scholarly journals QUALITY EVALUATION OF SOME BOTTLED WATERS AVAILABLE IN IRAQI MARKET

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Rashid ◽  
◽  
Nagam O. Kariem ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Trade Names ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study was intended to evaluate the quality of some bottled waters available in Iraqi market, by testing their physical, chemical and biological characteristics. These samples produced by four companies during the period of December- 2016 to April-2017. The selected companies had the biggest sells and were under the trade names of AlluLua, Ala, Alwafi, and Venesia. The results showed that most bottled waters samples characteristics were in compliance with Iraqi and international standards, with some superiority in water quality for the trade mark Allulua upon the other companies, but the trade mark Ala was at the end of the list of quality rank. All the tested samples showed clean bacteriological results for coliforms as pollution indicators and fecal coliforms (all tests MPN was less than 1.1). The other physical and chemical characteristics showed pH range of 6.21 ~ 7.7, TDS of 12.81 ~ 126.88 mg/L, Ca of 0.24 ~ 25.5 mg/L, Mg of 3.2 ~ 13.1 mg/L, Na of 0.92 ~ 23 mg/L, K of 0 ~ 0.39 mg/L, Hardness of 3.8 ~ 38.2 mg/L, and chloride of 3.55 ~ 35.5 mg/L.

scholarly journals The Effect of Coating as Antifungi of Harumanis Mango's Post Harvest Losses

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Winda Amilia ◽  
Andrew Setiawan Rusdianto ◽  
Arma Dwi Novemi
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Tobacco Extract ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The amount of mango production in Indonesia is quite high, but the quality of postharvest mangoes is still quite low. The quality of the fruit will decline due to contamination; one of the contaminants is fungi. The way to reduce the damage of postharvest products is by coating applications. The purpose of this study was to study the physical, chemical and antifungal activities of harumanis mangoes’s quality which had been given coating during storage that could cause postharvest losses of harumanis mangoes. There are 3 treatments, each of them are respectively the provision of corn based coating  6% tobacco extract, 8% tobacco extract and 10% tobacco extract. The physical and chemical properties of the antifungal coating of tobacco extract made from corn coating for post-harvest damage on harumanis mangoes were obtained by weight loss, texture, colour, respiration rate, vitamin C and total dissolved solid. Preventing coating can prevent damage after harvest and protect the harumanis mango; therefore the quality of the mangoes can be maintained. The best results from the priority with the largest diameter inhibition zone were given corn starch 10% tobacco extract. Then the higher the concentration of extract used, the greater the diameter of the inhibition zone obtained. Based on all the tests performed (physical, chemical, and antifungal) the best treatment from the treatment was obtained that consisted of mangoes with antifungal layers of corn starch 10% tobacco extract. Because the P3 obtained the best results in maintaining physical, chemical content and fungi for 15 days.

The eQual Approach to the Assessment of E-Commerce Quality

2005 ◽  
pp. 161-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Barnes ◽  
Richard Vidgen
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Iterative Refinement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Over Time

Understanding the customer is a key aspect of developing any e-commerce offering. In doing so, organizations can improve their offerings over time and benchmark against competitors and best practice in any industry. eQual is a method for assessing the quality of Web sites. The eQual instrument has evolved via a process of iterative refinement in different e-commerce domains. Two of the studies conducted have examined online bookshops as a domain for e-commerce quality evaluation, one based on eQual 2.0 and the other on eQual 4.0. In this chapter we aim to examine these studies, and, as a result, to evaluate the use of the instrument and the benchmarking of the bookshops on two separate occasions. Of particular note are whether the findings are consistent across the two studies and the implications of the findings for e-commerce practice. Finally, the paper rounds off with some conclusions and directions for further research.

Physical-Chemical Experimental Study for FGD Wastewater of Coal-Fired Power Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1778-1783
Author(s):  
Lian Qing Yin ◽  
Shan Shan Zhang ◽  
Peng Kang ◽  
Hao Ning Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The volume of FGD wastewater of coal-fired power plant is very large, and it contains a large number of inorganic salts, suspended solids and heavy metals, the directly discharge of wastewater will cause a lot of pollution to the environment. This paper selects the FGD wastewater of Baoding power plant as a research object, it is taken experimental study by physical and chemical methods, the harmful substances in the wastewater are removed, so the quality of FGD wastewater achieves the national emission standards of sewage.

scholarly journals Physicochemical characterization and correlation of raw cow’s milk according to classification assigned in Panama

2021 ◽  
pp. 939-948
Author(s):  
Pablo Montero-Prado ◽  
Giancarlo Antonio Ruiz-Morales ◽  
Anibal Fossatti-Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Raw Cow’S Milk

Introduction. Currently, there are no bibliographic or statistical records that allow establishing a correlation between the physical-chemical quality characteristics of raw cow’s milk produced in the Republic of Panama and the classification it receives. Objective. To characterize and quantify the physical-chemical parameters of the quality of raw cow’s milk and correlate these characteristics with the classification that milk receives in Panama. Materials and methods. A stratified sampling was carried out according to the classification of raw cow´s milk (grade A, B, and C), 48 of grade A, 71 of grade B, and 393 of grade C. Random samples were taken in Cocle, Veraguas, Herrera and Los Santos during the rainy season from June to September 2018. In the Chiriquí province, the sampling was conducted during the dry season, from January to March 2019. In addition, it was necessary to have at least 512 producers or farms, so that the analysis reached a confidence level of 95 %, a standard deviation of 5 %, and a limit of error of 5 %. Results. The values found allow us to consider that the milk produced in Panama has the physical-chemical characteristics according to international standards. The correlation analysis indicated that the protein had a high relationship with solids non-fat (SNF), density (D), and lactose (L) (0.93, 0.91, and 0.96, respectively); also L is strongly related to SNF and D (0.94 and 0, 91, respectively). Conclusions. The analysis of variance did not allow to establish significant differences between the three existing classifications in the country, which allow a distribution of milk according to the grades of these parameters. However, it was possible to establish the existing correlation between some of these parameters.

scholarly journals QUALITY EVALUATION OF THREE NEWLY RELEASED SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 757c-757
Author(s):  
J.B. Magee ◽  
B.J. Smith ◽  
C.E. Gupton ◽  
J.M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The southern highbush (Vaccinium mostly corymbosum) blueberry cultivars Jubilee, Magnolia, and Pearl River, released by the USDA in 1994, were compared with `Premier' and `Climax', two widely planted rabbiteye (V. ashei) cultivars, on the basis of flowering and harvest dates, yield, and physical and chemical quality parameters. The southern highbush cultivars flowered later and ripened at least 1 week before `Climax', one of the earliest rabbiteyes. `Pearl River' berries had less waxy “bloom” and appeared almost black when fully ripe; they had significantly less anthocyanins than the other cultivars compared. `Premier' was lower in titratable acidity and higher in sugars than the southern highbush cultivars. Although data analysis indicated statistical differences in glucose and fructose concentrations among the other four cultivars, these differences were not pronounced. Based on the quality factors used in this study, the southern highbush cultivars compared acceptably to the rabbiteye cultivars.

scholarly journals The Diversity of Makrozoobenthos as Bio-Indicators of Water Quality of the River Kundur District Labuhanbatu

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1027-1033
Author(s):  
Winarti Winarti ◽  
Arman Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Total Abundance ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Observation Station ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chemical Water

Macrozoobenthos used as a bioindicator of the waters, this happens because of the nature of the benthos which has mpergerakan low so it got a lot of influence from the environment. This study aims to determine the condition of the river Kundur with a view the community structure of macrozoobenthos which include: species composition, abundance, diversity, uniformity and dominance as well as the physical and chemical parameters of water as a paremeter supporters. Based on the results of observations, macrozoobenthos were found during the study in the river Kundur consists of 3 phylum, 4 classes, 17 family with 11 species. The composition of the class of macrozoobenthos in the whole of the observation station consists of a Gastropod (37%), Insecta (23%), Malacostraca (20%), Polychaeta (10%) dan Malacostraca (20%). The value of an abundance ranged from 325,7 - 3309,6 ind/m3. With the value of the total abundance at Station I which is equal to 3690,1 ind/m3, Station II 3723,1 ind/m3, Station III 3692,3 ind/m3 can be categorized diversity are light polluted with the value of the index of uniformity (E) that describes the spread of the individual tends to be uniform or relatively the same. While the condition of the physical-chemical parameters and the substrate bottom of the river Kundur in general has a range of relatively homogeneous, spread evenly throughout the observation stations and still be able to support life macrozoobenthos. To the results of measurements of the parameters of physico-chemical water and substrate in the river kundur in general has a range of relatively homogeneous in the whole observation stations and still be able to support the life of the macrozoobenthos.

scholarly journals Effect of different initial C/N ratio of cow manure and straw on microbial quality of compost

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
M. A. Macias-Corral ◽  
J. A. Cueto-Wong ◽  
J. Morán-Martínez ◽  
L. Reynoso-Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Initial Carbon

Abstract Purpose The effect of different initial carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios on the prevalence of Salmonella spp., fecal coliforms and helminth eggs over composts produced from several mixtures of maize straw (S) and dairy manure (M) was investigated. Methods Four C/N ratios (21, 22, 27, and 38) were evaluated, including one with manure only (C/N 21). The composting process was performed under field conditions in northern Mexico. Results The process lasted 51 days; Salmonella spp. was reduced 1–2 log (> 94%) in most treatments, except for the C/N ratio of 27 which achieved < 1 log reduction (about 35%). Fecal coliforms elimination was 3–4 log (> 99%) in all treatments while helminth eggs achieved < 1 log (72–87%, depending on treatment). In this study, the mixture with initial C/N ratio of 22 (25% S + 75% M), which had the lowest amount of straw, resulted in the highest elimination of Salmonella spp., fecal coliforms, and helminth eggs. This mix complied with current Mexican sanitary regulations for compost use. The composts produced from the other C/N ratios complied only with the limits for one or two of the microorganisms that were analyzed. Conclusions The initial C/N ratios in compost from straw and manure influences microbial reduction. The final C/N of the mixes ranged from 14 to 16, indicative of stable compost. Compared to fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs were more resilient.

Removal of fecal coliforms, somatic coliphages and F-specific bacteriophages in a stabilization pond and reservoir system in arid regions

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Alcalde ◽  
G. Oron ◽  
L. Gillerman ◽  
M. Salgot ◽  
Y. Manor
Keyword(s):  
Treatment System ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Somatic Coliphages ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Reservoir System ◽  
Viral Indicators ◽  
One Year ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The City

The contents of FC, somatic coliphages and F-specific bacteriophages were measured in the stabilization pond and stabilization reservoir system of the City of Arad (Israel) in order to determine the efficiency of the treatment process regarding the microorganisms removal. Monitoring was conducted close to one year. Physical and chemical parameters (temperature, pH, BOD5, COD, SS) were also analyzed with the aim of finding factors that affect the microorganisms removal. The field results prove a very good performance of this treatment system. FC, somatic coliphages and F-specific bacteriophages were removed between 4.16 and 5.76 log units, during winter and in between 6.02 and 6.47 log units during summer. The microbial quality of the final effluent complies with the WHO guidelines for unrestricted irrigation. The results also indicate that retention time and temperature seem to be the most important factors for microorganisms removal. F-specific bacteriophages were removed at higher rates than FC and somatic coliphages. Consequently, it is suggested that F-specific bacteriophages might be less adequate viral indicators for this treatment system.

scholarly journals Microbial, physical and chemical properties of irrigation water in rice fields of Southern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-375
Author(s):  
MARIA HELENA L.R. RECHE ◽  
VILMAR MACHADO ◽  
DANILO A. SAUL ◽  
VERA R.M. MACEDO ◽  
ELIO MARCOLIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Soil Climate

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of the statistical analysis of microbiological, physical and chemical parameters related to the quality of the water used in rice fields in Southern Brazil. Data were collected during three consecutive crop years, within structure of a comprehensive monitoring program. The indicators used were: potential hydrogen, electrical conductivity, turbidity, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, total and fecal coliforms. Principal Component and Discriminant Analysis showed consistent differences between the water irrigation and drainage, as the temporal variation demonstrated a clear reduction in the concentration of most of the variables analyzed. The pattern of this reduction is not the same in the two regions - that is, the importance of each of the different variables in the observed differentiation is modified in two locations. These results suggested that the variations in the water quality utilized for rice irrigation was influenced by certain specific aspects of each rice region in South Brazilian - such as anthropic action or soil/climate conditions in each hydrographic basin.

CARACTERÍSTICAS DETERMINANTES DE REDES: UM ESTUDO NOS RELACIONAMENTOS DO SETOR HOTELEIRO DAS DESTINAÇÕES TURÍSTICAS DE GRAMADO E CANELA (RS)

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lali Felker de Curtis ◽  
Valmir Emil Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Mutual Learning ◽  
Service Culture ◽  
Trust And Reputation ◽  
Hotel Sector ◽  
To Receive

The region of Gramado and Canela, in the State Rio Grande do Sul, has the capacity to promote the economy of the Hortênsias Region. Therefore, Gramado was selected by the MTur (Ministry of Tourism) to receive investments aimed at providing quality of service with international standards, under the premise of networks. Likewise, the service culture is focused on quality, requiring of the hotel activity, due its interdependent nature, relationships with suppliers, competitors and/or complementary enterprises in their productive chain. An applied-comparative and descriptive study was designed, within a quantitative approach, identified as a census survey, to determine the presence of determining characteristics of networks in the relationships in the hotel sector of these destinations. The results obtained enable to infer that cooperation is more accepted in the accommodation establishments of Canela; It is concluded that the destinations compared do not present any statistically significant differences in relation to the other attributes investigated (flexibility, mutual learning, trust, and reputation).

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