Ethanolic Extract of Origanum vulgare Suppresses Propionibacterium acnes-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Monocyte and Mouse Ear Edema Models

Acne vulgaris (acne) is a common inflammatory skin disorder, and Propionibacterium acnes plays a major role in the development and progression of acne inflammation. Herbs possessing antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity have been applied as a medical option for centuries. In this study, we examined the suppressive effect of ethanolic oregano (Origanum vulgare) extract on live P. acnes-induced in vivo and in vitro inflammation. Following ethanol extraction of oregano leaves, four compounds with strong antioxidant activity, including rosmarinic acid, quercetin, apigenin, and carvacrol, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Using the mouse ear edema model, we demonstrated that ethanol oregano extracts (EOE) significantly suppressed P. acnes-induced skin inflammation, as measured by ear thickness (32%) and biopsy weight (37%). In a separate study, using the co-culture of P. acnes and human THP-1 monocytes, EOE reduced the production of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α up to 40%, 37%, and 18%, respectively, as well as the expression of these three pro-inflammatory mediators at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, EOE inhibited the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) into the nucleus possibly by inactivating toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2). The suppressive effect of EOE on live P. acnes-induced inflammatory responses could be due, in part, to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but not the anti-microbial effect of EOE.

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Rosa davurica Pall. Improves Propionibacterium acnes-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Mouse Ear Edema Model and Suppresses Pro-Inflammatory Chemokine Production via MAPK and NF-κB Pathways in HaCaT Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21051717 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1717 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Du Hyeon Hwang ◽

Dong Yeol Lee ◽

Phil-Ok Koh ◽

Hye Ryeon Yang ◽

Changkeun Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Propionibacterium Acnes ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Hacat Cells ◽

Chemokine Production ◽

Ear Edema ◽

Antimicrobial Effects ◽

Mouse Ear ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Mouse Ear Edema

Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a common disorder of human skin involving the sebaceous gland and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Although there are a number of treatments suggested for acne, many of them have limitations in their safety and have efficacy issues. Therefore, there is a high demand to develop safe and effective novel acne treatments. In the present study, we demonstrate the protective effects of Rosa davurica Pall. leaves (RDL) extract against P. acnes-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that RDL dose-dependently inhibited the growth of skin bacteria, including P. acnes (KCTC3314) and aerobic Staphylococcus aureus (KCTC1621) or Staphylococcus epidermidis (KCTC1917). The downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines by RDL appears to be mediated by blocking the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and subsequent nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways in P. acnes-stimulated HaCaT cells. In a mouse model of acne vulgaris, histopathological changes were examined in the P. acnes-induced mouse ear edema. The concomitant intradermal injection of RDL resulted in the reduction of ear swelling in mice along with microabscess but exerted no cytotoxic effects for skin cells. Instrumental analysis demonstrated there were seven major components in the RDL extract, and they seemed to have important roles in the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of RDL. Conclusively, our present work showed for the first time that RDL has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects against P. acnes, suggesting RDL as a promising novel strategy for the treatment of acne, including natural additives in anti-acne cosmetics or pharmaceutical products.

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Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Zingiber cassumunar Gel

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.773.360 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 773 ◽

pp. 360-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sroisiri Thaweboon ◽

Boonyanit Thaweboon ◽

Rattiporn Kaypetch

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Ear Edema ◽

Mouse Ear ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Zingiber Cassumunar ◽

Mouse Ear Edema ◽

Inflammatory Effect

This study aimed to investigate the antifungal, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of Zingiber cassumunar gel. The gel was prepared from essential oil of Zingiber cassumunar rhizome by the Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research. Antifungal activity of the gel was firstly determined by the well diffusion method against Candida albicans ATCC 10238 and candida strain isolated from the patient’s lesion. Then, the Agar overlay technique was used to test the cytotoxicity of Z. cassumunar gel on mouse fibroblasts (ATCC clone 929) according to ISO 7405. For anti-inflammatory effect of the gel, TPA (carrageenan lambda type IV, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate)-induced mouse ear edema method was used. The results of well diffusion showed that Z. cassumunar gel was quite a potent antifungal agent against both strains of tested C. albicans with inhibition zones of 12-13 mm. In the cytotoxicity test, the gel exhibited no toxicity to cell culture. In addition, topical administration of Z. cassumunar gel could decrease mouse ear edema induced by TPA. At 30 and 60 min-time points, Z. cassumunar gel showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than triamcinolone which was used as reference anti-inflammatory drug. In conclusion, gel prepared from Z. cassumunar oil showed antifungal activity against both strains of C. albicans. In addition, its anti-inflammatory effect was demonstrated within 30 min by the TPA-induced mouse ear edema model. The gel was non-toxic to cell culture after 24-h incubation. Further studies are needed to clarify the safety and benefit of this gel for clinical use in the treatment of candidal infection and inflammation.

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) Ethyl Acetate Extract on Croton Oil-Induced Mouse Ear Edema

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11209697 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (20) ◽

pp. 9697

Author(s):

Eduardo Padilla-Camberos ◽

Omar Ricardo Torres-Gonzalez ◽

Ivan Moises Sanchez-Hernandez ◽

Nestor Emmanuel Diaz-Martinez ◽

Oscar Rene Hernandez-Perez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Ear Edema ◽

Croton Oil ◽

Mouse Ear ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Mouse Ear Edema

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the development of medicinal plant-based therapies to diminish the ravages of the inflammatory process related to diseases and tissue damage. Most therapeutic effects of these traditional medicinal plants are owed to their phenolic and antioxidant properties. C. aconitifolius is a traditional medicinal plant in Mexico. Previous characterization reports have stated its high nutritional and antioxidant components. The present study aimed to better understand the biological activity of C. aconitifolius in inflammation response. We developed an ethyl acetate extract of this plant to evaluate its anti-inflammatory capacity and its flavonoid content. The topical anti-inflammatory effect of the ethyl acetate extract of C. aconitifolius was determined by the croton oil-induced mouse ear edema test, while flavonoid detection and concentration were determined by thin layer chromatography and the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. Topical application of the extract showed significant inhibition of the induced-ear edema (23.52 and 49.41% for 25 and 50 mg/kg dose, respectively). The extract also exhibited the presence of flavonoids. The finding of the anti-inflammatory activity exerted by the C. aconitifolius and the identification of its active principles may suggest and support its use for inflammation treatment.

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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Sargassum patens C. Agardh Ethanol Extract in LPS-induced RAW264.7 Cells and Mouse Ear Edema

Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters ◽

10.4014/mbl.1610.10002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 110-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Min-Ji Kim ◽

Min-Ju Kim ◽

Koth Bong Woo Ri Kim ◽

Sun Hee Park ◽

Hyeun Deok Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

Ear Edema ◽

Mouse Ear ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Sargassum Patens ◽

Mouse Ear Edema ◽

Inflammatory Effect

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Retrofractamide C Derived from Piper longum Alleviates Xylene-Induced Mouse Ear Edema and Inhibits Phosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB in LPS-Induced J774A.1

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25184058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (18) ◽

pp. 4058 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hyung Jin Lim ◽

Seon Gyeong Bak ◽

Eun Jae Park ◽

Sae-Kwang Ku ◽

Soyoung Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Edema Formation ◽

Ear Edema ◽

Extracellular Signal ◽

Edema Model ◽

Mouse Ear ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α ◽

Mouse Ear Edema ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Many studies have reported the biological activities of retrofractamide C (RAC). However, few studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of RAC. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of RAC using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced J774A.1 cells and a xylene-induced mouse ear edema model. Treatment with RAC decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) protein expression. It also downregulated the LPS-induced production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but not tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). In the LPS-induced signaling pathway, RAC inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or p38. In a xylene-induced mouse ear edema model, RAC treatment alleviated edema formation and inflammatory cell infiltration. In conclusion, the present study indicates that RAC has the potential to have anti-inflammatory effects and could be a prospective functional food.

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The anti-inflammatory effects of phlorotannins from Eisenia arborea on mouse ear edema by inflammatory inducers

Journal of Functional Foods ◽

10.1016/j.jff.2013.08.010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 2019-2023 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Yoshimasa Sugiura ◽

Ryusuke Tanaka ◽

Hirotaka Katsuzaki ◽

Kunio Imai ◽

Teruo Matsushita

Keyword(s):

Ear Edema ◽

Eisenia Arborea ◽

Mouse Ear ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Mouse Ear Edema

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Dichloromethane Fraction from Katsuwonus pelamis Heart in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells and Mouse Ear Edema

Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters ◽

10.4014/mbl.1609.09008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 101-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Min-Ji Kim ◽

Nan-Young Bae ◽

Hyeun-Deok Choi ◽

Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri Kim ◽

Sun-Hee Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽

Ear Edema ◽

Mouse Ear ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Mouse Ear Edema

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Hexane Fraction from Sargassum fulvellum Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in RAW 264.7 Cells via NF-κB Pathways

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x13500407 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (03) ◽

pp. 565-584 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Wi-Gyeong Gwon ◽

Min-Sup Lee ◽

Jong-Soon Kim ◽

Jae-Il Kim ◽

Chi-Won Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Hexane Fraction ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Ear Edema ◽

Sargassum Fulvellum ◽

Mouse Ear ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Mouse Ear Edema ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Sargassum fulvellum (Turner) C. Agardh has been used to treat various inflammatory diseases, including lump, dropsy, swollen and painful scrotum, and urination problems for several centuries with no side effects. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the hexane fraction of S. fulvellum (HFS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced mouse-ear edema. The anti-inflammatory activity of HFS in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was investigated by assessing the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokine production during Griess reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the anti-inflammatory action of HFS were investigated by analyzing the activation of transcription factor and its upstream signaling proteins. Additionally, an in vivo study of the anti-inflammatory effect of HFS was carried out using PMA-induced mouse-ear edema. HFS inhibited LPS-induced NO production in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in the RAW 264.7 cells. Further, HFS reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. HFS significantly inhibited LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcriptional activity and NF-κB translocation into the nucleus by preventing degradation of inhibitor κB-α. Moreover, HFS inhibited the activation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, HFS suppressed PMA-induced mouse-ear edema. The above data indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of HFS on LPS-stimulated cells are associated with the suppression of NF-κB through the inhibition of MAPKs and Akt phosphorylation.

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