scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Tap Water and the Factors Influencing Its Value

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wątor ◽  
Piotr Rusiniak ◽  
Agnieszka Martyna ◽  
Ewa Kmiecik ◽  
Adam Postawa
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Pipe Work

(1) Background: The influence of tap water fittings construction and internal pipe-work on the release of heavy metals was investigated. (2) Methods: A statistical approach was applied for the examination of the chemistry of tap water in five different cities in southern Poland. In total, 500 samples were collected (from 100 to 101 samples in each city). The sampling protocol included information on the construction of the water supply network and the physicochemical parameters of measured tap water. (3) Results: The statistical analysis allowed to extract the crucial factors that affect the concentrations of trace elements in tap water. Age of connection, age of tap, age of pipe-work as well as material of connection, material of pipe-work and material of appliance reveal the most significant variability of concentrations observed for As, Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn. Calculated cancer risks (CRs) decrease with the following order of analysed elements Ni > Cd > Cr > As = Pb and can be associated with the factors that affect the appearance of such elements in tap water. The hazard index (HI) was evaluated as negligible in 59.1% of the sampling points and low in 40.1% for adults. For children, a high risk was observed in 0.2%, medium in 9.0%, negligible in 0.4%, and low for the rest of the analysed samples.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Kampala (Uganda) Drinking Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bamuwamye ◽  
Patrick Ogwok ◽  
Vivian Tumuhairwe ◽  
Richard Eragu ◽  
Henriettah Nakisozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Guideline Values

Levels of aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc in tap water, groundwater-fed protected spring and bottled water were determined. The cancer and non-cancer risks associated with ingestion of heavy metals (HM) were also assessed for both children and adults. Forty seven water samples obtained from five divisions of Kampala city were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Cancer and non-cancer risks were determined using incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ), respectively. Lead content was higher than permissible limits (PL) according to East African Standard, World Health Organization, European Union and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Arsenic showed minor exceedances above guideline values in tap water and groundwater-fed protected spring, whereas mercury, manganese and nickel were higher than PL. Levels of aluminium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, and zinc were below the PL. The lifetime risk of developing cancer through the oral route was greater than the USEPA acceptable level for both children and adults, revealing that exposure to HM in drinking water posed an unacceptable potential cancer risk. Arsenic contributed ca. 90% of the ILCR in tap water and groundwater-fed protected spring. The combined non-cancer risk of the HM expressed as hazard index (HI) was greater than one, with values for children being higher than those for adults. Lead contribution towards HI was in all cases above 90%. These results demonstrate the presence of alarming non-cancer risks for children.

scholarly journals Human health risk assessment of trace elements in drinking tap water in Zahedan city, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1163-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohadeseh Dashtizadeh ◽  
Hossein Kamani ◽  
Seyed Davoud Ashrafi ◽  
Ayat Hossein Panahi ◽  
Amir Hossein Mahvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Human Health Risk Assessment

scholarly journals Trace Elements and Omega-3 Fatty Acids of Wild and Farmed Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Consumed in Bulgaria: Human Health Risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10023
Author(s):  
Katya Peycheva ◽  
Veselina Panayotova ◽  
Rositsa Stancheva ◽  
Lubomir Makedonski ◽  
Albena Merdzhanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
The Black Sea

The unique, closed ecosystem of the Black Sea is of significant global importance. The levels and health risk of some trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) in wild and farmed mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected from the Bulgarian part of the Black Sea were determined and using different approaches such as Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), Target risk (TR), human health risk levels were assessed. The mean maximum concentrations of the elements Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in all mussel samples were below the maximum permissible limits (MPLs) except that which exceeded the limit of 2.00 mg/kg ww. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acids profile studied mussels showed that the farmed mussels had higher PUFA/SFA ratios, DHA and EPA+DHA content and lower SFA, AI and TI values. The target risk (TR) values for Pb, Cr, Ni and As were calculated, evaluated and showed acceptable or negligible levels. Target hazard quotients (THQs) and hazard index (HI) from elemental intake were below 1 indicated no hazard from consumption. The benefit–risk ratio indicated that wild and cultured M. galloprovincialis are safe for human consumption.

scholarly journals Air Quality and Human Health Risk Assessment in the Residential Areas at the Proximity of the Nkolfoulou Landfill in Yaoundé Metropolis, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Feuyit ◽  
Serge Nzali ◽  
John Ngolui Lambi ◽  
Samuel Laminsi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Safe Limit

Landfill operations generate particulate matters (PM) and toxic gases that can jeopardize human health. This study was conducted in February 2016 to assess the air quality in the residential areas around the Nkolfoulou landfill in Yaoundé. The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were determined with Dust Sentry while those of CO, O3, NO2, CH4, CO2, CH2O, H2S, and SO2 were measured using gas sensors. At the landfill neighborhood, 30% of the daily mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 crossed the daily safe limits. The concentrations of CO, O3, NO2, SO2, and H2S recorded at the propinquity of the landfill complied with the emission standards. Near the landfill, hourly mean concentrations of CH2O and H2S higher than their odour thresholds were recorded at each sampling site. The concentrations of CH4 were less than its lower explosive limit while those of CO2 were far below the safe limit for occupational health. The values of cancer risk (CR) due to the inhalation of CH2O were >10−6 while those of hazard index (HI) due to the inhalation of CH2O, H2S, and SO2 were <1. Thus, there might be increased cancer risks at the Nkolfoulou landfill neighborhood, whereas the increased non-cancer risks were low. 96.76% of the daily average levels of air pollutants registered near the landfill surpassed those recorded at the remote control site. Hence, the landfill operations might be supplying air pollutants to the neighbouring residential areas.

scholarly journals Human health risk assessment data of trace elements concentration in tap water—Abeokuta South, Nigeria

Data in Brief ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1416-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogbiye A. Samuel ◽  
Emenike C. PraiseGod ◽  
Tenebe I. Theophilus ◽  
Kafi C. Omolola
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Human Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Data

scholarly journals The Seasonality of Nitrite Concentrations in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo-Liisa Rantanen ◽  
Ilkka Mellin ◽  
Minna Keinänen-Toivola ◽  
Merja Ahonen ◽  
Riku Vahala
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution System ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

We studied the seasonal variation of nitrite exposure in a drinking water distribution system (DWDS) with monochloramine disinfection in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. In Finland, tap water is the main source of drinking water, and thus the nitrite in tap water increases nitrite exposure. Our data included both the obligatory monitoring and a sampling campaign data from a sampling campaign. Seasonality was evaluated by comparing a nitrite time series to temperature and by calculating the seasonal indices of the nitrite time series. The main drivers of nitrite seasonality were the temperature and the water age. We observed that with low water ages (median: 6.7 h) the highest nitrite exposure occurred during the summer months, and with higher water ages (median: 31 h) during the winter months. With the highest water age (190 h), nitrite concentrations were the lowest. At a low temperature, the high nitrite concentrations in the winter were caused by the decelerated ammonium oxidation. The dominant reaction at low water ages was ammonium oxidation into nitrite and, at high water ages, it was nitrite oxidation into nitrate. These results help to direct monitoring appropriately to gain exact knowledge of nitrite exposure. Also, possible future process changes and additional disinfection measures can be designed appropriately to minimize extra nitrite exposure.

scholarly journals Multipathway risk assessment of trihalomethane exposure in drinking water of Lebanon

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Semerjian ◽  
John Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Oral Ingestion ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

The toxicological risks and lifetime cancer risks of trihalomethanes through oral ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation exposure from tap water in selected regions in Lebanon are estimated. Existing trihalomethane concentrations do not pose any non-carcinogenic and developmental risks in the exposed population via oral ingestion. Among the three pathways, residents have a higher risk of cancer through oral ingestion than through the other two pathways. The lifetime cancer risk through oral ingestion for dibromochloromethane makes the highest contribution to total risks, followed by bromodichloromethane, bromoform, and chloroform. The total multipathway cancer risk analysis suggests that no cancer risks exist during the summer and winter seasons; however, in the spring the total cancer risks exceeds the USEPA acceptable level of 10−6 by a factor of 10.7.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Nutrients in the Leachate and the Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Farming around the Nkolfoulou Landfill in Yaoundé, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Gilbert Feuyit ◽  
John Ngolui Lambi ◽  
Estella Njoyim-Tamungang ◽  
Samuel Laminsi
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Pollute Groundwater

This study focuses on the assessment of the nutrients in the leachate and the groundwater quality around the Nkolfoulou landfill in Yaoundé known in French as “Centre de Traitement de Déchets (CTD).” Landfilling generates leachate that can pollute groundwater. Leachate along with groundwater samples (n=1+13) was collected in January (long dry season) and May (long wet season) 2014 and explored for various parameters including pH, temperature, EC, turbidity, TDS, TA, TSS, TH, BOD5, COD, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+, NO3−, Cl−, F−, SO42−, PO43−, HCO3−, and colour using standard methods. In the leachate samples, values of TSS (700.2 and 130.2 mg/L), BOD5 (140 mg/L), COD (1350 and 1750 mg/L), NH4+ (82.50 and 39.51 mg/L), NO3− (159.32 and 74.82 mg/L), and Cl− (702.69 and 345.50 mg/L) exceeded the Cameroonian standards for effluent discharge. All the values of pH and some values of turbidity (4.55 and 4.50 NTU) and NH4+ (0.51 and 0.73 mg/L) in the groundwater samples violated the Cameroonian standards for drinking water. Based on the water quality index (WQI), an average of 11.53% of groundwater samples was improper for drinking in both seasons. Based on the parameters assessed, all the samples complied with the standard set for irrigation, poultry, and livestock. The hazard quotient (HQ) and the hazard index (HI) of NO3− and F− for children and adults were <1, and hence, the increased non-cancer risks due to these ions through the drinking of groundwater was low. From the statistical analysis, the Nkolfoulou landfill may not be the main source of major ions to the nearby groundwater.

A review of heavy metals in indoor dust and its human health-risk implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sock Yin Tan ◽  
Sarva Mangala Praveena ◽  
Emilia Zainal Abidin ◽  
Manraj Singh Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Indoor Dust

AbstractIndoor dust acts as a media for heavy metal deposition. Past studies have shown that heavy metal concentration in indoor dust is affected by local human activities and atmospheric transport can have harmful effects on human health. Additionally, children are more sensitive to heavy metals due to their hand-to-mouth behaviour and rapid body development. However, limited information on health risks were found in past dust studies as these studies aimed to identify heavy metal concentrations and sources of indoor dust. The objective of this review is to discuss heavy metal concentration and sources influencing its concentration in indoor dust. Accordingly, high lead (Pb) concentration (639.10 μg/g) has been reported in heavy traffic areas. In addition, this review paper aims to estimate the health risk to children from heavy metals in indoor dust via multiple exposure pathways using the health-risk assessment (HRA). Urban areas and industrial sites have revealed high heavy metal concentration in comparison to rural areas. Hazard index (HI) values found in arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and Pb were 21.30, 1.10 and 2.40, respectively, indicate that non-carcinogenic elements are found in children. Furthermore, most of the past studies have found that carcinogenic risks for As, cadmium (Cd), Cr and Pb were below the acceptable total lifetime cancer risk (TLCR) range (1×10

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