRO1 with plasma membrane H+-ATPase, transcription factor bHLH47, and nitrate reductase genes, while MsHAI1 partners include ferric reductase-like transmembrane component, plasma membrane ATPase, vacuolar-type H-pyrophosphatase, and general regulatory factor 2. In this study, SOD and APX enzymes showed a substantial increase in roots but unable to restore the oxidative damages in Fe-starved alfalfa. Conclusion These findings promote further studies for the improvement of Fe-starved alfalfa or legumes through breeding or transgenic approaches. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Vacuolar iron stores gated by NRAMP3 and NRAMP4 are the primary source of iron in germinating seeds

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L Bastow ◽  
Vanesa S Garcia de la Torre ◽  
Andrew E Maclean ◽  
Robert T Green ◽  
Sylvain Merlot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Ferric Reductase ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Fe Homeostasis ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Early Seedling Development ◽  
Compare Gene Expression

ABSTRACTDuring seed germination, iron (Fe) stored in vacuoles is exported by the redundant NRAMP3 and NRAMP4 transporter proteins. A double nramp3 nramp4 mutant is unable to mobilize Fe stores and does not develop in the absence of external Fe. We used RNA sequencing to compare gene expression in nramp3 nramp4 and wild type during germination and early seedling development. Even though sufficient Fe was supplied, the Fe-responsive transcription factors bHLH38, 39, 100 and 101 and their downstream targets FRO2 and IRT1 mediating Fe uptake were strongly upregulated in the nramp3 nramp4 mutant. Activation of the Fe deficiency response was confirmed by increased ferric chelate reductase activity in the mutant. At early stages, genes important for chloroplast redox control (FSD1, SAPX), Fe homeostasis (FER1, SUFB) and chlorophyll metabolism (HEMA1, NYC1) were downregulated, indicating limited Fe availability in plastids. In contrast, expression of FRO3, encoding a ferric reductase involved in Fe import into the mitochondria, was maintained and Fe-dependent enzymes in the mitochondria were unaffected in nramp3 nramp4. Together these data show that a failure to mobilize Fe stores during germination triggered Fe deficiency responses and strongly affected plastids but not mitochondria.

Bicarbonate blocks the expression of several genes involved in the physiological responses to Fe deficiency of Strategy I plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Lucena ◽  
Francisco J. Romera ◽  
Carmen L. Rojas ◽  
María J. García ◽  
Esteban Alcántara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Ferric Reductase ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Fe Chlorosis ◽  
Fe Acquisition ◽  
Strategy I

Bicarbonate is considered one of the most important factors causing Fe chlorosis in Strategy I plants, mainly on calcareous soils. Most of its negative effects have been attributed to its capacity to buffer a high pH in soils, which can diminish both Fe solubility and root ferric reductase activity. Besides its pH-mediated effects, previous work has shown that bicarbonate can inhibit the induction of enhanced ferric reductase activity in Fe-deficient Strategy I plants. However, to date it is not known whether bicarbonate affects the upregulation of the ferric reductase gene and other genes involved in Fe acquisition. The objective of this work has been to study the effect of bicarbonate on the expression of several Fe acquisition genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. Genes for ferric reductases AtFRO2, PsFRO1, LeFRO1 and CsFRO1; iron transporters AtITR1, PsRIT1, LeIRT1 and CsIRT1; H+-ATPases CsHA1 and CsHA2; and transcription factors AtFIT and LeFER have been examined. The results showed that bicarbonate could induce Fe chlorosis by inhibiting the expression of the ferric reductase, the iron transporter and the H+-ATPase genes, probably through alteration of the expression of Fe efficiency reactions (FER) (or FER-like) transcription factors.

scholarly journals The fission yeast ferric reductase gene frp1+ is required for ferric iron uptake and encodes a protein that is homologous to the gp91-phox subunit of the human NADPH phagocyte oxidoreductase

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4342-4350
Author(s):  
D G Roman ◽  
A Dancis ◽  
G J Anderson ◽  
R D Klausner
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Predicted Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ferric Reductase

We have identified a cell surface ferric reductase activity in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A mutant strain deficient in this activity was also deficient in ferric iron uptake, while ferrous iron uptake was not impaired. Therefore, reduction is a required step in cellular ferric iron acquisition. We have cloned frp1+, the wild-type allele of the mutant gene. frp1+ mRNA levels were repressed by iron addition to the growth medium. Fusion of 138 nucleotides of frp1+ promoter sequences to a reporter gene, the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, conferred iron-dependent regulation upon the latter when introduced into S. pombe. The predicted amino acid sequence of the frp1+ gene exhibits hydrophobic regions compatible with transmembrane domains. It shows similarity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae FRE1 gene product and the gp91-phox protein, a component of the human NADPH phagocyte oxidoreductase that is deficient in X-linked chronic granulomatous disease.

Role of sulphur conferring differential tolerance to iron deficiency in Pisum sativum

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad H. Kabir ◽  
Nicholas G. Paltridge ◽  
James Stangoulis
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Proton Extrusion ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
Growth Features

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of sulphur foliar spray and S deprivation on Fe deficiency responses in two contrasting pea genotypes, Santi (tolerant) and Parafield (sensitive). Foliar application of sulphur enhanced morphological growth features, leaf chlorophyll score and root Fe chelate reductase activity predominantly in Santi and to a lesser extent in Parafield. These capacities eventually contribute to the higher Fe deficiency tolerance in Santi. These results are also important in terms of ameliorating Fe deficiency effects in peas through S foliar spray. Further, targeted investigation was performed on S deprivation in Santi and Parafield. S deprivation caused severe stunting, chlorosis and wrinkling in leaves and caused decrease in leaf Fe concentrations both in Santi and Parafield under Fe deficiency. S deprivation also led to a significant decrease in Fe chelate reductase and proton extrusion activities in both genotypes in Fe shortage. We conclude that S deficiency exacerbates Fe deficiency in peas by preventing the induction of the Fe chelate reductase activity and proton extrusion in roots. Taken together, these data confirm that Fe deficiency symptom expression and the Fe deficiency responses in peas are largely determined by S nutritional status.

scholarly journals Azo Reductase Activity of Intact Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells Is Dependent on the Fre1p Component of Plasma Membrane Ferric Reductase

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 3882-3888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia A. Ramalho ◽  
Sandra Paiva ◽  
A. Cavaco-Paulo ◽  
Margarida Casal ◽  
M. Helena Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Ferric Reductase ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Azo Reductase ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Ascomycete Yeast

ABSTRACT Unspecific bacterial reduction of azo dyes is a process widely studied in correlation with the biological treatment of colored wastewaters, but the enzyme system associated with this bacterial capability has never been positively identified. Several ascomycete yeast strains display similar decolorizing behaviors. The yeast-mediated process requires an alternative carbon and energy source and is independent of previous exposure to the dyes. When substrate dyes are polar, their reduction is extracellular, strongly suggesting the involvement of an externally directed plasma membrane redox system. The present work demonstrates that, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the ferric reductase system participates in the extracellular reduction of azo dyes. The S. cerevisiae Δfre1 and Δfre1 Δfre2 mutant strains, but not the Δfre2 strain, showed much-reduced decolorizing capabilities. The FRE1 gene complemented the phenotype of S. cerevisiae Δfre1 cells, restoring the ability to grow in medium without externally added iron and to decolorize the dye, following a pattern similar to the one observed in the wild-type strain. These results suggest that under the conditions tested, Fre1p is a major component of the azo reductase activity.

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