Unraveling the Roles of Vascular Proteins Using Proteomics

Vascular bundles play important roles in transporting nutrients, growth signals, amino acids, and proteins between aerial and underground tissues. In order to understand these sophisticated processes, a comprehensive analysis of the roles of the components located in the vascular tissues is required. A great deal of data has been obtained from proteomic analyses of vascular tissues in plants, which mainly aim to identify the proteins moving through the vascular tissues. Here, different aspects of the phloem and xylem proteins are reviewed, including their collection methods, and their main biological roles in growth, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. The study of vascular proteomics shows great potential to contribute to our understanding of the biological mechanisms related to development and defense in plants.

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Effects of Substrate-Binding Site Residues on the Biochemical Properties of a Tau Class Glutathione S-Transferase from Oryza sativa

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11010025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xue Yang ◽

Jinchi Wei ◽

Zhihai Wu ◽

Jie Gao

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Binding Site ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Stress Resistance ◽

Substrate Binding ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Substrate Binding Site

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)—an especially plant-specific tau class of GSTs—are key enzymes involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. To improve the stress resistance of crops via the genetic modification of GSTs, we predicted the amino acids present in the GSH binding site (G-site) and hydrophobic substrate-binding site (H-site) of OsGSTU17, a tau class GST in rice. We then examined the enzyme activity, substrate specificity, enzyme kinetics and thermodynamic stability of the mutant enzymes. Our results showed that the hydrogen bonds between Lys42, Val56, Glu68, and Ser69 of the G-site and glutathione were essential for enzyme activity and thermal stability. The hydrophobic side chains of amino acids of the H-site contributed to enzyme activity toward 4-nitrobenzyl chloride but had an inhibitory effect on enzyme activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and cumene hydroperoxide. Different amino acids of the H-site had different effects on enzyme activity toward a different substrate, 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. Moreover, Leu112 and Phe162 were found to inhibit the catalytic efficiency of OsGSTU17 to 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, while Pro16, Leu112, and Trp165 contributed to structural stability. The results of this research enhance the understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of tau class GSTs to improve the abiotic stress resistance of crops.

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Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses of Domesticated Vigna Legumes: A Comprehensive Review

Microbial Mitigation of Stress Response of Food Legumes ◽

10.1201/9781003028413-3 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 11-23

Author(s):

Difo Voukang Harouna

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Comprehensive Review

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Genome-wide identification of citrus calmodulin-like genes and their expression in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and drought

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2020-0160 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Shu ◽

YaChao Xie ◽

Fei Zhang ◽

Dejian Zhang ◽

Chunyan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome

Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins represent a diverse family of protein in plants, and play significant roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, the involvement of citrus CMLs in plant responses to drought stress (abiotic stress) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization remain relatively unknown. We characterized the citrus CML genes by analyzing the EF-hand domains and a genome-wide search, and identified a total of 38 such genes, distributed across at least nine chromosomes. Six tandem duplication clusters were observed in the CsCMLs, and 12 CsCMLs exhibited syntenic relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana CMLs. Gene expression analysis showed that 29 CsCMLs were expressed in the roots, and exhibited differential expression patterns. The regulation of CsCMLs expression was not consistent with the cis-elements identified in their promoters. CsCML2, 3, and 5 were upregulated in response to drought stress, and AMF colonization repressed the expression of CsCML7, 9, 12, 13,20, 27, 28, and 35,and induced that of CsCML1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 25, 30, 33, and 37. Furthermore, AMF colonization and drought stress exerted a synergistic effect, evident from the enhanced repression of CsCML7, 9, 12, 13, 27, 28, and 35 and enhanced expression of CsCML2, 3, and 5 under AMF colonization and drought stress. The present study provides valuable insights into the CsCML gene family and its responses to AMF colonization and drought stress.

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Proteins involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses as the most significant biomarkers in the ripening of Pinot Noir skins

Functional & Integrative Genomics ◽

10.1007/s10142-010-0205-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 341-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Alfredo Simone Negri ◽

Elisa Robotti ◽

Bhakti Prinsi ◽

Luca Espen ◽

Emilio Marengo

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress

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Genome-Wide Characterization, Expression Profile Analysis of WRKY Family Genes in Santalum album and Functional Identification of Their Role in Abiotic Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20225676 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (22) ◽

pp. 5676 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haifeng Yan ◽

Mingzhi Li ◽

Yuping Xiong ◽

Jianming Wu ◽

Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Protein Sequences ◽

Santalum Album ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Functional Identification ◽

Wrky Protein

WRKY proteins are a large superfamily of transcription factors that are involved in diverse biological processes including development, as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. WRKY family proteins have been extensively characterized and analyzed in many plant species, including Arabidopsis, rice, and poplar. However, knowledge on WRKY transcription factors in Santalum album is scarce. Based on S. album genome and transcriptome data, 64 SaWRKY genes were identified in this study. A phylogenetic analysis based on the structures of WRKY protein sequences divided these genes into three major groups (I, II, III) together with WRKY protein sequences from Arabidopsis. Tissue-specific expression patterns showed that 37 SaWRKY genes were expressed in at least one of five tissues (leaves, roots, heartwood, sapwood, or the transition zone), while the remaining four genes weakly expressed in all of these tissues. Analysis of the expression profiles of the 42 SaWRKY genes after callus was initiated by salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) revealed that 25 and 24 SaWRKY genes, respectively, were significantly induced. The function of SaWRKY1, which was significantly up-regulated by SA and MeJA, was analyzed. SaWRKY1 was localized in the nucleus and its overexpression improved salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Our study provides important information to further identify the functions of SaWRKY genes and to understand the roles of SaWRKY family genes involved in the development and in SA- and MeJA-mediated stress responses.

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