Discordant Activity of Kaempferol Towards Dengue Virus and Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Kaempferol, a plant-derived flavonoid, has been reported to have activity against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in BHK-21 cells. To determine the broader utility of this compound, we initially evaluated the activity of kaempferol against JEV and dengue virus (DENV) in HEK293T/17 cells. Results showed no significant antiviral activity against either virus. We subsequently investigated the activity of kaempferol against both JEV and DENV in BHK-21 cells. Results showed a significant inhibition of JEV infection but, surprisingly, a significant enhancement of DENV infection. The effect of kaempferol on both host protein expression and transcription was investigated and both transcriptional and translational inhibitory effects were observed, although a more marked effect was observed on host cell protein expression. Markedly, while GRP78 was increased in DENV infected cells treated with kaempferol, it was not increased in JEV infected cells treated with kaempferol. These results show that cellular alteration induced by one compound can have opposite effects on viruses from the same family, suggesting the presence of distinct replication strategies for these two viruses.

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Protein synthesis in japanese encephalitis virus-infected cells

Virology ◽

10.1016/0042-6822(73)90290-0 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 95-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Daniel Shapiro ◽

Kathleen A. Kos ◽

Philip K. Russell

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽

Japanese Encephalitis ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Infected Cells

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Dengue virus and Japanese encephalitis virus infection of the central nervous system share similar profiles of cytokine accumulation in cerebrospinal fluid

Central European Journal of Immunology ◽

10.5114/ceji.2017.69366 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 218-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Haipeng Li ◽

Yuanyuan Li ◽

Bo Wen ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

Chengwu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽

Japanese Encephalitis ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Human MxB Inhibits the Replication of Hepatitis C Virus

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.01285-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dong-Rong Yi ◽

Ni An ◽

Zhen-Long Liu ◽

Feng-Wen Xu ◽

Kavita Raniga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽

Japanese Encephalitis ◽

Rna Replication ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Common Mechanism ◽

Type I ◽

Dependent Manner

ABSTRACTType I interferon (IFN) inhibits viruses by inducing the expression of antiviral proteins. The IFN-induced myxovirus resistance B (MxB) protein has been reported to inhibit a limited number of viruses, including HIV-1 and herpesviruses, but its antiviral coverage remains to be explored further. Here we show that MxB interferes with RNA replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and significantly inhibits viral replication in a cyclophilin A (CypA)-dependent manner. Our data further show that MxB interacts with the HCV protein NS5A, thereby impairing NS5A interaction with CypA and NS5A localization to the endoplasmic reticulum, two events essential for HCV RNA replication. Interestingly, we found that MxB significantly inhibits two additional CypA-dependent viruses of theFlaviviridaefamily, namely, Japanese encephalitis virus and dengue virus, suggesting a potential link between virus dependence on CypA and virus susceptibility to MxB inhibition. Collectively, these data have identified MxB as a key factor behind IFN-mediated suppression of HCV infection, and they suggest that other CypA-dependent viruses may also be subjected to MxB restriction.IMPORTANCEViruses of theFlaviviridaefamily cause major illness and death around the world and thus pose a great threat to human health. Here we show that IFN-inducible MxB restricts several members of theFlaviviridae, including HCV, Japanese encephalitis virus, and dengue virus. This finding not only suggests an active role of MxB in combating these major pathogenic human viruses but also significantly expands the antiviral spectrum of MxB. Our study further strengthens the link between virus dependence on CypA and susceptibility to MxB restriction and also suggests that MxB may employ a common mechanism to inhibit different viruses. Elucidating the antiviral functions of MxB advances our understanding of IFN-mediated host antiviral defense and may open new avenues to the development of novel antiviral therapeutics.

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Localization and Functions of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Nonstructural Proteins NS3 and NS5 for Viral RNA Synthesis in the Infected Cells

Microbiology and Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1348-0421.1993.tb03206.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 239-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Zulkarnain Edward ◽

Tsutomu Takegami

Keyword(s):

Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽

Japanese Encephalitis ◽

Rna Synthesis ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Viral Rna ◽

Nonstructural Proteins ◽

Infected Cells

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Membrane Permeabilization by Small Hydrophobic Nonstructural Proteins of Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.73.8.6257-6264.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 73 (8) ◽

pp. 6257-6264 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Yu-Shiu Chang ◽

Ching-Len Liao ◽

Chang-Huei Tsao ◽

Mei-Chieh Chen ◽

Chiu-I Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽

Membrane Permeability ◽

Japanese Encephalitis ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Cell Membrane Permeability ◽

Hygromycin B ◽

Cytopathic Effects ◽

Infected Cells ◽

Small Hydrophobic

ABSTRACT Infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, may cause acute encephalitis in humans and induce severe cytopathic effects in various types of cultured cells. We observed that JEV replication rendered infected baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells sensitive to the translational inhibitor hygromycin B or α-sarcine, to which mock-infected cells were insensitive. However, little is known about whether any JEV nonstructural (NS) proteins contribute to virus-induced changes in membrane permeability. Using an inducibleEscherichia coli system, we investigated which parts of JEV NS1 to NS4 are capable of modifying membrane penetrability. We found that overexpression of NS2B-NS3, the JEV protease, permeabilized bacterial cells to hygromycin B whereas NS1 expression failed to do so. When expressed separately, NS2B alone, but not NS3, was sufficient to alter bacterial membrane permeability. Similarly, expression of NS4A or NS4B also rendered bacteria susceptible to hygromycin B inhibition. Examination of the effect of NS1 to NS4 expression on bacterial growth rate showed that NS2B exhibited the greatest inhibitory capability, followed by a modest repression from NS2A and NS4A, whereas NS1, NS3, and NS4B had only trivial influence with respect to the vector control. Furthermore, when cotransfected with a reporter gene luciferase or β-galactosidase, transient expression of NS2A, NS2B, and NS4B markedly reduced the reporter activity in BHK-21 cells. Together, our results suggest that upon JEV infection, these four small hydrophobic NS proteins have various modification effects on host cell membrane permeability, thereby contributing in part to virus-induced cytopathic effects in infected cells.

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A dataset of distribution and diversity of mosquito-associated viruses and their mosquito vectors in China

Scientific Data ◽

10.1038/s41597-020-00687-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Evans Atoni ◽

Lu Zhao ◽

Cheng Hu ◽

Nanjie Ren ◽

Xiaoyu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽

Japanese Encephalitis ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Health Concern ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Mosquito Vectors ◽

Culex Flavivirus ◽

Conference Papers

Abstract Mosquito-borne viruses such as Zika virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus and Dengue virus present an increasing global health concern. However, in-depth knowledge of the distribution and diversity of mosquito-associated viruses and their related vectors remains limited, especially for China. To promote their understanding, we present the first comprehensive dataset of the distribution and diversity of these viruses and their related vectors in China (including Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau). Data was drawn from peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers and thesis publications in both English and Chinese. Geographical data on mosquito-associated viruses’ occurrence and related mosquito vector species was extracted, and quality-control processes employed. This dataset contains 2,428 accounts of mosquito-associated viruses’ and mosquito species geo-referenced occurrences at various administrative levels in China. The prevalent mosquito-associated virus includes Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Banna virus and Culex flavivirus, whereas the abundant mosquito vectors are Culex tritaeryohynchus, Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens. This geographical dataset delivers a distribution and diversity outline of mosquito-associated viruses in China, and also applicable in various spatial and risk-assessment analysis.

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