A Crystal Mush Perspective Explains Magma Variability at La Fossa Volcano (Vulcano, Italy)

The eruptive products of the last 1000 years at La Fossa volcano on the island of Vulcano (Italy) are characterized by abrupt changes of chemical composition that span from latite to rhyolite. The wide variety of textural features of these products has given rise to several petrological models dealing with the mingling/mixing processes involving mafic-intermediate and rhyolitic magmas. In this paper, we use published whole-rock data for the erupted products of La Fossa and combine them in geochemical and thermodynamic modelling in order to provide new constrains for the interpretations of the dynamics of the active magmatic system. The obtained results allow us to picture a polybaric plumbing system characterized by multiple magma reservoirs and related crystal mushes, formed from time to time during the differentiation of shoshonitic magmas, to produce latites, trachytes and rhyolites. The residing crystal mushes are periodically perturbated by new, fresh magma injections that, on one hand, induce the partial melting of the mush and, on the other hand, favor the extraction of highly differentiated interstitial melts. The subsequent mixing and mingling of mush-derived melts ultimately determine the formation of magmas erupted at La Fossa, whose textural and chemical features are otherwise not explained by simple assimilation and fractional crystallization models. In such a system, the compositional variability of the erupted products reflects the complexity of the physical and chemical interactions among recharging magmas and the crystal mushes.

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EVIDENCE FOR CRYSTAL-MUSH MOBILIZATION AND AN INTEGRATED MODEL FOR THE UPPER-CRUSTAL, OPEN MAGMATIC SYSTEM BENEATH HISTORICALLY HYPERACTIVE LLAIMA VOLCANO (38.7 S, CHILEAN ANDES)

10.1130/abs/2019cd-329020 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Dungan ◽

◽

Caroline Bouvet de Maisonneuve

Keyword(s):

Integrated Model ◽

Crystal Mush ◽

Magmatic System ◽

Llaima Volcano ◽

Chilean Andes

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Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) in Determining Mineral Status of Cotton in the Cotton Zones of Benin

Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition ◽

10.9734/ajsspn/2019/v5i330066 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Isidore Amonmidé ◽

Gustave D. Dagbénonbakin ◽

P. B. Irénikatché Akponikpè ◽

Emile C. Agbangba ◽

Pierre G. Tovihoudji

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Status ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Integrated System ◽

The Other ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Cotton Yield ◽

Seed Cotton ◽

Seed Cotton Yield ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Made In

This study aimed at developing parameters of the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) model for the assessment nutrient status for cotton grown in Benin.. Soil physical and chemical characteristics, leaves nutrient content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and seed-cotton yield were assessed on samples gathered from 150 farmers’ fields in 2018. Nutrient indices were computed using standard DRIS procedures. Results showed that phosphorus was in excess in the petiole and the whole leaves but in deficit in the limb. Potassium content was adequate according in the petiole and leaves but deficient in the limb. Ca content was limiting in the limb or the whole leaves and adequate in the petiole. Based on the diagnosis made in the petioles, Mg was deficient while adequate in the limbs and leaves. In the limb, the order of the macronutrients is as follows: K> P> N. On the other side, in the petiole and the whole leaves, the order of the macronutrients becomes: P> K> N. In the whole leaves and limb, the order of the secondary elements is as follows: Mg> Ca, whereas in the petiole the order of the secondary elements becomes: Ca> Mg.

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QUALITY EVALUATION OF SOME BOTTLED WATERS AVAILABLE IN IRAQI MARKET

Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development ◽

10.31272/jeasd.25.4.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

Mohammed A. Rashid ◽

◽

Nagam O. Kariem ◽

Keyword(s):

Quality Evaluation ◽

Trade Mark ◽

International Standards ◽

The Other ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Trade Names ◽

Ph Range ◽

Physical And Chemical

This study was intended to evaluate the quality of some bottled waters available in Iraqi market, by testing their physical, chemical and biological characteristics. These samples produced by four companies during the period of December- 2016 to April-2017. The selected companies had the biggest sells and were under the trade names of AlluLua, Ala, Alwafi, and Venesia. The results showed that most bottled waters samples characteristics were in compliance with Iraqi and international standards, with some superiority in water quality for the trade mark Allulua upon the other companies, but the trade mark Ala was at the end of the list of quality rank. All the tested samples showed clean bacteriological results for coliforms as pollution indicators and fecal coliforms (all tests MPN was less than 1.1). The other physical and chemical characteristics showed pH range of 6.21 ~ 7.7, TDS of 12.81 ~ 126.88 mg/L, Ca of 0.24 ~ 25.5 mg/L, Mg of 3.2 ~ 13.1 mg/L, Na of 0.92 ~ 23 mg/L, K of 0 ~ 0.39 mg/L, Hardness of 3.8 ~ 38.2 mg/L, and chloride of 3.55 ~ 35.5 mg/L.

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Influence of stock on physical and chemical traits of fresh apricot fruit

International Agrophysics ◽

10.2478/v10247-012-0075-x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 111-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Milošević ◽

N. Milošević ◽

I. Glišić ◽

G. Šekularac

Keyword(s):

Titratable Acidity ◽

The Other ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

Total Sugars ◽

Solids Content ◽

Chemical Traits ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Fruit Mass

Abstract The study was conducted to determine the effects of Myrobalan rootstock and Blackthorn interstock on fruit physical and chemical traits of five apricot cultivars. The results showed that cultivars grafted on Myrobalan rootstock appear to induce a higher fruit mass when compared with the Blackthorn interstock. Blackthorn interstock showed a tendency to induce a higher soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio than Myrobalan. Values of soluble solids content, total sugars, titratable acidity and fruit firmness between Myrobalan rootstock and Blackthorn interstock were not significant. Regarding cultivars, the greatest fruit mass observed in Roxana in both treatments, and the lowest in Biljana on Myrobalan and in Vera on Blackthorn. The lowest soluble solids, total sugars and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were found in Roxana in both variants of grafting, whereas the greatest titratable acidity also observed in Roxana in both cases, respectively. Based on the results from this study, the fruits of Roxana can be recommended for fresh consumption, whereas fruits of the other cultivars can be recommended for processing.

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Cooling rate studies of rocks from two basic dykes

Mineralogical Magazine ◽

10.1180/minmag.1982.046.340.15 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 46 (340) ◽

pp. 387-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. M. Corrigan

Keyword(s):

Crystal Growth ◽

Cooling Rate ◽

Incubation Period ◽

The Other ◽

Textural Features ◽

Variable Rate ◽

Constant Rate ◽

Loop Technique ◽

Basaltic Melts ◽

Cooling Model

SynopsisNucleation and crystal growth of plagioclase have been studied in two basaltic melts by one atmosphere, constant-rate and variable-rate cooling experiments using the wire-loop technique (Donaldson et al., 1975). Constant-rate cooling studies indicate that the length of the incubation period prior to nucleation varies systematically with the degree of supercooling and with the cooling rate. Attempts to determine the rates at which the marginal parts of two dykes (from the Isle of Arran, SW Scotland) cooled, by the attempted reproduction of the natural textural features, in constant-rate cooling experiments suggest that for one of the dykes, plagioclase phenocrysts at the contact could have grown at a cooling rate of approximately 3°C/hour and the groundmass plagioclase laths at faster cooling rates in excess of 10°C/hour. For the other dyke the plagioclase laths in the rocks 0.5 cm from the dyke contact probably grew at rates slower than 2°C/hour. Attempts to validate experimentally the Jaeger (1957) cooling model for the two dykes suggest that the dykes cooled at much slower rates than the theory predicts.

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Petrologic Insights into Rift Zone Magmatic Interactions from the 2011 Eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi

Journal of Petrology ◽

10.1093/petrology/egz064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (11) ◽

pp. 2051-2075

Author(s):

Brett H Walker ◽

Michael O Garcia ◽

Tim R Orr

Keyword(s):

Trace Element ◽

Rift Zone ◽

Magma Mixing ◽

Major And Trace Elements ◽

Kilauea Volcano ◽

The Other ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Mixing Processes ◽

Residual Magma ◽

Kīlauea Volcano

Abstract The high frequency of historical eruptions at Kīlauea Volcano presents an exceptional opportunity to address fundamental questions related to the transport, storage, and interaction of magmas within rift zones. The Nāpau Crater area on Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone (ERZ) experienced nine fissure eruptions within 50 years (1961–2011). Most of the magma intruded during these frequent eruptions remained stored within the rift zone, creating a potential magma mixing depot within the ERZ. The superbly monitored and sampled 2011 eruption (Puʻu ʻŌʻō episode 59) presents an extraordinary opportunity to evaluate magma mixing processes within the ERZ. Whole-rock, glass, and olivine compositions were determined, not only for lava from the 2011 eruption, but also for a new suite of Nāpau Crater area samples from the 1963, 1965, 1968, 1983, and 1997 eruptions, as well as the previously undocumented 1922 eruption. Whole-rock XRF data revealed two geochemically distinct magma batches for episode 59: one less evolved (∼6·6 wt % MgO, 0·46 wt % K2O) than the other (∼6·2 wt % MgO, 0·58 wt % K2O). Episode 59 lava is remarkably aphyric (∼0·1 vol. % phenocrysts), making use of mineralogy to identify parent magma affinities problematic. Linear compositional trends of whole-rock major and trace elements, and reversely zoned olivine crystals indicate episode 59 lavas underwent magma mixing. Least squares regression calculations and plots of major and trace element data, were used to evaluate whether the episode 59 samples are products of mixing summit-derived magma with residual magma from previous Nāpau Crater area eruptions. The regression results and trace element ratios are inconsistent with previously proposed mixing scenarios, but they do support mixing between summit-derived magma and residual magma from the 1983 and 1997 Nāpau Crater area eruptions. These magmas were stored in physically and chemically distinct pods at depths of 1·6–3·0 km prior to mixing with new magma intruded from the summit to produce the episode 59 lava. One pod contained a fractionated equivalent of 1983 lava, and the other a hybrid of compositions similar to 1983 and 1997 lavas. The petrology of episode 59 lava demonstrates that magmas from two previous eruptions (1983 and 1997) were available to mix with magma intruded from the summit region. This study clarifies the pre-eruptive history of the mixed episode 59 lava, and elucidates the evolution of the volcano's magmatic system in a region of frequent eruptions.

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Chemical and physical fractions of soil organic matter under various management regimes in Roraima, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4supl1p2419 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2419

Author(s):

Marden Daniel Espinoza Guardiola ◽

José Frutuoso Vale Júnior ◽

Edmilson Evangelista da Silva ◽

Celeste Queiroz Rossi ◽

Marcos Gervasio Pereira

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

The Other ◽

Management Systems ◽

Natural Fertility ◽

Chemical Attributes ◽

Pasture Area ◽

Physical And Chemical

The crop-livestock integration (CLI) and crop-livestock-forest integration (CLFI) management systems, have been shown to be viable approaches for increasing carbon sequestration in soils, resulting in the improvement of physical and chemical soil attributes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical attributes and organic matter in soils under Natural Forest (NF) converted to different uses and managed differently: rotational pasture area (PAST), crop-livestock integration (CLI), and crop-livestock-forest integration (CLIF). The research was conducted at the São Paulo farm, in Iracema, located in the south-central region of the state of Roraima, Brazil. The studied soil type was classified as Ultisol. Soil samples were taken by opening ditches and examining layers at 0.1-m depth intervals from surface to 0.60-m depth. Total organic carbon (TOC), chemical and granulometric fractionation of soil organic matter (SOM), oxidizable fractions, and light organic matter in water were analyzed. Our results showed low levels of the analyzed chemical elements, a characteristic of a soil with low natural fertility. This matches conditions inherent in source material, weathered by high rainfall, a warm and humid climate, and flat topographic relief. In the 0-0.1 m layer, the PAST and CLI systems had the highest TOC contents relative to the other systems studied. At other depths, there were no statistical differences among TOC levels. The highest concentration of C in the particulate fraction (POC) was noted in the surface layer in all management systems. The pasture system had the highest concentration POC in the top 0.10 m. Our results also showed that the upper 0.10 m of soil in NF contained the lowest content of organic carbon associated with mineral (MOC) relative to the managed agrosystems. In addition, humin provided the largest contribution to SOM in all evaluated management systems. The crop-livestock integration (CLI) and crop-livestock integration forest (CLIF) systems, emerged as a strong alternative to carbon incorporation and subsequently the improvement of physical and chemical soil attributes. The objective of this work to evaluate the chemical attributes and organic matter in soils under Natural forest (NF) converted into different use and management systems: pasture (PAST), crop-livestock Integration (CLI) and crop-livestock Integration forest (CLIF). The research was conducted at São Paulo farm in Iracema, located in the Center-South region of the State of Roraima, Brazil. The soil studied was classified as Argissolo Amarelo Distrófico. The samples were taken by the opening of trenches in layers of 0-0.10, 0.10- 0.20, 0.20- 0.40, and 0.40-0.60 m depth. Total organic carbon (TOC), chemical and granulometric fractionation of soil organic matter (SOM), oxidizable fractions and organic matter in water were analyzed. The results showed low levels of the analyzed chemical elements which characterizes soils with low natural fertility, which matches the conditions of the source material, high rainfall and regional temperature, as well as the flat local relief. In the 0-0.1 m layer, the PAST and CLI systems had the highest TOC contents when compared to the other systems studied, in the other depths there were no statistical differences between the TOC levels. The highest amount of C in the particulate fraction (COp) was verified in the surface layer in all evaluated management systems. The pasture area was the system with the greatest contribution of COp to the depth of 0-0.0 m. In relation to the carbon content associated with minerals (COam), the results showed that the depth of 0-0.05 m NF area presented the lowest levels when compared to the other systems. Regarding the humic substances, there was a larger contribution of humin in all evaluated systems.

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Modulatory role of a constitutively active population of α1D-adrenoceptors in conductance arteries

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00411.2001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 282 (2) ◽

pp. H475-H481 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Khalid Ziani ◽

Regina Gisbert ◽

Maria Antonia Noguera ◽

Maria Dolores Ivorra ◽

Pilar D'Ocon

Keyword(s):

Mesenteric Artery ◽

Functional Role ◽

Mesenteric Arteries ◽

The Other ◽

Active Population ◽

Abrupt Changes ◽

Resting Tone ◽

Constitutively Active

A constitutively active population of α1D-adrenoceptors in iliac and proximal, distal, and small mesenteric rat arteries was studied. The increase in resting tone (IRT) that evidences it was observed only in iliac and proximal mesenteric and was inhibited by prazosin (pIC50 = 9.57), 5-methylurapidil (pIC50 = 7.61), and BMY 7378 (pIC50 = 8.77). Chloroethylchlonidine (100 μmol/l) did not affect IRT, but when added before the other antagonists it blocked their effect. The potency shown by BMY 7378 confirms the α1D-subtype as responsible for IRT. BMY 7378 displayed greater inhibition of adrenergic responses in iliac (pIC50 = 7.57 ± 0.11) and proximal mesenteric arteries (pIC50 = 8.05 ± 0.2) than in distal (pIC50 = 6.94 ± 0.13) or small mesenteric arteries (pIC50 = 6.30 ± 0.14), which confirms the functional role of the α1D-adrenoceptor in iliac and proximal mesenteric arteries. This subtype prevents abrupt changes in iliac and proximal mesenteric artery caliber when the agonist disappears, and this modulatory role is evidenced by the slower decay in the response to norepinephrine after removal.

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XXVIII. On the nature of the forces concerned in producing the greater magnetic disturbances

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rstl.1862.0031 ◽

1862 ◽

Vol 152 ◽

pp. 621-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Royal Society ◽

The Other ◽

Iron Core ◽

Secondary Currents ◽

The Earth ◽

Other Hand ◽

Previous Communication ◽

Abrupt Changes ◽

Magnetic Disturbances

1. In a previous communication submitted to the Royal Society on June 28th, 1861, and since published in their Transactions, I ventured to make a suggestion regarding the nature of that connexion which subsists between magnetic disturbances, earth-currents, and auroras. In this hypothesis the earth was viewed as similar to the soft iron core of a Ruhmkorff’s machine, in which a primary disturbing current was supposed to induce magnetism. Earth-currents and auroras, on the other hand, were viewed as induced or secondary currents, caused by the small but abrupt changes which are constantly taking place in the strength of the primary disturbing current, these changes being very much heightened in effect by the action of the iron core, that is to say, of the earth.

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The ’Little’ Fish Canyon Tuff in Romania: Rejuvenation of granodioritic crystal mush resulting in homogeneous dacite recorded by the Haramul Mic lava dome (Ciomadul)

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19689 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emese Pánczél ◽

Maurizio Petrelli ◽

Réka Lukács ◽

Szabolcs Harangi

Keyword(s):

Lava Dome ◽

Thermal Evolution ◽

Bulk Composition ◽

Volcanic Complex ◽

Bulk Rock ◽

Crystal Mush ◽

Magmatic System ◽

Zircon Core ◽

Accessory Zircon ◽

Zircon Crystallization

Long-dormant volcanoes (quiescence time is several 100&#8217;s to 10&#8217;s thousand years between eruptions) pose a particular hazard, since the long repose time decreases the awareness and there is mostly a lack of monitoring. The Haramul Mic, a pancake-shaped flat dacitic lava dome is part of the Ciomadul Volcanic Complex in eastern-central Europe (Romania) and serves as an excellent example of such volcanoes. The Haramul Mic lava dome is the earliest product of the Young Ciomadul Eruption Period (YCEP), when the activity recrudesced in the area after about 200.000 years quiescence time. Eruption age of the dome determined by (U-Th)/He dating on zircon gave 154 +/- 16 ka that is in agreement with the youngest zircon U-Th outer rim date (142 +18/-16 ka). In the YCEP zircon crystallization dates record typically long, up to 350-400 kyr lifetime of the magmatic plumbing system, in case of &#160;Haramul Mic the oldest zircon core is 306 +/- 37 ka old.The 880.7 m high lava dome covers an area of 1.1 km2 and has a volume of ~0.15 km3. It is composed of crystal-rich homogeneous high-K dacite. The average crystal content is 35-40% and consists of plagioclase, amphibole, biotite and accessory zircon, apatite, titanite and Fe-Ti oxides. The groundmass is mainly built up by perlitic glass with some microlites. The dacite includes mafic enclaves having plagioclase and amphibole besides a large amount of biotite crystals, that eventuates K-rich, shoshonitic bulk composition. The dacite contains abundant felsic crystal clots which comprise plagioclase, amphibole, biotite and interstitial vesicular glass.Amphiboles are relatively homogeneous in chemical composition. They are low-Al hornblendes suggesting 700-800 oC crystallization condition at 200-300 MPa compared with experimental data. Al-in-hornblende geobarometer and amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer calculations give results reproducing these temperature and pressure ranges. Although the Kis-Haram dacite is fairly rich in 25-45 anorthite mol% plagioclase, no negative Eu anomaly can be observed in the bulk rock and the glass. Similarities between Fish Canyon Tuff and Kis-Haram rocks can be strikingly noted regarding the major and trace element contents of mineral phases, glass and bulk rock that all refer to a wet oxidised calc-alkaline magmatic system. The relatively small volume Kis-Haram lava dome represents a rejuvenated low-temperature granodioritic crystal mush having similar features as the large volume silicic eruption of Fish Canyon Tuff. Their recorded almost similarly long zircon crystallization intervals give an interesting aspect with regard to the thermal evolution of the magmatic system and eruption volumes.This research was financed by the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NKFIH) within No. K116528 project and was supported by the &#218;NKP-19-1 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology.

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