scholarly journals Selection of Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis in Lentinula edodes after Hot-Air Drying

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Gao ◽  
Gangzheng Wang ◽  
Zhicheng Huang ◽  
Xiaoyu Lei ◽  
Yinbing Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Expression Stability ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Hot Air

Volatile sulfur compounds gradually develop in Lentinula edodes after hot-air drying, and many genes are involved in the generation of these sulfur compounds. The expression stability of reference genes may vary in a particular experimental treatment when analyzing their expressions by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In this study, the expression profile of 17 candidate genes was assessed in L. edodes under treatment at 50 °C for 0, 1, 2, and 3 h, and the expression stability of each reference gene was analyzed by three statistical algorithms, including geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. Results indicated that the two optimal reference genes for mycelium and fruiting body were CAC and DAHP as well as CAC and NUP, respectively. Additionally, CAC and DAHP were found to be the two most stable reference genes across the mycelium and fruiting body set. Our results will provide a genetic foundation for further research on the metabolism genes of sulfur compounds in L. edodes.

scholarly journals Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for qRT-PCR in Lentinula edodes under Different Experimental Conditions

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Luo ◽  
Gangzheng Wang ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Yuhua Gong ◽  
Yinbing Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Gene ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Pairwise Variation ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Expression Stability ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Accurate Normalization

Lentinula edodes is the most consumed mushroom in Asia due to its nutritional and medicinal values, and the optimal reference gene is crucial for normalization of its gene expression analysis. Here, the expression stability of 18 candidate reference genes (CRGs) in L. edodes was analyzed by three statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper) under different stresses (heat, cadmium excess and Trichoderma atroviride infection), different substrates (straw, sawdust and corn stalk) and different development stages (mycelia, primordia and fruit bodies). Among the 18 CRGs, 28S, Actin and α-tub exhibited the highest expression stability in L. edodes under all conditions, while GPD, SPRYP and MSF showed the least stable expression. The best reference gene in different conditions was different. The pairwise variation values showed that two genes would be sufficient for accurate normalization under different conditions of L. edodes. This study will contribute to more accurate estimation of the gene relative expression levels under different conditions using the optimal reference gene in qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) analysis.

Selection and validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Nitraria tangutorum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Lirong WANG ◽  
Huirong Duan ◽  
Peifang Chong ◽  
Shiping Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Expression Stability ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Nitraria Tangutorum ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Suitable Reference

Abstract Background: Suitable reference genes can be used to calibrate the error in quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments and make the results more credible. However, reference genes suitable for different species and different experimental conditions do not exist. Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. is a typical plant in desert areas and desert plains, which is drought-resistant, saline-alkali resistant, barren-resistant, and has extremely strong adaptability. Due to insufficient understanding of the importance of this germplasm in the past, it is still unclear which genes can be used as reference genes to calibrate qRT-PCR data of N. tangutorum .Results: In this study, we analyzed the expression levels of 10 candidate reference genes (ACT, GAPDH, TUA, TUB, CYP, UBC, His, PP2A, HSP, and EF1-α) in three tissues (root, stem and leaf) and under five abiotic stresses (salt, drought, heat, cold, and ABA) of N. tangutorum seedlings by qRT-PCR. Three analysis software programs (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper) were used to evaluate expression stability of ten genes. Comprehensive analysis showed that EF1-α and His had the best expression stability, whereas HSP was the least suitable as a reference gene. The expression profile of NtCER7, a gene related to the regulation of the waxy synthesis of N. tangutorum, verified the accuracy of the experimental results.Conclusion: Based on this study, we recommend EF1-α and His as suitable reference genes for N. tangutorum. This study provides the first data on stable reference genes in N. tangutorum, which will be beneficial to study of the gene expression of N. tangutorum and other Nitraria species in the future.

scholarly journals Identification And Evaluation of Reference Genes For Cynanchum Auriculatum Under Various Stress Conditions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Peng Zhu ◽  
Jian-Xiang Yu ◽  
Ke-Xin Wu ◽  
Qin-Yi Xu ◽  
Yi-Jun Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Genes ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Expression Stability ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Cynanchum Auriculatum ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Suitable Reference

Abstract Baishouwu (Cynanchum auriculatum) is a kind of critical Chinese herbal medicine. However, compared with the studies of other Chinese herbal medicines, the screening study on the reference genes of C. auriculatum is still the blank. Deterioration of the natural environment severely affects the growth and development of C. auriculatum. This study screened and identified suitable reference genes of C. auriculatum under various stress conditions. Based on qRT-PCR, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder were used for the expression stability evaluation of 12 potential reference genes from C. auriculatum. The ranking table showed that optimal reference genes included EF2 and SAMDC (heat stress), CYP and TUB-β (cold stress), TUB-α and GAPDH (drought stress), SAMDC and TUB-α (waterlogging stress), along with EF2 and ACT7 (salt stress). These results also demonstrated that under different abiotic stresses, suitable reference genes of plants should be selected for qRT-PCR analysis.

scholarly journals Determining the Effect of Pre-Treatment in Rice Noodle Quality Subjected to Dehydration through Hierarchical Scoring

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
Muhammad Heikal Ismail ◽  
Hii Ching Lik ◽  
Winny Routray ◽  
Meng Wai Woo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Starch Gelatinization ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Heat Pump Drying ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Noodle Quality

Fresh rice noodle was usually coated in a large amount of oil to avoid stickiness and extend the shelf life. Pre-treatment has been applied to reduce the quantity of oil in rice noodle. In this research, the pre-treatment and temperature effect on the rice noodle quality subjected to hot air drying, heat pump drying, and freeze drying was investigated. Texture, color, oil content, and starch gelatinization of the dried noodle was further evaluated. Results revealed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05%) in texture, color, oil content, and starch gelatinization in rice noodle subjected to pre-treatment. Furthermore, the texture, color, oil content, and starch gelatinization demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.05%) in freeze drying rather than hot air drying and heat pump drying. The findings indicate that the qualitative features of the dehydrated noodle are synergistic to pretreatment and drying temperature. Despite superior quality shown by freeze drying, the hierarchical scoring has proven that rice noodle undergoing hot air drying at 30 °C to produce comparable quality attributes. The hierarchical scoring can be a useful tool in quality determination for the food industry.

Dynamics of heat transfer and moisture in beef jerky during hot air drying

Meat Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 108638
Author(s):  
Shuo Shi ◽  
Jia Feng ◽  
Geer An ◽  
Baohua Kong ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Beef Jerky

Hybrid infrared with hot air drying of Pisang‐Awak banana: Kinetics and shrinkage quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kritsada Puangsuwan ◽  
Saysunee Jumrat ◽  
Jirapond Muangprathub ◽  
Teerask Punvichai ◽  
Seppo Karrila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Hot Air
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