scholarly journals Dietary Diversity and Food Variety in Chinese Children Aged 3–17 Years: Are They Negatively Associated with Dietary Micronutrient Inadequacy?

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Meng ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Carolien Loo-Bouwman ◽  
Yumei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Problem ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Food Variety ◽  
Mean Adequacy Ratio

Micronutrient inadequacy remains a nutritional problem in Chinese children. However, the associations between dietary diversity and inadequate micronutrient intake have not been extensively studied. A total of 2012 children aged 3–17 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included for analysis. Dietary diversity score (DDS) and food variety scores (FVS) were assessed based on three 24-h recall periods. The nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) was used to determine the micronutrient adequacy of the diet. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR, %) was defined as the sum of each NAR divided by the number of involved micronutrients. Overall micronutrient inadequacy (OMI) was defined as having a MAR below 0.75. Micronutrient inadequacy was defined as the proportion of individuals whose nutrient intake was less than the estimated average requirement. After adjustment confounders, DDS and FVSs were positively associated with MAR and NAR of most nutrients except sodium (p < 0.05). A higher DDS was negatively associated with the prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, iron, zinc, selenium, niacin, phosphorus, magnesium and OMI. Similar results were found for FVSs. In conclusion, this study indicates that poor dietary diversity and food variety in Chinese children are directly associated with inadequate micronutrient intake.

scholarly journals “Vegetable, Fruit and Cereal” Dietary Pattern in Chinese Children Aged 3–12 Years Old: Is It Associated with Dietary Protein and Micronutrient Inadequacy? (P18-104-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Meng ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Lower Tertile ◽  
Calcium Iron

Abstract Objectives To identify the dietary pattern and to investigate the association between dietary pattern with dietary protein and micronutrient inadequacy among Chinese children, using a national representative data. Methods A total of 1484 children aged 3–12 years from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were included for analysis. Dietary nutrients intake were assessed based on three 24-h recall periods. Overall micronutrient inadequacy (OMI) was defined as having a mean adequacy ratio (MAR) below 0.75, where MAR was calculated as the sum of each nutrient adequacy ratio divided by the number of involved nutrients. Nutrient inadequacy was defined as the proportion of individuals whose nutrient intake was less than the estimated average requirement. Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis with a principal component method. The logistic regression model was employed to explore the association of nutrient inadequacy with tertile categories of standardized dietary pattern score. Results A “vegetable, fruit and cereal” (VFC) dietary pattern, characterized by high consumption of vegetables, fruits and cereals, was identified. With VFC dietary pattern score increasing, the prevalence of inadequacy of protein, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C, niacin, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, phosphorus, magnesium and OMI was decreasing (P < 0.01). After adjustment confounders of age, gender, urbanization level and daily energy intake, the VFC pattern was significantly negatively associated with involved dietary nutrient inadequacy except calcium, with the odds ratio (OR) ranging from 0.10 to 0.36 for the medium tertile and 0.02 to 0.18 for the upper tertile, with the lower tertile as the reference group. Conclusions This study indicates that a “vegetable, fruit and cereal” dietary pattern are negatively associated with inadequacy of protein and micronutrients in Chinese children. Funding Sources This research received no external funding. The datasets we used are based on the online resources, which are open to the public for free. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity and Micronutrients Adequacy in Women of Childbearing Age: Results from ELANS Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1994
Author(s):  
Georgina Gómez ◽  
Ágatha Nogueira Previdelli ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg ◽  
Irina Kovalskys ◽  
Mauro Fisberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Adequacy Ratio

Dietary diversity, an important component of diet quality, is associated with an increased probability of adequate micronutrient intake. Women of childbearing age (WCA) are particularly vulnerable to micronutrient inadequacy. The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) has been used widely as a proxy measurement of micronutrient adequacy. This study aimed to assess the association between MDD-W and nutrients adequacy among WCA of eight Latin American countries. Nutrient intakes from 3704 WCA were analyzed with two 24-hour dietary recalls. Dietary diversity was calculated based on ten food groups with a cut-off point of intake ≥5 groups. The mean dietary diversity score was 4.72 points, and 57.7% of WCA achieved MDD-W. Vitamin D and E showed a mean Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) of 0.03 and 0.38, respectively. WCA with a diverse diet (MDD-W > 5) reported a significantly higher intake of most micronutrients and healthy food groups with less consumption of red and processed meats and sugar-sweetened beverages. MDD-W was significantly associated with the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of 18 micronutrients evaluated. Nevertheless, even those women with a diverse diet fell short of meeting the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) for vitamins D and E. MDD-W is an appropriate tool to evaluate micronutrients adequacy in WCA from Latin America, showing that women who achieved the MDD-W reported higher adequacy ratios for most micronutrients and an overall healthier diet.

scholarly journals Intraindividual Double Burden of Malnutrition in Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 6–17 Years: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2015

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3097
Author(s):  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Hongru Jiang ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Jiguo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

Studies on the intraindividual double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among Chinese children and adolescents were lacking. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of intraindividual DBM defined as the coexistence of overweight/obesity and dietary micronutrient intake insufficiency and investigate dietary micronutrient intake in Chinese children and adolescents. Using data from the 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 1555 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years were selected as the subjects. We referred to China Food Composition to calculate the intakes of 11 selected dietary micronutrients from diet data collected by consecutive three days of 24 h recalls combined with household weighing of seasonings. We used the Chinese estimated average requirement (EARs) as a cutoff to define the dietary micronutrients deficiency, and applied the body-mass-index-for-age Z-scores (BAZ) of World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standards to define the category of body weight. Among the subjects in present study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15.43% and 11.06%, respectively, and 26.24% of the subjects had undergone intraindividual DBM. The results suggest that the prevalence of intraindividual DBM and dietary micronutrients deficiency in Chinese children and adolescents is high.

scholarly journals Growth and Weight Status in Chinese Children and Their Association with Family Environments

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Xu Tian ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The growth status and weight status of Chinese children have experienced remarkable changes in the past decades. Using China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data, this paper examines the secular trends and disparity of the growth status and weight status in Chinese children and further investigates the impact of various family environments on children’s growth from 1991 to 2011. We found an increasing trend in standardized growth indicators (height, weight, and BMI), overweight, and obesity from 1991 to 2011. We also observed an increasing disparity in overweight and obesity over time. Family environments had a significant impact on children’s growth status and weight status. In particular, children that live in families with a small size, higher family income, better sanitary conditions, and with well-educated parents or overweight parents tended to be taller and heavier and have a higher BMI, lower risk of being underweight, and higher risk of exhibiting overweight and obesity. Further decomposition analysis showed that more than 70% of the disparity in standardized height, weight, and overweight and around 50% of the disparity in standardized BMI, underweight, and obesity could be attributed to heterogeneity in family environments. Moreover, the disparity associated with family environments tended to increase over time.

scholarly journals Food variety and dietary diversity scores in children: are they good indicators of dietary adequacy?

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
NP Steyn ◽  
JH Nel ◽  
G Nantel ◽  
G Kennedy ◽  
D Labadarios
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Food Variety ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether a food variety score (FVS) and/or a dietary diversity score (DDS) are good indicators of nutrient adequacy of the diet of South African children.MethodsSecondary data analyses were undertaken with nationally representative data of 1–8-year-old children (n = 2200) studied in the National Food Consumption Study in 1999. An average FVS (mean number of different food items consumed from all possible items eaten) and DDS (mean number of food groups out of nine possible groups) were calculated. A nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) is the ratio of a subject's nutrient intake to the estimated average requirement calculated using the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (2002) recommended nutrient intakes for children. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was calculated as the sum of NARs for all evaluated nutrients divided by the number of nutrients evaluated, expressed as a percentage. MAR was used as a composite indicator for micronutrient adequacy. Pearson correlation coefficients between FVS, DDS and MAR were calculated and also evaluated for sensitivity and specificity, with MAR taken as the ideal standard of adequate intake. The relationships between MAR and DDS and between anthropometric Z-scores and DDS were also evaluated.ResultsThe children had a mean FVS of 5.5 (standard deviation (SD) 2.5) and a mean DDS of 3.6 (SD 1.4). The mean MAR (ideal = 100%) was 50%, and was lowest (45%) in the 7–8-year-old group. The items with the highest frequency of consumption were from the cereal, roots and tuber group (99.6%), followed by the ‘other group’ (87.6%) comprising items such as tea, sugar, jam and sweets. The dairy group was consumed by 55.8%, meat group by 54.1%, fats by 38.9%, other vegetables by 30.8%, vitamin-A-rich by 23.8%, other fruit by 22%, legumes and nuts by 19.7% and eggs by 13.3%. There was a high correlation between MAR and both FVS (r = 0.726; P < 0.0001) and DDS (r = 0.657; P < 0.0001), indicating that either FVS or DDS can be used as an indicator of the micronutrient adequacy of the diet. Furthermore, MAR, DDS and FVS showed significant correlations with height-for-age and weight-for-age Z-scores, indicating a strong relationship between dietary diversity and indicators of child growth. A DDS of 4 and an FVS of 6 were shown to be the best indicators of MAR less than 50%, since they provided the best sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionEither FVS or DDS can be used as a simple and quick indicator of the micronutrient adequacy of the diet.

scholarly journals Association between Dietary Diversity Score and Nutrient Adequacy in Patients with Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Azimi ◽  
Shahryar Eghtesadi ◽  
Behnood Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Dietary Diversity Score ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Adequacy Ratio

Background: Nephrolithiasis is a global health problem that is growing exponentially in the developed and developing countries. This study aimed to determine the dietary diversity score (DDS) and its association with nutrient adequacy in patients with calcium oxalate kidney stone. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 276 male patients with calcium oxalate kidney stone. The validity and reliability of dietary intake was assessed by the 147-item food frequency questionnaire. Based on the USDA Food Guide Pyramid, the five food groups (grains, vegetables, fruits, meats, and dairy products) were used to determine the DDS. The nutrient adequacy ratio and the mean adequacy ratio were calculated using the Recommended International Standards. Results: The mean of the body mass index of the participants was 27.49 ± 4.01 kg/m2. Mean of the total DDS was also 5.62 ± 1.29. Participants in the highest DDS tertile had higher energy and fat intake than those in the lowest tertile (P-trend < 0.05). The highest and lowest DDS were observed in the fruit and vegetable groups: 1.58 ± 0.53 and 0.91 ± 0.29, respectively. The total DDS had a positive correlation with the adequacy of energy intake and macronutrients including protein and fats (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between the total DDS and the mean adequacy ratio (P < 0.01, r = 0.2). Conclusion: The findings showed that patients with calcium oxalate kidney stone did not have an appropriate level of total DDS (DDS < 6), indicating that they did not receive diverse nutrients.

scholarly journals Diet quality among Iranian adolescents needs improvement

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Fahime Akbari ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Mean Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Systematic Cluster

AbstractObjectiveDiet in adolescence is important not only because of adolescents’ rapid growth but also due to its influence on future chronic diseases. On the other hand, dietary quality indices are noteworthy and useful approaches to evaluate dietary intakes. Thus the present study was conducted to assess dietary quality indices in adolescents.DesignCross-sectional.SettingsThe data were collected from schools in Isfahan, Iran.SubjectsFemale students (n 265) aged 11–13 years were enrolled using systematic cluster-random sampling in Isfahan (Iran). Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated FFQ. Diet quality indices including dietary diversity score (DDS), the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) across ten nutrients were calculated.ResultsMean DDS, HEI score and MAR were 6·15 (sd 1·61) out of 10 points, 63·90 (sd 19·86) out of 100 points and 1·32 (sd 0·61), respectively. Mean nutrient adequacy ratio of all nutrients was above 1 except for vitamin D (0·53 (sd 0·51)). Those in the highest tertile of DDS had the most favourable anthropometric variables in comparison to the lowest tertile. There were no significant associations between HEI score and BMI, central or abdominal obesity and blood pressure. Those in the highest tertile of MAR had higher BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference.ConclusionsDiet quality of Isfahani adolescents needs improvement. It may imply the necessity of implementing nutritional instructive policies in this age group and their parents.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of impaired renal function in Chinese children: The China Health and Nutrition Survey

Nephrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peige Song ◽  
Manli Wang ◽  
Xinlei Chang ◽  
Jiawen Wang ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Impaired Renal Function ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition

scholarly journals Estimating usual intakes mainly affects the micronutrient distribution among infants, toddlers and pre-schoolers from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Piernas ◽  
Donna R Miles ◽  
Denise M Deming ◽  
Kathleen C Reidy ◽  
Barry M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
National Health ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Usual Intake

AbstractObjectiveTo compare estimates from one day with usual intake estimates to evaluate how the adjustment for within-person variability affected nutrient intake and adequacy in Mexican children.DesignIn order to obtain usual nutrient intakes, the National Cancer Institute’s method was used to correct the first 24 h dietary recall collected in the entire sample (n 2045) with a second 24 h recall collected in a sub-sample (n 178). We computed estimates of one-day and usual intakes of total energy, fat, Fe, Zn and Na.Setting2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey.SubjectsA total of 2045 children were included: 0–5·9 months old (n 182), 6–11·9 months old (n 228), 12–23·9 months old (n 537) and 24–47·9 months old (n 1098). From these, 178 provided an additional dietary recall.ResultsAlthough we found small or no differences in energy intake (kJ/d and kcal/d) between one-day v. usual intake means, the prevalence of inadequate and excessive energy intake decreased somewhat when using measures of usual intake relative to one day. Mean fat intake (g/d) was not different between one-day and usual intake among children >6 months old, but the prevalence of inadequate and excessive fat intake was overestimated among toddlers and pre-schoolers when using one-day intake (P<0·05). Compared with usual intake, estimates from one day yielded overestimated prevalences of inadequate micronutrient intakes but underestimated prevalences of excessive intakes among children aged >6 months.ConclusionsThere was overall low variability in energy and fat intakes but higher for micronutrients. Because the usual intake distributions are narrower, the prevalence of inadequate/excessive intakes may be biased when estimating nutrient adequacy if one day of data is used.

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