scholarly journals Effects of Different Cultivation Parameters on the Production of Surfactin Variants by a Bacillus subtilis Strain

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Bartal ◽  
Aruna Vigneshwari ◽  
Bettina Bóka ◽  
Mónika Vörös ◽  
István Takács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Fatty Acid Chain ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Surfactin Production

Surfactins are lipopeptide-type biosurfactants produced mainly by Bacillus species, consisting of a peptide loop of seven amino acids and a hydrophobic fatty acid chain (C12–C16). These molecules have been proven to exhibit various biological activities; thus, their therapeutic and environmental applications are considered. Within the surfactin lipopeptide family, there is a wide spectrum of different homologues and isomers; to date, more than 30 variants have been described. Since the newest members of these lipopeptides were described recently, there is no information that is available on their characteristic features, e.g., the dependence of their production from different cultivation parameters. This study examined the effects of both the different carbon sources and various metal ions on the surfactin production of a selected B. subtilis strain. Among the applied carbon sources, fructose and xylose had the highest impacts on the ratio of the different variants, regarding both the peptide sequences and the lengths of the fatty acids. Furthermore, the application of metal ions Mn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ in the media completely changed the surfactin variant compositions of the fermenting broths leading to the appearance of methyl esterified surfactin forms, and resulted in the appearance of novel surfactin variants with fatty acid chains containing no more than 11 carbon atoms.

scholarly journals Purification of surfactin compounds produced by a Bacillus subtilis strain

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Attila Bartal ◽  
Henriett Hunkár ◽  
Gábor Endre ◽  
Mónika Vörös ◽  
Csaba Vágvölgyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Flash Chromatography ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Preparative Hplc ◽  
Reverse Phase Hplc ◽  
Hplc Purification ◽  
Fatty Acid Chain

Surfactins are lipopeptide-type biosurfactants produced mainly by Bacillus species containing a peptide loop of seven amino acids and a hydrophobic fatty acid chain. These molecules exhibit various biological activities; therefore, their therapeutic and environmental applications are in the focus worldwide. In our work, a multi-step purification and separation process was developed to isolate surfactins from the ferment broth of B. subtilis SZMC 6179J strain. The process incorporates normal phase flash chromatography for pre-purifying the crude extract and two consecutive reverse phase HPLC separations for the isolation of the various surfactin molecules. The determination of the relative amounts of lipopeptides both in the crude extract and in each fraction of every separation step were carried out by HPLC-HESI-MS examinations. The ratio of surfactins in the crude extract was 21.35%, but after the preparative flash chromatographic separation the relative amount of surfactins was observed to be 30.44%. The preparative HPLC purification step resulted 85.39% purity of the surfactins. Nine different surfactin variants were isolated and identified from the fractions of this final semi-preparative HPLC purification, out of which three compounds were completely purified, and three others were detected in relative amounts of more than 95% in some fractions.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the Plant Medium-chain Acyl-carrier Protein Thioesterase BTE for the Overproduction of the nC14-surfactin Isoform with Promising MEOR Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
fangxiang hu ◽  
Weijie Cai ◽  
Junzhang Lin ◽  
Weidong Wang ◽  
Shuang Li
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acid ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Carrier Protein ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Fatty Acid Chain ◽  
Umbellularia Californica ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
Surfactin Production

Abstract BackgroundSurfactin, a representative biosurfactant of popeptide mainly produced by Bacillus subtilis, consists of a cyclic heptapeptide linked to a β-hydroxy fatty acid chain. The functional activity of surfactin is closely related to the length and isomerism of the fatty acid chain. ResultsIn this study, the plant medium-chain acyl-carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase (BTE) from Umbellularia californica was overexpressed in a recombinant surfactin production strain based on B. subtilis 168. As a result, the surfactin yield after 24 h of cultivation improved by 23%, and the production rate increased from 0.112 to 0.177 g/L/h. The isoforms identified by RP-HPLC and GC-MS showed that the proportion of nC14-surfactin increased 6.4 times compared to the control strain. A comparison of further properties revealed that the product with more nC14-surfactin had higher surface activity and better performance in oil-washing. Finally, the product with more nC14-surfactin isoform had a higher hydrocarbon-emulsification index, and it increased the water-wettability of the oil-saturated silicate surface. ConclusionThe obtained results provide an original approach to modify the fatty acid chain of surfactin and further demonstrate the importance of the length and isomerism of the β-hydroxy fatty acid chain for the MEOR application of surfactin.

scholarly journals Genetic engineering of the precursor supply pathway for the overproduction of the nC14-surfactin isoform with promising MEOR applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangxiang Hu ◽  
Weijie Cai ◽  
Junzhang Lin ◽  
Weidong Wang ◽  
Shuang Li
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Fatty Acid Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Precursor ◽  
Surfactin Production ◽  
Acid Precursor ◽  
Precursor Supply

Abstract Background Surfactin, a representative biosurfactant of lipopeptide mainly produced by Bacillus subtilis, consists of a cyclic heptapeptide linked to a β-hydroxy fatty acid chain. The functional activity of surfactin is closely related to the length and isomerism of the fatty acid chain. Results In this study, the fatty acid precursor supply pathway in Bacillus subtilis 168 for surfactin production was strengthened through two steps. Firstly, pathways competing for the precursors were eliminated with inactivation of pps and pks. Secondly, the plant medium-chain acyl-carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase (BTE) from Umbellularia californica was overexpressed. As a result, the surfactin titer after 24 h of cultivation improved by 34%, and the production rate increased from 0.112 to 0.177 g/L/h. The isoforms identified by RP-HPLC and GC–MS showed that the proportion of nC14-surfactin increased 6.4 times compared to the control strain. A comparison of further properties revealed that the product with more nC14-surfactin had higher surface activity and better performance in oil-washing. Finally, the product with more nC14-surfactin isoform had a higher hydrocarbon-emulsification index, and it increased the water-wettability of the oil-saturated silicate surface. Conclusion The obtained results identified that enhancing the supply of fatty acid precursor is very essential for the synthesis of surfactin. At the same time, this study also proved that thioesterase BTE can promote the production of nC14-surfactin and experimentally demonstrated its higher surface activity and better performance in oil-washing. These results are of great significance for the MEOR application of surfactin. Graphic abstract

Optimization and Partial Characterization of Biosurfactants Produced by Bacillus Species and Their Potential for Ex-Situ Enhanced Oil Recovery

SPE Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 672-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.. Al-Sulaimani ◽  
Y.. Al-Wahaibi ◽  
S.. Al-Bahry ◽  
A.. Elshafie ◽  
A.. Al-Bemani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ph Range

Summary This study aims to test the potential of microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) as an effective alternative in Omani oil fields. In this study, biosurfactants produced by Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from oil-contaminated soils from different parts of the Sultanate of Oman were investigated. Eight different minimal production media using different sugars as carbon sources were tested on three of the strains to select the medium that maximized the production of biosurfactants which were indicated by the interfacial tension (IFT) reduction. All isolates were tested on their potential media to screen for the best biosurfactant producer among the available strains. It was found that Bacillus subtilis Strain W19 gave the maximum IFT reduction (46.6 mN/m to 3.28 mN/m) in 16 hours of incubation when grown in a minimal medium containing glucose. The yield of the biosurfactant produced by B. subtilis W19 was 2.5g/L. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) was measured to be 0.4 g/L. The biosurfactant was partially characterized by FT-IR analysis, in which the peaks obtained imply the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbons as well as a peptide-like moiety in the biosurfactant. The cell-free biosurfactant broth produced from Strain W19 was found to be stable over a pH range from 6 to 10 and was most effective at 7. It also showed no loss in surface activity when subjected to various temperatures (60, 80, and 120°C). The biosurfactant also retained almost 60% of its activity even in a high-saline environment up to 20% NaCl (w/v). Further studies were conducted to test the interaction of biosurfactant produced by B. subtilis W19 with porous media in coreflooding experiments as a tertiary-recovery stage. The results showed high potential of using this bacterium during ex-situ MEOR applications in which a total of 23% of residual oil was produced after biosurfactant and concentrated-biosurfactant injection.

scholarly journals High-Frequency Occurrence of Surfactin Monomethyl Isoforms in the Ferment Broth of a Bacillus subtilis Strain Revealed by Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Kecskeméti ◽  
Attila Bartal ◽  
Bettina Bóka ◽  
László Kredics ◽  
László Manczinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Ion Trap ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Molecular Ions ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Subtilis Strain

Surfactins are cyclic lipopeptides consisting of a β-hydroxy fatty acid of various chain length and a peptide ring of seven amino acids linked together by a lactone bridge, forming the cyclic structure of the peptide chain. These compounds are produced mainly by Bacillus species and possess numerous biological effects such as antimicrobial (antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal) activities. A mixture of surfactins extracted from Bacillus subtilis strain SZMC 6179J was examined by HPLC-ESI-IT-MS technique, enhancing their separation to reveal novel lipopeptide varieties with higher masses and to characterize their structures. During the MS2 spectra analyses of their sodiated molecular ions [M + Na]+, a previously rarely encountered group of surfactins was detected and two novel types of the group were discovered containing methyl esterified aspartic acid residue in their fifth amino acid position. The relative amounts of these monomethyl isoforms exceeded 35% of the produced surfactin in total. In the m/z value of 1114, all the detected isoforms possessed aspartic acid 4-methyl ester residue in their fifth amino acid position (C17-[Lxx4, AME5], C18-[AME5]), offering an opportunity to separate a pure fraction of the compound and to study its biological activities in the future.

Satiation in humans is modulated by fatty acid chain length

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A710-A710
Author(s):  
S LAL ◽  
J MCLAUGHLIN ◽  
O NIAZ ◽  
G DOCKRAY ◽  
A VARRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Fatty Acid Chain Length ◽  
Fatty Acid Chain

Diverse chemical and biological potentials of various pyridazine and pyridazinone derivatives

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Industrial Chemical ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pyridazinone Derivatives

A series of heterocyclic compounds incorporating pyridazine moiety were for diverse biological activities. Pyridazines and pyridazinones derivatives showed wide spectrum of biological activities such as vasodialator, cardiotonic, anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-feedant, herbicidal, and various other biological, agrochemical and industrial chemical activities. The results illustrated that the synthesized pyridazine/pyridazine compounds have diverse and significant biological activities. Mechanistic insights into the biological properties of pyridazinone derivatives and various synthetic techniques used for their synthesis are also described.

Anthocyanins As Modulators of Cell Redox-Dependent Pathways in Non-Communicable Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1955-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Speciale ◽  
Antonella Saija ◽  
Romina Bashllari ◽  
Maria Sofia Molonia ◽  
Claudia Muscarà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

: Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), mostly represented by cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic pulmonary diseases, cancers, and several chronic pathologies, are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, and are mainly related to the occurrence of metabolic risk factors. Anthocyanins (ACNs) possess a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective and chemopreventive properties, which are able to promote human health. Although ACNs present an apparent low bioavailability, their metabolites may play an important role in the in vivo protective effects observed. : This article directly addresses the scientific evidences supporting that ACNs could be useful to protect human population against several NCDs not only acting as antioxidant but through their capability to modulate cell redox-dependent signaling. In particular, ACNs interact with the NF-κB and AP-1 signal transduction pathways, which respond to oxidative signals and mediate a proinflammatory effect, and the Nrf2/ARE pathway and its regulated cytoprotective proteins (GST, NQO, HO-1, etc.), involved in both cellular antioxidant defenses and elimination/inactivation of toxic compounds, so countering the alterations caused by conditions of chemical/oxidative stress. In addition, supposed crosstalks could contribute to explain the protective effects of ACNs in different pathological conditions characterized by an altered balance among these pathways. Thus, this review underlines the importance of specific nutritional molecules for human health and focuses on the molecular targets and the underlying mechanisms of ACNs against various diseases.

Tamarix articulata (T. articulata) - An Important Halophytic Medicinal Plant with Potential Pharmacological Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan ◽  
Bilal Rah
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Properties

Background:Tamarix Articulata (T. articulata), commonly known as Tamarisk or Athal in Arabic region, belongs to the Tamaricaece species. It is an important halophytic medicinal plant and a good source of polyphenolic phytochemical(s). In traditional medicines, T. articulata extract is commonly used, either singly or in combination with other plant extracts against different ailments since ancient times.Methods:Electronic database survey via Pubmed, Google Scholar, Researchgate, Scopus and Science Direct were used to review the scientific inputs until October 2018, by searching appropriate keywords. Literature related to pharmacological activities of T. articulata, Tamarix species, phytochemical analysis of T. articulata, biological activities of T. articulata extracts. All of these terms were used to search the scientific literature associated with T. articulata; the dosage of extract, route of administration, extract type, and in-vitro and in-vivo model.Results:Numerous reports revealed that T. articulata contains a wide spectrum of phytochemical(s), which enables it to have a wide window of biological properties. Owing to the presence of high content of phytochemical compounds like polyphenolics and flavonoids, T. articulata is a potential source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. In view of these pharmacological properties, T. articulata could be a potential drug candidate to treat various clinical conditions including cancer in the near future.Conclusion:In this review, the spectrum of phytochemical(s) has been summarized for their pharmacological properties and the mechanisms of action, and the possible potential therapeutic applications of this plant against various diseases discussed.

α-Glucosidase Inhibition, Antioxidant and Docking Studies of Hydroxycoumarins and their Mono and Bis O-alkylated/acetylated Analogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvesh Singh ◽  
Nomandla Ngcoya ◽  
Ramgopal Mopuri ◽  
Nagaraju Kerru ◽  
Neha Manhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Catalytic Site ◽  
Docking Simulations ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease illustrated by abnormally high levels of plasma glucose or hyperglycaemia. Accordingly, several α-glucosidase inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of diabetes and other degenerative disorders. While, a coumarin ring has the privilege to represent numerous natural and synthetic compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activities e.g. anti-cancer, anti-HIV, anti-viral, anti-malarial, anti-microbial, anti-convulsant, anti-hypertensive properties. Besides this, coumarins have also shown potential to inhibit α-glucosidase leading to a generation of new promising antidiabetic agents. However, the testing of O-substituted coumarins for α-glucosidase inhibition has evaded the attention of medicinal chemists. Methods: For O-alkylation/acetylation reactions, the hydroxyl coumarins (A-B) initially activated by K2CO3 in dry DMF were reacted with variedly substituted haloalkanes at room temperature under nitrogen. The synthesized compounds were tested for their α-glucosidase (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) inhibitory activity and anti-oxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging activity. In silico docking simulations were conducted using CDocker module in DS (Accelrys) to explore the binding modes of the representative compounds in the catalytic site of α-glucosidase. Results: All the coumarin analogues (A1, B1, A2-A10, B2-B8) including their precursors (A-B) were evaluated for their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition using acarbose as a standard inhibitor. All the mono O-alkylated coumarins (except A1) showed significant (p <0.05) α-glucosidase inhibition relative to the hydroxyl coumarin (A) with IC50 values ranging between 11.084±0.117 to 145.24± 29.22 µg/mL. Compound 7-(benzyloxy)-4, 5-dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-one (A9) bearing a benzyl group (Ph-CH2-) at position 7 showed a remarkable (p <0.05) increase in the activity (IC50 = 11.084±0.117 µg/mL), almost four-fold more than acarbose (IC50 = 40.578±5.999 µg/mL). The introduction of –NO2 group dramatically improved the anti-oxidant activity of coumarin, while the O-alkylation/acetylation decreased the activity. Conclusion: The present study describes the synthesis of functionalized coumarins and their evaluation for α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity under in vitro conditions. Based on IC50 data, the mono O-alkylated coumarins were observed to be stronger inhibitors of α-glucosidase with respect to their bis O-alkylated analogues. Coumarin (A9) bearing O-benzyloxy group displayed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibition, even higher than the standard inhibitor acarbose. The coumarin (A10) bearing –NO2 group showed the highest anti-oxidant activity amongst the synthesized compounds, almost comparable to the ascorbic acid. Finally, in silico docking simulations revealed the role of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces in locking the compounds in catalytic site of α-glucosidase.

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