Biocatalytic Potential of Native Basidiomycetes from Colombia for Flavour/Aroma Production

Aromas and flavours can be produced from fungi by either de novo synthesis or biotransformation processes. Herein, the biocatalytic potential of seven basidiomycete species from Colombia fungal strains isolated as endophytes or basidioma was evaluated. Ganoderma webenarium, Ganoderma chocoense, and Ganoderma stipitatum were the most potent strains capable of decolourizing β,β-carotene as evidence of their potential as biocatalysts for de novo aroma synthesis. Since a species’ biocatalytic potential cannot solely be determined via qualitative screening using β,β-carotene biotransformation processes, we focused on using α-pinene biotransformation with mycelium as a measure of catalytic potential. Here, two strains of Trametes elegans—namely, the endophytic (ET-06) and basidioma (EBB-046) strains—were screened. Herein, T. elegans is reported for the first time as a novel biocatalyst for the oxidation of α-pinene, with a product yield of 2.9 mg of cis-Verbenol per gram of dry weight mycelia used. The EBB-046 strain generated flavour compounds via the biotransformation of a Cape gooseberry medium and de novo synthesis in submerged cultures. Three aroma-producing compounds were identified via GC–MS—namely, methyl-3-methoxy-4H-pyran-4-one, hexahydro-3-(methylpropyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, and hexahydro-3-(methylphenyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione.

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Investigations on carotenoids in lichens. XXXII. Carotenoids occurring in the thalli of lichens from Kenya (Equatorial Africa)

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1992.021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 231-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bazyli Czeczuga ◽

Roland Moberg ◽

Vagn Alstrup

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Total Carotenoid ◽

Thinlayer Chromatography ◽

Equatorial Africa ◽

Total Carotenoid Content ◽

First Time ◽

Β Carotene

The presence of cartenoids in nineteen species of lichens from Kenya (Equatorial Africa) was studied by column and thinlayer chromatography. This investigations revealed the presence of the following carotenoids: neurosporene, α-carotene, β-carotene, rubixanthin, α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, 3'-epilutein, torularhodin, diatoxanthin, neoxanthin, echinenone, 3'-hydroxyechinenone, canthaxanthin, α-doradexanthin, astaxanthin, β-carotene epoxide, antheraxanthin, lutein epoxide, violaxanthin, mutatoxanthin, flavoxanthin, capsochrome, β-apo-8'-carotenal, β-apo-10'-carotenal and apo-12'-violaxanthal. Five of these, torularhodin, 3'-hydroxyechinenone, capsochrome, β-apo-8'-carotenal and β-apo-10'-carotenal, are reported for the first time from lichens. The total carotenoid content of the material ranged from 15.88 (Pyxine cocoes) to 135.44 µg g-1 dry weight (Telaschistes chrysophthalmus).

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De novo synthesis of fructooligosaccharides in leaf disks of certain Asteraceae. II. Certain physiological and biochemical changes accompanying fructooligosaccharide formation

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b73-247 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 51 (10) ◽

pp. 1931-1937 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

F. W. Collins ◽

K. R. Chandorkar

Keyword(s):

De Novo ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Respiratory Metabolism ◽

De Novo Synthesis ◽

Sucrose Medium ◽

Endogenous Substrate ◽

Endogenous Substrates ◽

Physiological And Biochemical ◽

Leaf Disks

De novo synthesis of fructosans in leaf disks of certain Asteraceae incubated on phosphate-buffered 5% sucrose medium was accompanied by increases in fresh and dry weight and a considerable enhancement in the rate of respiration. Radiorespirometry using 14C-sucrose showed that the respiratory pool was kept at the expense of both exogenous and endogenous substrates. During the initial 24 h of incubation, about 80% or more of the total respiratory carbon was derived from the exogenously supplied sugar. This proportion gradually decreased during the last 48 h to a final value of about 50%. Of the total sugar taken up by the leaf disks, less than 20% was utilized in respiration while more than four-fifths was available for further metabolism including fructosan formation. The respiratory quotient values remained relatively unchanged from 0.8 to 0.9 throughout most of the incubation period and suggested that endogenous substrate other than carbohydrate was drawn into respiratory metabolism.

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Chemical compounds and antioxidant activity of Antarctic lichens

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102021000511 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Olga Kandelinskaya ◽

Helena Grischenko ◽

Yury Hihinyak ◽

Mikhail Andreev ◽

Peter Convey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Major And Trace Elements ◽

King George Island ◽

Maritime Antarctic ◽

Reference Sites ◽

Future Change ◽

First Time ◽

Β Carotene

Abstract We assessed the content of some major and trace elements and lichen compounds as well as antioxidant activity in eight lichen species representing four families collected in areas > 1 km distant from Bellingshausen (King George Island) and > 1 km distant from Molodezhnaya (Thala Hills, Enderby Land) research stations. Content levels of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and As in Physcia caesia, Physconia muscigena, Umbilicaria aprina, Umbilicaria decussata and Usnea aurantiaco-atra thalli were similar to or lower than previously reported for these species in the Maritime and Continental Antarctic, as well as from reference sites. The first data on the contents of 15 elements in Ramalina terebrata and Thamnolecania brialmontii thalli from the Maritime Antarctic are reported. Our analyses confirmed the presence of the main photosynthetic pigments in the species examined (chlorophyll a and b, phaeophytin a and b, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein and β-carotene). We identified protolichesterinic acid in T. brialmontii thalli for the first time. Antioxidant activity varied from 190 μg/g dry weight (U. decussata) to 14,740 μg/g dry weight (T. brialmontii). The data obtained complement previous research while also providing new baseline data that will have utility in monitoring and identifying future change.

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Brominated Secondary Compounds from the Marine Sponge Verongia aerophoba and the Sponge Feeding Gastropod Tylodina perversa

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1993-7-818 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 48 (7-8) ◽

pp. 640-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Ratana Teeyapant ◽

Patricia Kreis ◽

Victor Wray ◽

Ludger Witte ◽

Peter Proksch

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Marine Sponge ◽

De Novo ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Secondary Compounds ◽

Yellow Pigment ◽

De Novo Synthesis ◽

Brominated Compounds ◽

Total Concentrations ◽

Collection Sites

Abstract Analysis of the marine sponge Verongia aerophoba from the Canary islands afforded the brominated secondary constituents isofistularin-3, aerophobin-1 and aerophobin-2 which are probably involved in the chemical defense of the sponge. In addition the yellow pigment uranidine and the unusual sterol aplysterol were isolated. The patterns of brominated compounds were almost superimposable when samples of V. aerophoba from different islands were com pared by HPLC indicating de novo synthesis by the sponge or by endosymbiotic microorganisms rather than uptake by filter feeding. The only differences observed between the different samples analyzed were with regard to the total concentrations of brominated compounds which varied from 7.2-12.3% of the dry weight dependent on the different collection sites. The Opisthobranch gastropod Tylodina perversa is specialized for feeding on V. aerophoba. Chemical analysis of the gastropod revealed the sponge constituents uranidine, isofistularin-3, aerophobin-1 and aerophobin-2 as well as aerothionin, a further brominated compound which is apparently a biotransform ation product of the brominated sponge constiiuents.

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Carotenoids as a Source of Pigmentation in Juvenile Lobsters Fed a Purified Diet

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f83-092 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 699-704 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Louis R. D'Abramo ◽

Nancy A. Baum ◽

Clark E. Bordner ◽

Douglas E. Conklin

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

De Novo ◽

Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽

Cod Liver Oil ◽

De Novo Synthesis ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Β Carotene

Pigmentation of cultured lobsters is dependent upon the presence of dietary carotenoids. Inclusion of pure or crude carotenoids in a purified diet results in the accumulation of exoskeleton pigments tentatively identified by thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometric analysis as primarily astaxanthin and β-carotene. Despite the lack of de novo synthesis pure carotenoids such as β-carotene, echinenone, and canthaxanthin are transformed into astaxanthin. The level of pigmentation produced by these biosynthetic precursors is related to the proximity to the astaxanthin end product. A carotenoid extract from crayfish waste dissolved in cod liver oil, and oleoresin paprika were effective in producing pigmentation. Rationale for the choice and use of carotenoid sources for incorporation into artificial feeds to produce natural pigmentation of cultured lobsters is discussed.

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Characterization of Monocyte-Associated Factor V

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649565 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 70 (02) ◽

pp. 273-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Janos Kappelmayer ◽

Satya P Kunapuli ◽

Edward G Wyshock ◽

Robert W Colman

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Light Chain ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

De Novo ◽

Factor V ◽

Blood Monocytes ◽

De Novo Synthesis ◽

Hep G2 ◽

Hep G2 Cells ◽

Peripheral Blood Monocytes

SummaryWe demonstrate that in addition to possessing binding sites for intact factor V (FV), unstimulated peripheral blood monocytes also express activated factor V (FVa) on their surfaces. FVa was identified on the monocyte surface by monoclonal antibody B38 recognizing FVa light chain and by human oligoclonal antibodies H1 (to FVa light chain) and H2 (to FVa heavy chain) using immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. On Western blots, partially cleaved FV could be identified as a 220 kDa band in lysates of monocytes. In addition to surface expression of FVa, monocytes also contain intracellular FV as detected only after permeabilization by Triton X-100 by monoclonal antibody B10 directed specifically to the Cl domain not present in FVa. We sought to determine whether the presence of FV in peripheral blood monocytes is a result of de novo synthesis.Using in situ hybridization, no FV mRNA could be detected in monocytes, while in parallel control studies, factor V mRNA was detectable in Hep G2 cells and CD18 mRNA in monocytes. In addition, using reverse transcriptase and the polymerase chain reaction, no FV mRNA was detected in mononuclear cells or in U937 cells, but mRNA for factor V was present in Hep G2 cells using the same techniques. These data suggest that FV is present in human monocytes, presumably acquired by binding of plasma FV, and that the presence of this critical coagulation factor is not due to de novo synthesis.

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Platelets Stimulate Thromboplastin Synthesis in Human Endothelial Cells

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1657323 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 49 (02) ◽

pp. 069-072 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

U L H Johnsen ◽

T Lyberg ◽

K S Galdal ◽

H Prydz

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

De Novo ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Time Dependent ◽

De Novo Synthesis ◽

Human Endothelial Cells ◽

Tumor Promotor ◽

Coagulation Assay ◽

Platelet Aggregates ◽

Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

SummaryHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture synthesize thromboplastin upon stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The thromboplastin activity is further strongly enhanced in a time dependent reaction by the presence of gel-filtered platelets or platelet aggregates. This effect was demonstrable at platelet concentrations lower than those normally found in plasma, it may thus be of pathophysiological relevance. The thromboplastin activity increased with increasing number of platelets added. Cycloheximide inhibited the increase, suggesting that de novo synthesis of the protein component of thromboplastin, apoprotein III, is necessary.When care was taken to remove monocytes no thromboplastin activity and no apoprotein HI antigen could be demonstrated in suspensions of gel-filtered platelets, platelets aggregated with thrombin or homogenized platelets when studied with a coagulation assay and an antibody neutralization technique.

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