Chemical compounds and antioxidant activity of Antarctic lichens

Abstract We assessed the content of some major and trace elements and lichen compounds as well as antioxidant activity in eight lichen species representing four families collected in areas > 1 km distant from Bellingshausen (King George Island) and > 1 km distant from Molodezhnaya (Thala Hills, Enderby Land) research stations. Content levels of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and As in Physcia caesia, Physconia muscigena, Umbilicaria aprina, Umbilicaria decussata and Usnea aurantiaco-atra thalli were similar to or lower than previously reported for these species in the Maritime and Continental Antarctic, as well as from reference sites. The first data on the contents of 15 elements in Ramalina terebrata and Thamnolecania brialmontii thalli from the Maritime Antarctic are reported. Our analyses confirmed the presence of the main photosynthetic pigments in the species examined (chlorophyll a and b, phaeophytin a and b, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein and β-carotene). We identified protolichesterinic acid in T. brialmontii thalli for the first time. Antioxidant activity varied from 190 μg/g dry weight (U. decussata) to 14,740 μg/g dry weight (T. brialmontii). The data obtained complement previous research while also providing new baseline data that will have utility in monitoring and identifying future change.

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Two additions to the moss flora of the South Shetland Islands in the maritime Antarctic

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.3598 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mariusz Wierzgoń ◽

Tomasz Suchan ◽

Michał Ronikier

Keyword(s):

South Shetland Islands ◽

King George Island ◽

Maritime Antarctic ◽

The South ◽

Shetland Islands ◽

Bay Area ◽

Leading Position ◽

Glacial Cover ◽

The Antarctic ◽

First Time

Tortella fragilis (Drumm.) Limpr. (Pottiaceae) and Bryum nivale Müll. Hal. (Bryaceae) are recorded for the first time from the South Shetland Islands in the northern maritime Antarctic. They were discovered in the Admiralty Bay area on King George Island, the largest island of this archipelago. The two species are briefly characterized morphologically, their habitats are described, and their distribution in the Antarctic is mapped. Discovery of these species has increased the documented moss flora of King George Island to 67 species, strengthening it in the leading position among individual areas with the richest diversity of moss flora in Antarctica. Likewise, T. fragilis and B. nivale represent remarkable additions to the moss flora of the South Shetland Islands, which currently consists of 92 species and one variety, making this archipelago by far the richest bryofloristically amongst large geographic regions of the Antarctic. Comparison of recent (2018) and old (1985) photographs revealed a significant retreat of glacial cover and suggests that the collection site was likely opened for colonization only within the last several decades. The record of T. fragilis is biogeographically relevant, and constitutes an intermediate site between the species’ occurrences in the Antarctic Peninsula and southern South America. The present record of B. nivale is the fourth discovery of the species worldwide, which may be helpful for the future designation of the distribution of this extremely rare species.

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Molecular identification of Trichocera maculipennis, an invasive fly species in the Maritime Antarctic

Molecular Biology Reports ◽

10.1007/s11033-020-05566-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

pp. 6379-6384

Author(s):

Marta Potocka ◽

Ewa Krzemińska ◽

Robert Gromadka ◽

Jan Gawor ◽

Joanna Kocot-Zalewska

Keyword(s):

Molecular Identification ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

South Shetland Islands ◽

King George Island ◽

Maritime Antarctic ◽

Shetland Islands ◽

Fragile Environment ◽

First Time

Abstract Trichocera maculipennis, an invasive Diptera, was described for the first time in Antarctica in 2006 in a sewage system of one of the scientific stations on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, and started to increase its distribution within the island. To date, only taxonomical description of this species, based on morphological data has been available, as there were no molecular data recorded. In the present study, we present two methods of molecular identification of this species—based on partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S) genes. An appropriate and easy-to-use assay for proper and fast identification of invasive species is a key requirement for further management decisions, especially in such a fragile environment as found in terrestrial Antarctica.

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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Whole Parts of Onobrychis crista-galli (L.) Lam

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315510666191218094623 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 642-654

Author(s):

Wassila Benchadi ◽

Hamada Haba ◽

Emerson Ferreira Queiroz ◽

Laurence Marcourt ◽

Jean-Luc Wolfender ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

First Time ◽

Β Carotene

Objective: The aim of the present study is to examine the phytochemical components and the biological activities of the whole parts of Onobrychis crista-galli (L.) Lam. growing in Algeria. Methods: The structures of the isolated compounds 1-15 were elucidated using different spectroscopic methods and by comparison with literature data. The biological evaluation of the plant was determined by the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The antioxidant activity of various extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) and some isolated flavonoids was assessed by using five different test systems, namely, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2’- azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), superoxide alkaline DMSO, and β-carotene/linoleic acid tests. In addition, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined as gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity by protein denaturation was measured for all extracts. Results: Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of Onobrychis crista- galli led to the isolation for the first time of fifteen known compounds. The present study reports for the first time the isolation and identification of fifteen known compounds from this species. The ethyl acetate extract had rich phenolic content indicating (31.09 ± 0.40 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of fresh weight), while n-butanol extract displayed a high content in flavonoid compounds (60.70±0.7 mg quercetin equivalents/ g of fresh weight). This investigation indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of O. crista-galli showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50= 17.13±0.51 μg/mL, DPPH), (IC50= 82.99±2.50 μg/mL, ABTS), and (A0.50= 94.67±0.41 μg/mL, CUPRAC), (IC50= 97.09±2.20 μg/mL, DMSO), (IC50: 36.73±1.17 μg/mL, β-carotene/linoleic acid). Furthermore, the compound luteolin 5-methyl ether (14) exhibited a good antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC50= 06.05 ± 0.15 μg /mL) and CUPRAC (A0.5= 12.57 ± 0.34 μg /mL) assays. Moreover, the ethyl acetate and nbutanol extracts of O. crista-galli evidenced a good to moderate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: The extracts of the whole plant of O. crista-galli (L.) Lam. showed potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

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Evaluation and Comparative Study of the Nutritional Profile and Antioxidant Potential of New Quinoa Varieties

Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research ◽

10.9734/ajahr/2019/v3i330002 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriela Silvina Razzeto ◽

María Angelina Uñates ◽

José Elías Rojas Moreno ◽

Romina Viviana Lucero López ◽

Elba Graciela Aguilar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Antinutritional Factors ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

Β Carotene

Aims: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an ancient crop known for its high nutritive potential. The goal of the present work is to study the nutritional composition, identify some antinutritional factors and antioxidant compounds, and evaluate their antioxidant activity in four advanced lines of quinoa seeds obtained in experimental plots. Methodology: For this purpose, proteins, total lipids, fiber, moisture, ash and carbohydrates, as well as fatty acid composition and mineral content, were determined in whole meal flours of these advanced lines. The presence of trypsin inhibitors, saponins, nitrates, oxalates and phytate was also evaluated, as well as total phenols and antioxidant activity. Results: These new quinoa varieties have good nutritional properties, with high protein content in comparison to cereals. In this work, the analysis of proximate and mineral profile of quinoa showed that this pseudocereal has a similar profile but significantly higher than rice, a traditional cereal. Quinoa is a rich source of magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and molybdenum, which are elements that are deficient in almost all gluten-free cereals. The tests performed on the evaluated antinutrient compounds resulted within the acceptable values for human consumption. The seed extract showed a total phenol content between 43.42 ± 1.35 and 25.82 ± 1.47 mg of gallic acid equivalent/100 g dry weight (P= .05). The antioxidant activities were estimated by DPPH, β carotene and nitric oxide scavenging activity. The results of the methanolic extract were, in average, 88.95 for %DPPH, 26.56 for %β carotene, and varied between 85.82 ± 8.32 to 22.20 ± 1.80 for %NO (P= .05). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the new quinoa lines obtained in the central-west region of Argentina, which present agronomic advantages, are safe for human consumption and beneficial due to the content of nutrients and bioactive compounds that exert protection against many diseases.

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Investigations on carotenoids in lichens. XXXII. Carotenoids occurring in the thalli of lichens from Kenya (Equatorial Africa)

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1992.021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 231-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bazyli Czeczuga ◽

Roland Moberg ◽

Vagn Alstrup

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Total Carotenoid ◽

Thinlayer Chromatography ◽

Equatorial Africa ◽

Total Carotenoid Content ◽

First Time ◽

Β Carotene

The presence of cartenoids in nineteen species of lichens from Kenya (Equatorial Africa) was studied by column and thinlayer chromatography. This investigations revealed the presence of the following carotenoids: neurosporene, α-carotene, β-carotene, rubixanthin, α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, 3'-epilutein, torularhodin, diatoxanthin, neoxanthin, echinenone, 3'-hydroxyechinenone, canthaxanthin, α-doradexanthin, astaxanthin, β-carotene epoxide, antheraxanthin, lutein epoxide, violaxanthin, mutatoxanthin, flavoxanthin, capsochrome, β-apo-8'-carotenal, β-apo-10'-carotenal and apo-12'-violaxanthal. Five of these, torularhodin, 3'-hydroxyechinenone, capsochrome, β-apo-8'-carotenal and β-apo-10'-carotenal, are reported for the first time from lichens. The total carotenoid content of the material ranged from 15.88 (Pyxine cocoes) to 135.44 µg g-1 dry weight (Telaschistes chrysophthalmus).

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Antioxidant Activity and Anthocyanin Contents in Olives (cv Cellina di Nardò) during Ripening and after Fermentation

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8050138 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 138 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alessio Aprile ◽

Carmine Negro ◽

Erika Sabella ◽

Andrea Luvisi ◽

Francesca Nicolì ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Olive Tree ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Table Olives ◽

Ripening Stages ◽

Black Olive ◽

First Time ◽

Black Color

The olive tree “Cellina di Nardò” (CdN) is one of the most widespread cultivars in Southern Italy, mainly grown in the Provinces of Lecce, Taranto, and Brindisi over a total of about 60,000 hectares. Although this cultivar is mainly used for oil production, the drupes are also suitable and potentially marketable as table olives. When used for this purpose, olives are harvested after complete maturation, which gives to them a naturally black color due to anthocyanin accumulation. This survey reports for the first time on the total phenolic content (TPC), anthocyanin characterization, and antioxidant activity of CdN olive fruits during ripening and after fermentation. The antioxidant activity (AA) was determined using three different methods. Data showed that TPC increased during maturation, reaching values two times higher in completely ripened olives. Anthocyanins were found only in mature olives and the concentrations reached up to 5.3 g/kg dry weight. AA was determined for the four ripening stages, and was particularly high in the totally black olive fruit, in accordance with TPC and anthocyanin amounts. Moreover, the CdN olives showed a higher TPC and a greater AA compared to other black table olives produced by cultivars commonly grown for this purpose. These data demonstrate the great potential of black table CdN olives, a product that combines exceptional organoleptic properties with a remarkable antioxidant capacity.

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Variation for antioxidant activity and antioxidants in a subset of AVRDC—the World Vegetable Center Capsicum core collection

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1079/pgr200444 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 153-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Peter M. Hanson ◽

Ray-yu Yang ◽

Susan Lin ◽

Samson C. S. Tsou ◽

Tung-Ching Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Core Collection ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The World ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Β Carotene

Pepper (Capsicum sp.) is important in human diets in many parts of the world and a major source of several antioxidants, including carotenoids, ascorbic acid, tocopherols and phenolics. More information on genetic diversity within Capsicum for antioxidant (AO) content and antioxidant activity (AOA) could contribute to improved human health. We evaluated 46 Capsicum accessions from AVRDC—the World Vegetable Center Capsicum core collection for content of nine AO (five carotenoids, ascorbic acid, tocopherols α and γ, and total phenolics) and two AOA assays for 2 years in south Taiwan. Ample genetic diversity exists within C. annuum to increase AO content. Based on dry weight values, non-pungent C. annuum entries as a group were significantly greater than pungent entries for contents of β-cryptoxanthin (36%), ascorbic acid (65%), total phenolics (36%) and α-tocopherol (11%). Group means of the brown-fruited entries exceeded the means of red-fruited entries for capsanthin (34%), zeaxanthin (37%), lutein (36%), β-cryptoxanthin (71%), β-carotene (82%), ascorbic acid (19%) and α-tocopherol (40%). Red-fruited C. annuum entries ‘Verdano Poblano’ and ‘Guajillo Ancho’ from Mexico ranked among the entries highest for all carotenoids, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation (ILP) assay could be adopted for AOA characterization or selection because of high variation among entries and consistent entry performance over years. ILP was positively correlated with phenolics (r=0.72**) and ascorbic acid (r=0.58**) contents. Significant positive correlations were detected between most carotenoids as well as a significant positive correlation between ascorbic acid and total phenolics contents (r=0.78**).

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Effect of Selenium Application and Growth Stage at Harvest on Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Antioxidants in Lamb’s Lettuce (Valerianella locusta L. Laterr.)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10122733 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2733

Author(s):

Liubov Skrypnik ◽

Tatiana Styran ◽

Tamara Savina ◽

Nadezhda Golubkina

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Cultivation Conditions ◽

Lipophilic Compounds ◽

Food Value ◽

Β Carotene

Lamb’s lettuce (Valerianella locusta L. Laterr.) is a leafy green vegetable that is rich in various biological active compounds and is widely used in ready-to-eat salads. The cultivation conditions and growth stage could affect the secondary metabolism in plants and thereby modify their food value. In the present study, the effect of selenium (Se) application in various concentrations (5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 µM) on the contents of Se, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and antioxidant activity of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts of lamb’s lettuce harvested at three growth stages (38, 52, and 66 days after sowing (DAS)) was studied. Se application significantly increased the Se concentration in the shoots (up to 124.4 μg g−1 dry weight), as well as the contents of chlorogenic acid, total flavonoids, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll b, and the antioxidant activity of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts. A higher content of phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant activity of hydrophilic extracts was observed at the first growth stage (38 DAS). On the contrary, higher contents of lipophilic compounds (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, lutein, β-carotene) and higher antioxidant activity of lipophilic extracts were found for shoots harvested at later stages (52 and 66 DAS).

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Elderberry Stalks as a Source of High-Value Phytochemical: Essential Minerals and Lipophilic Compounds

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app12010382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 382

Author(s):

Samuel Patinha ◽

Juliana V. Murteira ◽

Carina Pedrosa Costa ◽

Ângelo C. Salvador ◽

Sónia A. O. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Polar Fraction ◽

Natural Source ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Lipophilic Compounds ◽

Essential Minerals ◽

Calcium Iron ◽

First Time

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) consumption has been growing in the last years, generating a large number of stalks (~10% of the berries bunch) that are still under-valorized. This study focused on the evaluation of elderberry stalks as a source of high-value phytochemicals. In this vein, the essential mineral content and lipophilic composition were analyzed for the first time. In addition, the polar fraction was evaluated regarding its total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity by both 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) assays. The lipophilic fraction was mainly composed of triterpenic acids (2902.20 mg kg−1 of dry weight (dw)), fatty acids (711.73 mg kg−1 dw) and sterols (288.56 mg kg−1 dw). Minor amounts of long-chain aliphatic alcohols and other components were also detected. Ursolic acid (2265.83 mg kg−1 dw), hexadecanoic acid (219.85 mg kg−1 dw) and β-sitosterol (202.74 mg kg−1 dw) were the major lipophilic components verified. The results of this study also indicated that elderberry stalks might be used as a natural source of essential minerals, particularly calcium, iron and potassium, which are known to play important roles in various body functions. The analysis of the polar fraction also showed that elderberry stalks present TPC as high as elderberry themselves as well as considerable antioxidant activity (1.04 and 0.37 mmol TE g−1 of extract, against respectively ABTS and DPPH radicals). These results highlight the potential of elderberry stalks as a natural source of high-value phytochemicals that may be explored in several fields.

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Chemical Composition of Argentinean Propolis Collected in Extreme Regions and its Relation with Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100600618 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Nancy Vera ◽

Eliana Solorzano ◽

Roxana Ordoñez ◽

Luis Maldonado ◽

Enrique Bedascarrasbure ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

First Time ◽

Β Carotene

This paper reveals, for the first time, the functional properties of propolis from an extreme region of Argentine ( El Rincón, Province of Catamarca, Argentina), as well as the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds. The antioxidant activity was determined by the ABTS method and β-carotene bleaching. The antibacterial activity was determined on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by the microdilution method and bioautographic assays. Twelve compounds were isolated and identified by NMR spectroscopy. The main bioactive compounds were 2′,4′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxychalcone (3), 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone (9), 2′,4′,4-trihydroxy-6′- methoxychalcone (8), 5-hydroxy-4′,7-dimethoxyflavone (4), 4′,5-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (10) and 7-hydroxy- 5,8-dimethoxyflavone (11). All compounds were active against clinical isolates (MIC50 10 μg/ mL) and displayed antioxidant activity (SC50 values of 20 μg/mL). The MIC and SC50 values of the isolated compounds were lower than those obtained with crude propolis extracts, chloroform sub-extracts and isolated fractions.

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