scholarly journals Cannabidiol Attenuates MK-801-Induced Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia in the Passive Avoidance Test in Mice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5977
Author(s):  
Marta Kruk-Slomka ◽  
Grazyna Biala
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Acute Injection

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that disturbs feelings and behavior. The symptoms of schizophrenia fall into three categories: positive, negative, and cognitive. Cognitive symptoms are characterized by memory loss or attentional deficits, and are especially difficult to treat. Thus, there is intense research into the development of new treatments for schizophrenia-related responses. One of the possible strategies is connected with cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabinoid compound. This research focuses on the role of CBD in different stages of memory (acquisition, consolidation, retrieval) connected with fear conditioning in the passive avoidance (PA) learning task in mice, as well as in the memory impairment typical of cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Memory impairment was provoked by an acute injection of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 (animal model of schizophrenia). Our results revealed that an acute injection of CBD (30 mg/kg; intraperitoneally (i.p.) improved all phases of long-term fear memory in the PA test in mice. Moreover, the acute injection of non-effective doses of CBD (1 or 5 mg/kg; i.p.) attenuated the memory impairment provoked by MK-801 (0.6 mg/kg; i.p.) in the consolidation and retrieval stages of fear memory, but not in the acquisition of memory. The present findings confirm that CBD has a positive influence on memory and learning processes in mice, and reveals that this cannabinoid compound is able to attenuate memory impairment connected with hypofunction of glutamate transmission in a murine model of schizophrenia.

The effect of GABA-B receptors in the basolateral amygdala on passive avoidance memory impairment induced by MK-801 in rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 113313
Author(s):  
Mitra Khakpoor ◽  
Salar Vaseghi ◽  
Mohammad-Hossein Mohammadi-Mahdiabadi-Hasani ◽  
Mohammad Nasehi
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Avoidance Memory

N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors are Involved in the Effect of Lithium on Passive Avoidance Memory in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M.-R. Zarrindast ◽  
H. Niasari ◽  
S. Ahmadi ◽  
B. Shafaghi
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Passive Avoidance Task ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Test Administration ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Memory Assessment ◽  
State Dependent

In the present study, the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist and antagonist on the lithium state-dependent memory have been investigated. For memory assessment, one-trial step-down passive avoidance task was used in adult male NMRI mice. Post-training intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of lithium (10 mg/kg) impaired the memory of passive avoidance task. Pre-test administration of the same dose of the drug (10 mg/kg) restored impairment of memory by lithium given after training. This is known as state-dependent memory. In addition, pre-test administration of both NMDA receptor agonist (NMDA; 0.01 and 0.1 ng/mouse, i.c.v.) and the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.1 and 0.5 mg/mouse, i.c.v) also restored impairment of memory induced by post-training lithium. On the other hand, pre-test co-administration of ineffective dose of NMDA (0.001 ng/mouse, i.c.v.) or MK-801 (0.001 mg/mouse, i.c.v) with lower doses of lithium (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the restoration of memory by lithium. The results suggest that NMDA receptors are involved, at least partly, in the lithium state-dependent memory of passive avoidance task.

scholarly journals Ketamine Produces a Long-Lasting Enhancement of CA1 Neuron Excitability

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8091
Author(s):  
Grace Jang ◽  
M. Bruce MacIver
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Potassium Channel ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Channel Block ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Excitatory Transmission ◽  
Ketamine Anesthesia

Ketamine is a clinical anesthetic and antidepressant. Although ketamine is a known NMDA receptor antagonist, the mechanisms contributing to antidepression are unclear. This present study examined the loci and duration of ketamine’s actions, and the involvement of NMDA receptors. Local field potentials were recorded from the CA1 region of mouse hippocampal slices. Ketamine was tested at antidepressant and anesthetic concentrations. Effects of NMDA receptor antagonists APV and MK-801, GABA receptor antagonist bicuculline, and a potassium channel blocker TEA were also studied. Ketamine decreased population spike amplitudes during application, but a long-lasting increase in amplitudes was seen during washout. Bicuculline reversed the acute effects of ketamine, but the washout increase was not altered. This long-term increase was statistically significant, sustained for >2 h, and involved postsynaptic mechanisms. A similar effect was produced by MK-801, but was only partially evident with APV, demonstrating the importance of the NMDA receptor ion channel block. TEA also produced a lasting excitability increase, indicating a possible involvement of potassium channel block. This is this first report of a long-lasting increase in excitability following ketamine exposure. These results support a growing literature that increased GABA inhibition contributes to ketamine anesthesia, while increased excitatory transmission contributes to its antidepressant effects.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst. as a nootropic, neuroprotective, or antidepressant supplement: analysis of the available clinical data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Brimson ◽  
Sirikalaya Brimson ◽  
Mani Iyer Prasanth ◽  
Premrutai Thitilertdecha ◽  
Dicson Sheeja Malar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Inspection Time ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects

AbstractBacopamonnieri (Linn.) Wettst. has been used in traditional medicine as a drug to enhance and improve memory. In this regard, this study aims to provide B. monnieri's efficacy as a neuroprotective drug and as a nootropic against various neurological diseases. Literatures were collected, following Prisma guidelines, from databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct and were scrutinized using a quality scoring system. Means, standard deviations and ‘n’ numbers were extracted from the metrics and analyzed. Jamovi computer software for Mac was used to carry out the meta-analysis. The selected studies suggested that the plant extracts were able to show some improvements in healthy subjects which were determined in Auditory Verbal Learning Task, digit span-reverse test, inspection time task and working memory, even though it was not significant, as no two studies found statistically significant changes in the same two tests. B. monnieri was able to express modest improvements in subjects with memory loss, wherein only a few of the neuropsychological tests showed statistical significance. B. monnieri in a cocktail with other plant extracts were able to significantly reduce the effects of Alzheimer’s disease, and depression which cannot be solely credited as the effect of B. monnieri. Although in one study B. monnieri was able to potentiate the beneficial effects of citalopram; on the whole, currently, there are only limited studies to establish the memory-enhancing and neuroprotective effects of B. monnieri. More studies have to be done in the future by comparing the effect with standard drugs, in order to establish these effects clinically in the plant and corroborate the preclinical data.

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