A Research Protocol: Comparison of Ultrasound Therapy with Zingiber Cassumunar Roxb based Phonophoresis and Conventional Gel in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis-Randomized Control Trial

Background: Knee Osteoarthritis is considered as the leading cause of the disability in almost all over the world after age of 40. Almost about 54 percent people will end up in knee osteoarthritis in old age. Awareness of non-pharmacological treatment for knee osteoarthritis is more in practice in European as well as in Asian countries. Physical therapy, Ultrasound therapy, Otago exercises etc. are the treatments that are available for conservative management as well as preventive measure of knee Osteoarthritis. Methodology: Subjects with knee osteoarthritis with grade II to III on Kallgren and Lawrence classification will be included in the study N = 52. Two groups each of 26 will be allocated randomly as group A who will receive ultrasound treatment with Otago exercises control group and group B who will receive ultrasound treatment with zingiber Cassumunar based gel and Otago exercises as experimental group. The Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), VAS, star excursion balance test will be performed before and after the treatment after 2 weeks with single blind procedure. Objective: This research will examine the effect of treatment with Zingiber Cassumunar based gel applied by means of phonophoresis with ultrasound therapy in knee osteoarthritis patients with Randomized control trial.

Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Essential Oil-Loaded Electrospun Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Fiber Blend Membrane for Antibacterial Wound Dressing Application

The essential oil from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Plai) has long been used in Thai herbal remedies to treat inflammation, pains, sprains, and wounds. It was therefore loaded into an electrospun fibrous membrane for use as an analgesic and antibacterial dressing for wound care. The polymer blend between poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene oxide) was selected as the material of choice because its wettability can be easily tuned by changing the blend ratio. Increasing the hydrophilicity and water uptake ability of the material while retaining its structural integrity and porosity provides moisture balance and removes excess exudates, thereby promoting wound healing. The effect of the blend ratio on the fiber morphology and wettability was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement, respectively. The structural determination of the prepared membranes was conducted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The release behavior of (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) butadiene (DMPBD), a marker molecule with potent anti-inflammatory activity from the fiber blend, showed a controlled release characteristic. The essential oil-loaded electrospun membrane also showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. It also exhibited no toxicity to both human fibroblast and keratinocyte cells, suggesting that the prepared material is suitable for wound dressing application.

Effect of Zingiber Cassumunar Roxb. Phonophoresis versus Aqua sonic gel on pain, range of motion and functional disability in patients with Osteoarthritis of knee: Randomized control trial.

BackgroundThis research aims at assessing the use of ultrasound in combination with a ayurvedic ani-inflammatory Zingiber Cassumunar gel, considering the parameters of physiotherapy on knee osteoarthritis. Zingiber cassumunar (ginger) has been used, for its anti-inflammatory properties, orally as well by it’s topical application. Improvement in pain, range of motion, balance and an overall quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis of knee has been studied through various physiotherapeutic exercises. In this study Otago exercise programme includes strengthening of lower limb and balance exercise along with walking protocol.Methodology: In this research we will include 52 subjects (n=52) having knee osteoarthritis between grade 1-3 according to Kallgren and Lawrence. In his randomized controlled single-blinded trial the subjects will be randomized into two group independent design (Group A and Group B) through envelope method of randomization. Group A will receive conventional therapy while Group B will be the experimental group. Efficacy of the intervention for both the groups is checked at the end of 2 weeks by using VAS, universal goniometer, WOMAC, star excursion balance test(SEBT) as the outcome measures.Discussion: The goal of this Randomized control trial is to examine the impact Zingiber Cassumunar phonophoresis in Knee osteoarthritis patients. This randomized control trial will help identify the rapid and long term effects of Zingiber Cassumunar phonophoresis on Knee osteoarthritis. This research findings will help develop a new prospect for the treatment of Knee osteoarthritis.The clinical trial registry-India(CTRI) registration number for this trial is CTRI/2021/05/033459.

Phytochemicals and Bioactivities of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb

Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), is an important medicinal plant known as “Plai (Phlai)” in Thailand, “Bangle” in Indonesia, and “Bulei” in China. Traditionally, this plant has been used to treat inflammation, pain, and respiratory problems. The rhizomes are the primary part of the plant that has been used for medicinal purposes due to their constituents with therapeutic properties, including phenylbutenoids, curcuminoids, and essential oils. Since the 1970s, many studies have been conducted on the phytochemicals and bioactivities of Z. cassumunar to establish fundamental scientific evidence that supports its use in traditional medicine. The accumulated biological studies on the extracts, solvent fractions, and constituents of Z. cassumunar have described their diverse medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective/neurotrophic, cosmeceutical, and antifungal/antimicrobial bioactivities. In this review, we summarize information on the phytochemicals of Z. cassumunar and the bioactivities of its extracts and constituents.

INDENTIFIKASI FAMILI ZINGIBERACEAE DI KAWASAN HUTAN GUNUNG BUA KERINCI

Zingiberaceae is a family of ginger plants found in the forest area of Mount Bua Kerinci. However, many species of the family have not been properly identified. This research aims to find out the type of family Zingiberaceae in the forest of Mount Bua Hill. This type of research is qualitative research with exploratory survey methods. The data collection techniques used are observation and documentation. The results showed that the family species zingiberaceae found are 5 clans and 9 Species namely Curcuma domestica (Turmeric), Zingiber aromaticum (Lempuyang), Etlingera elatior (Kecombrang), Curcuma Heyneana (Temu Giring), Curcuma aeruginosa (Black Meeting), Curcuma zedoria (White Meet), Zingiber cassumunar (Bangle), Amomun maximum (Cardamom), Kaemperia galanga (Kencur).

Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. extract increase the reactive oxidant level and interleukins expression in vitro

Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (bangle) has a variety of active compounds, including curcumin and phenylbutenoid. Bangle rhizoma reported exhibiting immunomodulatory activities. This research aims to determine the mechanism of bangle extract as an immunomodulator by the secretion of Reactive Oxygen Intermediate (ROI), Nitric Oxide (NO), and interleukin (IL-10 and IL-14) expression level. Bangle extract (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) was made by the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. This research was administered in vitro using macrophage cells from male mice with Balb/C strain divided into 2 groups: normal control and treatment group (receiving 25, 50, and 100 ppm of extract). The administration of bangle extract can function as an immunomodulator by an increase of ROI in 25 and 50 ppm of the extract significantly than the control group (p <0.05), the treatment groups decrease NO level (p <0.05), it also was found to increase expression of IL-10 and IL-14 expression levels (p <0.05). Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. extract was potentially to be developed as an immunomodulator.