scholarly journals Microbial Conversion of Toxic Resin Acids

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Luchnikova ◽  
Kseniya M. Ivanova ◽  
Ekaterina V. Tarasova ◽  
Victoria V. Grishko ◽  
Irina B. Ivshina
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Fundamental Interest ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Living Organisms

Organic wood extractives—resin acids—significantly contribute to an increase in the toxicity level of pulp and paper industry effluents. Entering open ecosystems, resin acids accumulate and have toxic effects on living organisms, which can lead to the ecological imbalance. Among the most effective methods applied to neutralize these ecotoxicants is enzymatic detoxification using microorganisms. A fundamental interest in the in-depth study of the oxidation mechanisms of resin acids and the search for their key biodegraders is increasing every year. Compounds from this group receive attention because of the need to develop highly effective procedures of resin acid removal from pulp and paper effluents and also the possibility to obtain their derivatives with pronounced pharmacological effects. Over the past fifteen years, this is the first report analyzing the data on distribution, the impacts on living organisms, and the microbial transformation of resin acids. Using the example of dehydroabietic acid—the dominant compound of resin acids in effluents—the review discusses the features of interactions between microorganisms and this pollutant and also highlights the pathways and main products of resin acid bioconversion.

Distribution of Dehydroabietic Acid in Sediments Adjacent to a Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Brownlee ◽  
M. E. Fox ◽  
W. M. J. Strachan ◽  
S. R. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill

Sediments adjacent to a kraft pulp and paper mill on western Nipigon Bay, Lake Superior, were examined for resin acids. Dehydroabietic acid was the predominant resin acid with surficial concentrations of less than 5–100 μg/g.The areal distribution indicated the mill to be the primary source of this compound. Depth profiles of the acid and core dating by 210Pb methods enabled the calculation of a mean sediment accumulation rate of 0.11 cm∙yr−1 and a half-life for the disappearance of dehydroabietic acid in the sediments of approximately 21 yr. A half-life of 0.12 yr was estimated for this compound in the water column. It appears, therefore, that the primary removal mechanism of dehydroabietic acid is degradation in the water column.

Resin acid degradation by bacterial strains grown on CTMP effluent

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
P. A. Bicho ◽  
C. Breuil ◽  
J. N. Saddler ◽  
S. N. Liss
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Chemithermomechanical Pulping

All resin acids are diterpenoid carboxylic acids that are components of softwood extractives and they are known to contribute to much of the toxicity of pulp mill effluents. Although biological treatment systems can efficiently remove resin acids during normal operating conditions, resin acid breakthroughs occasionally occur. Recently we isolated five bacterial strains from bleach kraft effluents that degrade dehydroabietic acid (DHA), a resin acid commonly found in effluents. In this study we examined the ability of two bacterial strains (BKME 5 and BKME 9) to grow on chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP) effluent and degrade DHA. Both of the strains could grow on CTMP effluents, but did not degrade DHA. COD measurement showed that both strains used other organic substrates in CTMP effluent. When nutrients (NH4⊕, PO43−, minerals and vitamins) were added to the effluent, both growth and DHA degradation increased significantly. The strains used DHA and other organic sources in the CTMP effluent simultaneously. The stimulated growth resulting from use of other organic material did not increase the rate of DHA degradation. It was found that ammonium played an important role in the DHA degradation of both strains. Without added ammonium, DHA degradation did not occur. Other nutrients also played important roles in DHA degradation by BKME 9.

Isolation and characterization of thermophilic bacteria capable of degrading dehydroabietic acid

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongtang Yu ◽  
William W Mohn
Keyword(s):  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Continuous Enrichment

Using a semi-continuous enrichment method, we isolated two thermophilic bacterial strains, which could completely degrade abietane resin acids, including dehydroabietic acid (DhA). Strain DhA-73, isolated from a laboratory-scale bioreactor treating bleached kraft mill effluent at 55°C, grew on DhA as sole carbon source; while DhA-71, isolated from municipal compost, required dilute tryptic soy broth for growth on DhA. DhA-71 grew on DhA from 30°C to 60°C with maximum growth at 50°C; while, DhA-73 grew on DhA from 37°C to 60°C with maximum growth at 55°C. At 55°C, the doubling times for DhA-71 and DhA-73 were 3.3 and 3.7 h, respectively. DhA-71 and DhA-73 had growth yields of 0.26 and 0.19 g of protein per g of DhA, respectively. During growth on DhA, both strains converted DhA to CO2, biomass, and dissolved organic carbon. Analyses of the 16S-rDNA sequences of these two strains suggest that they belong to two new genera in theRubrivivax subgroup of the beta subclass of the Proteobacteria. Strains DhA-71 and DhA-73 are the first two bacteria isolated and characterized that are capable of biodegradation of resin acids at high temperatures. This study provided direct evidence for biodegradation of resin acids and feasibility for biotreatment of pulp mill effluent at elevated temperatures.Key words: biodegradation, resin acid, semi-continuous enrichment, thermophiles.

Biochemistry and Ecology of Resin Acid Biodegradation in Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Treatment Systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Mohn ◽  
Vincent J. J. Martin ◽  
Zhongtang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Pathway ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents

A better understanding of the mechanisms and ecology of resin acid biodegradation will contribute to improved performance of existing treatment systems and development of new treatment systems for pulp and paper mill effluents. Using molecular genetic methods, we have partially elucidated the biochemical pathway for degradation of abietane resin acids by Pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9. We identified genes encoding putative membrane-associated proteins that are required for abietane metabolism. These proteins may function in cellular uptake of, or response to, resin acids. Genetic and physiological evidence suggests that a monooxygenase is involved in the biochemical pathway. A quantitative PCR assay was developed for ditA1, a gene from BKME-9 encoding resin acid degradation. In an aerated lagoon treating pulp mill effluent, a population carrying ditA1 was found, which was a small fraction (10−7) of the total microbial community. This population was evenly distributed throughout the system and was a stable member of the community over time. Quantitative PCR assays were used to monitor Pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9 and Zoogloea resiniphila DhA-35 when they were separately used to inoculate a complex microbial communities in laboratory sequencing batch reactors. Both inocula were stably maintained in the community for 24 days. These inocula stimulated resin acid removal by the community when it was stressed by high pH or by high resin acid loading.

Removal and Transformation of Resin Acids during Secondary Treatment at a New Zealand Bleached Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 105-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Zender ◽  
T. R. Stuthridge ◽  
A. G. Langdon ◽  
A. L. Wilkins ◽  
K. L. Mackie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp

Investigations were undertaken on a full scale lagoon treatment system receiving effluents from a bleached kraft pulp and paper mill which processed softwoods. The system was examined over four phases, including lagoons, aerobic transport channels and the recipient discharge point to determine the removal efficiency of resin acids during effluent treatment. The total treatment system removed 96% of the influent resin acids. The major compounds remaining after treatment were abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, and a variety of hydrogenated resin acid transformation products. Each section of the treatment system differed in its ability to remove the major classes of resin acids. For example, the average removal rates for resin acids within the first phase lagoons and of the channel leaving the lagoons were 1.2 and 17 g.kg-1 VSS.day-1, respectively. A pathway for the biodegradation and biotransformation of influent resin acids is proposed on the basis of the observed changes in effluent composition through the treatment system.

Inability of Resin Acid Exposure to Elevate EROD Activity in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Ferguson ◽  
M.R. Servos ◽  
K.R. Munkittrick ◽  
J. Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Erod Activity ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mills ◽  
Rosin Gum

Abstract The induction of mixed function oxygenase enzymes, including ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD), has been reported in fish downstream of bleached kraft mills in both Scandinavia and Canada. The compound(s) responsible have not been identified. Several experiments were conducted to determine if resin acids can induce EROD activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Interperitoneal injections (i.p.) of dehydroabietic and abietic acid (50 mg/kg) did not elevate EROD activity after 2, 4 or 10 days. Dehydroabietic acid i.p. at 500 mg/kg did not increase EROD activity after 4 days. A mixture of ten resin acids i.p. at 370 mg/kg or water borne exposure at 100 µg/L did not induce EROD after 4, 8, or 16 days. Rosin gum i.p. at 370 mg/kg also did not induce EROD. These results suggest that resin acids are not the compounds primarily responsible for EROD induction below bleached kraft pulp mills.

Wound-induced changes of resin acid concentrations in living bark of Scots pine seedlings

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Gref ◽  
Anders Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Resin Acid ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Neoabietic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
One Year

One-year-old Pinussylvestris (L.) seedlings were wounded at the stem base by stripping off stem bark pieces of approximately 10 mm in length and covering about 50% of the stem circumference. The seedlings were thereafter planted out in the field or in a climate chamber. The field experiment was repeated on four different planting dates. Wounded and control seedlings were successively harvested for gas chromatographic determination of changes in resin acid concentrations of the bark surrounding the wounded area. Independent of planting date, wounded seedlings were found to have higher concentrations of total resin acids than corresponding controls. The most important quantitative changes in resin acids were observed for isopimaric, levopimaric + palustric, dehydroabietie, abietic, and neoabietic acid. In wounded seedlings the concentration of dehydroabietic acid showed the most significant increase, both in the field and in climate chamber experiments. This increase was rapid and appeared within 1 week in the field and within 3 days in the climate chamber. The other resin acids identified showed a somewhat similar variation pattern, but the differences were not as distinct as for dehydroabietic acid. These wound-induced rapid changes in resin acid concentrations could be important for resistance to pathogens.

Dissolution and spatial distribution of resin acids and retene in sediments contaminated by pulp and paper industry

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Rämänen ◽  
Heli Lassila ◽  
Anssi Lensu ◽  
Marja Lahti ◽  
Aimo Oikari
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Resin Acids

Co-cooking nonwoods with hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
TROY RUNGE ◽  
CHUNHUI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Xylan Content

Agricultural residues and energy crops are promising resources that can be utilized in the pulp and paper industry. This study examines the potential of co-cooking nonwood materials with hardwoods as means to incorporate nonwood material into a paper furnish. Specifically, miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn stover were substituted for poplar hardwood chips in the amounts of 10 wt %, 20 wt %, and 30 wt %, and the blends were subjected to kraft pulping experiments. The pulps were then bleached with an OD(EP)D sequence and then refined and formed into handsheets to characterize their physical properties. Surprisingly, all three co-cooked pulps showed improved strength properties (up to 35%). Sugar measurement of the pulps by high-performance liquid chromatography suggested that the strength increase correlated with enriched xylan content.

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