Genome-wide identification of citrus calmodulin-like genes and their expression in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and drought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Shu ◽  
YaChao Xie ◽  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Dejian Zhang ◽  
Chunyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins represent a diverse family of protein in plants, and play significant roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, the involvement of citrus CMLs in plant responses to drought stress (abiotic stress) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization remain relatively unknown. We characterized the citrus CML genes by analyzing the EF-hand domains and a genome-wide search, and identified a total of 38 such genes, distributed across at least nine chromosomes. Six tandem duplication clusters were observed in the CsCMLs, and 12 CsCMLs exhibited syntenic relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana CMLs. Gene expression analysis showed that 29 CsCMLs were expressed in the roots, and exhibited differential expression patterns. The regulation of CsCMLs expression was not consistent with the cis-elements identified in their promoters. CsCML2, 3, and 5 were upregulated in response to drought stress, and AMF colonization repressed the expression of CsCML7, 9, 12, 13,20, 27, 28, and 35,and induced that of CsCML1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 25, 30, 33, and 37. Furthermore, AMF colonization and drought stress exerted a synergistic effect, evident from the enhanced repression of CsCML7, 9, 12, 13, 27, 28, and 35 and enhanced expression of CsCML2, 3, and 5 under AMF colonization and drought stress. The present study provides valuable insights into the CsCML gene family and its responses to AMF colonization and drought stress.

scholarly journals Coordinated Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soybean MAPK Pathway Genes Improved Mycorrhizal Soybean Drought Tolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilei Liu ◽  
Yuanjing Li ◽  
Lina Ma ◽  
Haichao Wei ◽  
Jianfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mapk Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in the stress response in both plants and microorganisms. The mycorrhizal symbiosis established between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants can enhance plant drought tolerance, which might be closely related to the fungal MAPK response and the molecular dialogue between fungal and soybean MAPK cascades. To verify the above hypothesis, germinal Glomus intraradices (syn. Rhizophagus irregularis) spores and potted experiments were conducted. The results showed that AMF GiMAPKs with high homology with MAPKs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae had different gene expression patterns under different conditions (nitrogen starvation, abscisic acid treatment, and drought). Drought stress upregulated the levels of fungi and soybean MAPK transcripts in mycorrhizal soybean roots, indicating the possibility of a molecular dialogue between the two symbiotic sides of symbiosis and suggesting that they might cooperate to regulate the mycorrhizal soybean drought-stress response. Meanwhile, the changes in hydrogen peroxide, soluble sugar, and proline levels in mycorrhizal soybean as well as in the accelerated exchange of carbon and nitrogen in the symbionts were contributable to drought adaptation of the host plants. Thus, it can be preliminarily inferred that the interactions of MAPK signals on both sides, symbiotic fungus and plant, might regulate the response of symbiosis and, thus, improve the resistance of mycorrhizal soybean to drought stress.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Regulate MAPK Pathway Genes Expression and Enhance Drought Tolerance of Populus Simonii × P. Nigra Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tao ◽  
Fengxin Dong ◽  
Yihan Wang ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Ming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Populus Simonii ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Abstract Background: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a symbiotic relationship with host plants, which can promote plants to absorb more water and nutrients, and thus improve the stress resistance of plants. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of Rhizophagus irregularis on Populus simonii × P. nigra seedlings under drought stress. Results: The experiment was a completely random design with two water conditions (well-watered or drought stress) and two AMF treatments (inoculated with or without R. irregularis). Our results showed that mycorrhizal seedlings performed less oxidative damage and stronger tolerance of drought, which recorded higher photosynthesis and less concentrations of Malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and proline under drought stress versus non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Under drought stress, AMF inoculation reduced soluble sugar concentration in leaves but promoted its accumulation in roots. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in leaves and roots, and catalase (CAT) activity in roots of mycorrhizal seedlings were lower than non-mycorrhizal seedlings, but CAT activity in leaves of mycorrhizal seedlings was higher than non-mycorrhizal seedlings under drought stress. Drought stress and AMF inoculation both induced the expressions of MAPKs of P. simonii × P. nigra, but the expression patterns of MAPKs under four treatments were obviously different.Conclusions: Overall, our results demonstrated that mycorrhizal seedlings had less oxidative damage and stronger tolerance to drought. MAPKs expressions of P. simonii×P. nigra (PsnMAPKs) were induced by drought stress and AMF inoculation, and the expression patterns of PsnMAPKs in response to drought stress were different between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Non-mycorrhizal seedlings may be adapted to drought by up-regulating MAPKs expressions leading to stomatal closure. Drought stress decreased serval PsnMAPKs expressions induced by AMF inoculation, which may be associated with mycorrhizal colonization.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of AP2/ERF transcription factors family in sweet potato

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shutao He ◽  
Xiaomeng Hao ◽  
Shuli He ◽  
Xiaoge Hao ◽  
Xiaonan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Protein Motifs ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Background In recent years, much attention has been given to AP2/ERF transcription factors because they play indispensable roles in many biological processes, such as plant development and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Although AP2/ERFs have been thoroughly characterised in many plant species, the knowledge about this family in the sweet potato, which is a vital edible and medicinal crop, is still limited. In this study, a comprehensive genome-wide investigation was conducted to characterise the AP2/ERF gene family in the sweet potato. Results Here, 198 IbAP2/ERF transcription factors were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis classified the members of the IbAP2/ERF family into three groups, namely, ERF (172 members), AP2 (21 members) and RAV (5 members), which was consistent with the analysis of gene structure and conserved protein domains. The evolutionary characteristics of these IbAP2/ERF genes were systematically investigated by analysing chromosome location, conserved protein motifs and gene duplication events, indicating that the expansion of the IbAP2/ERF gene family may have been caused by tandem duplication. Furthermore, the analysis of cis-acting elements in IbAP2/ERF gene promoters implied that these genes may play crucial roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. Additionally, the available RNA-seq data and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to investigate the expression patterns of IbAP2/ERF genes during sweet potato root development as well as under multiple forms of abiotic stress, and we identified several developmental stage-specific and stress-responsive IbAP2/ERF genes. Furthermore, g59127 was differentially expressed under various stress conditions and was identified as a nuclear protein, which was in line with predicted subcellular localization results. Conclusions This study originally revealed the characteristics of the IbAP2/ERF superfamily and provides valuable resources for further evolutionary and functional investigations of IbAP2/ERF genes in the sweet potato.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Identification and Functional Insight of Lily WRKY Genes Responding to Botrytis Fungal Disease

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Shipra Kumari ◽  
Bashistha Kumar Kanth ◽  
Ju young Ahn ◽  
Jong Hwa Kim ◽  
Geung-Joo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Genome Wide

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq of Lilium longiflorum revealed valuable genes responding to biotic stresses. WRKY transcription factors are regulatory proteins playing essential roles in defense processes under environmental stresses, causing considerable losses in flower quality and production. Thirty-eight WRKY genes were identified from the transcriptomic profile from lily genotypes, exhibiting leaf blight caused by Botrytis elliptica. Lily WRKYs have a highly conserved motif, WRKYGQK, with a common variant, WRKYGKK. Phylogeny of LlWRKYs with homologous genes from other representative plant species classified them into three groups- I, II, and III consisting of seven, 22, and nine genes, respectively. Base on functional annotation, 22 LlWRKY genes were associated with biotic stress, nine with abiotic stress, and seven with others. Sixteen unique LlWRKY were studied to investigate responses to stress conditions using gene expression under biotic and abiotic stress treatments. Five genes—LlWRKY3, LlWRKY4, LlWRKY5, LlWRKY10, and LlWRKY12—were substantially upregulated, proving to be biotic stress-responsive genes in vivo and in vitro conditions. Moreover, the expression patterns of LlWRKY genes varied in response to drought, heat, cold, and different developmental stages or tissues. Overall, our study provides structural and molecular insights into LlWRKY genes for use in the genetic engineering in Lilium against Botrytis disease.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean plants inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium under drought stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Sheteiwy ◽  
Dina Fathi Ismail Ali ◽  
You-Cai Xiong ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Reverse Trend ◽  
Soybean Plants

Abstract Background The present study aims to study the effects of biofertilizers potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) strains on yield and growth of drought stressed soybean (Giza 111) plants at early pod stage (50 days from sowing, R3) and seed development stage (90 days from sowing, R5). Results Highest plant biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, nodulation, and grain yield were observed in the unstressed plants as compared with water stressed-plants at R3 and R5 stages. At soil rhizosphere level, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved bacterial counts and the activities of the enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Irrespective of the drought effects, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved the growth and yield of soybean under both drought (restrained irrigation) and adequately-watered conditions as compared with untreated plants. The current study revealed that AMF and B. japonicum improved catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the seeds, and a reverse trend was observed in case of malonaldehyde (MDA) and proline under drought stress. The relative expression of the CAT and POD genes was up-regulated by the application of biofertilizers treatments under drought stress condition. Interestingly a reverse trend was observed in the case of the relative expression of the genes involved in the proline metabolism such as P5CS, P5CR, PDH, and P5CDH under the same conditions. The present study suggests that biofertilizers diminished the inhibitory effect of drought stress on cell development and resulted in a shorter time for DNA accumulation and the cycle of cell division. There were notable changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism and expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy, and GmC-INV in the plants treated with biofertilizers and exposed to the drought stress at both R3 and R5 stages. These changes in the activities of secondary metabolism and their transcriptional levels caused by biofertilizers may contribute to increasing soybean tolerance to drought stress. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that application of biofertilizers to soybean plants is a promising approach to alleviate drought stress effects on growth performance of soybean plants. The integrated application of biofertilizers may help to obtain improved resilience of the agro ecosystems to adverse impacts of climate change and help to improve soil fertility and plant growth under drought stress.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of WRKY Family Genes and Analysis of Their Expression in Response to Abiotic Stress in Ginkgo biloba L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1100-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuiyuan CHENG ◽  
Xiaomeng LIU ◽  
Yongling LIAO ◽  
Weiwei ZHANG ◽  
Jiabao YE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Response Modes ◽  
Wrky Proteins

Ginkgo biloba is widely planted, and the extracts of leaves contain flavonoids, terpene esters and other medicinal active ingredients. WRKY proteins are a large transcription factor family in plants, which play an important role in the regulation of plant secondary metabolism and development, as well as the response to biotic and abiotic stress. In our study, we identified 40 genes with conserved WRKY motifs in the G. biloba genome and classified into groups I (groups I-N and -C), II (groups IIa, b, c, d, and e), and III, which include 12, 26, and 2 GbWRKY genes, respectively. Meanwhile, the expression patterns of 10 GbWRKY (GbWRKY2, GbWRKY3, GbWRKY5, GbWRKY7, GbWRKY11, GbWRKY15, GbWRKY23, GbWRKY29, GbWRKY31, GbWRKY32) under different tissue and abiotic stress conditions were analyzed. Under stress treatment, the expression patterns of 10 WRKY genes were changed. 10 ginkgo WRKY transcription factors were induced by ETH and SA, but there are two different induced response modes. The expression of 10 WRKY genes was inhibited under low temperature, high temperature and MeJA hormone induction. Most WRKY genes were up-regulated under the induction of high salt and ABA. GbWRKYs were differentially expressed in various tissues after abiotic stress and plant hormone treatments, thereby indicating their possible roles in biological processes and abiotic stress tolerance and adaptation. Our results provided insight into the genome-wide identification of GbWRKYs, as well as their differential responses to stresses and hormones. These data can also be utilized to identify potential molecular targets to confer tolerance to various stresses in G. biloba.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

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