scholarly journals Metabolic N-Dealkylation and N-Oxidation as Elucidators of the Role of Alkylamino Moieties in Drugs Acting at Various Receptors

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Babiker M. EH-Haj
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Open Chain ◽  
Structure Based Drug Design ◽  
Receptor Selectivity ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Insight Into

Metabolic reactions that occur at alkylamino moieties may provide insight into the roles of these moieties when they are parts of drug molecules that act at different receptors. N-dealkylation of N,N-dialkylamino moieties has been associated with retaining, attenuation or loss of pharmacologic activities of metabolites compared to their parent drugs. Further, N-dealkylation has resulted in clinically used drugs, activation of prodrugs, change of receptor selectivity, and providing potential for developing fully-fledged drugs. While both secondary and tertiary alkylamino moieties (open chain aliphatic or heterocyclic) are metabolized by CYP450 isozymes oxidative N-dealkylation, only tertiary alkylamino moieties are subject to metabolic N-oxidation by Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) to give N-oxide products. In this review, two aspects will be examined after surveying the metabolism of representative alkylamino-moieties-containing drugs that act at various receptors (i) the pharmacologic activities and relevant physicochemical properties (basicity and polarity) of the metabolites with respect to their parent drugs and (ii) the role of alkylamino moieties on the molecular docking of drugs in receptors. Such information is illuminative in structure-based drug design considering that fully-fledged metabolite drugs and metabolite prodrugs have been, respectively, developed from N-desalkyl and N-oxide metabolites.

scholarly journals Systematic review on role of structure based drug design (SBDD) in the identification of anti-viral leads against SARS-Cov-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 100026
Author(s):  
Nilesh Gajanan Bajad ◽  
Swetha Rayala ◽  
Gopichand Gutti ◽  
Anjali Sharma ◽  
Meenakshi Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Structure Based Drug Design

scholarly journals Beyond Traditional Structure-Based Drug Design: The Role of Iron Complexation, Strain, and Water in the Binding of Inhibitors for Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase 2

ACS Omega ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 6703-6708
Author(s):  
Scott D. Bembenek ◽  
Hariharan Venkatesan ◽  
Hillary M. Peltier ◽  
Mark D. Rosen ◽  
Terrance D. Barrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Design ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Prolyl Hydroxylase ◽  
Structure Based Drug Design ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
Iron Complexation

Role of Molecular Docking in Computer-Aided Drug Design and Development

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Rahul Agarwal ◽  
Ashutosh Singh ◽  
Subhabrata Sen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Drug Designing ◽  
Near Future

Molecular Docking is widely used in CADD (Computer-Aided Drug Designing), SBDD (Structure-Based Drug Designing) and LBDD (Ligand-Based Drug Designing). It is a method used to predict the binding orientation of one molecule with the other and used for any kind of molecule based on the interaction like, small drug molecule with its protein target, protein – protein binding or a DNA – protein binding. Docking is very much popular technique due to its reliable prediction properties. This book chapter will provide an overview of diverse docking methodologies present that are used in drug design and development. There will be discussion on several case studies, pertaining to each method, followed by advantages and disadvantages of the discussed methodology. It will typically aim professionals in the field of cheminformatics and bioinformatics, both in academia and in industry and aspiring scientists and students who want to take up this as a profession in the near future. We will conclude with our opinion on the effectiveness of this technology in the future of pharmaceutical industry.

Protein-Ligand Docking Methodologies and Its Application in Drug Discovery

2016 ◽  
pp. 196-219
Author(s):  
Sanchaita Rajkhowa ◽  
Ramesh C. Deka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Scoring Functions ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Structure Based Drug Design ◽  
Modern Drug

Molecular docking is a key tool in structural biology and computer-assisted drug design. Molecular docking is a method which predicts the preferred orientation of a ligand when bound in an active site to form a stable complex. It is the most common method used as a structure-based drug design. Here, the authors intend to discuss the various types of docking methods and their development and applications in modern drug discovery. The important basic theories such as sampling algorithm and scoring functions have been discussed briefly. The performances of the different available docking software have also been discussed. This chapter also includes some application examples of docking studies in modern drug discovery such as targeted drug delivery using carbon nanotubes, docking of nucleic acids to find the binding modes and a comparative study between high-throughput screening and structure-based virtual screening.

Structural Insight into Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase (MELK) Conformation and Inhibition toward Structure-Based Drug Design

Biochemistry ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (37) ◽  
pp. 6380-6387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Canevari ◽  
Stefania Re Depaolini ◽  
Ulisse Cucchi ◽  
Jay A. Bertrand ◽  
Elena Casale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Design ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Structure Based Drug Design ◽  
Structural Insight ◽  
Insight Into

The role of quantum mechanics in structure-based drug design

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 725-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Raha ◽  
Martin B. Peters ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Ning Yu ◽  
Andrew M. Wollacott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Structure Based Drug Design

scholarly journals Insight into the Binding and Hydrolytic Preferences of hNudt16 Based on Nucleotide Diphosphate Substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10929
Author(s):  
Magdalena Chrabąszczewska ◽  
Maria Winiewska-Szajewska ◽  
Natalia Ostrowska ◽  
Elżbieta Bojarska ◽  
Janusz Stępiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Stacking Interactions ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Potential Regulatory Role

Nudt16 is a member of the NUDIX family of hydrolases that show specificity towards substrates consisting of a nucleoside diphosphate linked to another moiety X. Several substrates for hNudt16 and various possible biological functions have been reported. However, some of these reports contradict each other and studies comparing the substrate specificity of the hNudt16 protein are limited. Therefore, we quantitatively compared the affinity of hNudt16 towards a set of previously published substrates, as well as identified novel potential substrates. Here, we show that hNudt16 has the highest affinity towards IDP and GppG, with Kd below 100 nM. Other tested ligands exhibited a weaker affinity of several orders of magnitude. Among the investigated compounds, only IDP, GppG, m7GppG, AppA, dpCoA, and NADH were hydrolyzed by hNudt16 with a strong substrate preference for inosine or guanosine containing compounds. A new identified substrate for hNudt16, GppG, which binds the enzyme with an affinity comparable to that of IDP, suggests another potential regulatory role of this protein. Molecular docking of hNudt16-ligand binding inside the hNudt16 pocket revealed two binding modes for representative substrates. Nucleobase stabilization by Π stacking interactions with His24 has been associated with strong binding of hNudt16 substrates.

scholarly journals COMPUTER AIDED DRUG DESIGN: AN OVERVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surabhi Surabhi ◽  
BK Singh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Computer Aided Drug Design ◽  
Structure Based Drug Design ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Discovery and development of a new drug is generally known as a very complex process which takes a lot of time and resources. So now a day’s computer aided drug design approaches are used very widely to increase the efficiency of the drug discovery and development course. Various approaches of CADD are evaluated as promising techniques according to their need, in between all these structure-based drug design and ligand-based drug design approaches are known as very efficient and powerful techniques in drug discovery and development. These both methods can be applied with molecular docking to virtual screening for lead identification and optimization. In the recent times computational tools are widely used in pharmaceutical industries and research areas to improve effectiveness and efficacy of drug discovery and development pipeline. In this article we give an overview of computational approaches, which is inventive process of finding novel leads and aid in the process of drug discovery and development research. Keywords: computer aided drug discovery, structure-based drug design, ligand-based drug design, virtual screening and molecular docking

scholarly journals Recent Trends and Applications of Molecular Modeling in GPCR–Ligand Recognition and Structure-Based Drug Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Yuan ◽  
Yechun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Ligand Recognition ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Enhanced Sampling ◽  
Structure Based Drug Design ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
G Protein Coupled

G protein-coupled receptors represent the largest family of human membrane proteins and are modulated by a variety of drugs and endogenous ligands. Molecular modeling techniques, especially enhanced sampling methods, have provided significant insight into the mechanism of GPCR–ligand recognition. Notably, the crucial role of the membrane in the ligand-receptor association process has earned much attention. Additionally, docking, together with more accurate free energy calculation methods, is playing an important role in the design of novel compounds targeting GPCRs. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the computational studies focusing on the above issues. In the future, with continuous improvement in both computational hardware and algorithms, molecular modeling would serve as an indispensable tool in a wider scope of the research concerning GPCR–ligand recognition as well as drug design targeting GPCRs.

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