scholarly journals Diet quality among Iranian adolescents needs improvement

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Fahime Akbari ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Mean Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Systematic Cluster

AbstractObjectiveDiet in adolescence is important not only because of adolescents’ rapid growth but also due to its influence on future chronic diseases. On the other hand, dietary quality indices are noteworthy and useful approaches to evaluate dietary intakes. Thus the present study was conducted to assess dietary quality indices in adolescents.DesignCross-sectional.SettingsThe data were collected from schools in Isfahan, Iran.SubjectsFemale students (n 265) aged 11–13 years were enrolled using systematic cluster-random sampling in Isfahan (Iran). Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated FFQ. Diet quality indices including dietary diversity score (DDS), the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) across ten nutrients were calculated.ResultsMean DDS, HEI score and MAR were 6·15 (sd 1·61) out of 10 points, 63·90 (sd 19·86) out of 100 points and 1·32 (sd 0·61), respectively. Mean nutrient adequacy ratio of all nutrients was above 1 except for vitamin D (0·53 (sd 0·51)). Those in the highest tertile of DDS had the most favourable anthropometric variables in comparison to the lowest tertile. There were no significant associations between HEI score and BMI, central or abdominal obesity and blood pressure. Those in the highest tertile of MAR had higher BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference.ConclusionsDiet quality of Isfahani adolescents needs improvement. It may imply the necessity of implementing nutritional instructive policies in this age group and their parents.

scholarly journals A comparison of diet quality indices in a nationally representative cross-sectional study of Iranian households

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ebrahimi ◽  
Sarah A. McNaughton ◽  
Rebecca M. Leech ◽  
Morteza Abdollahi ◽  
Anahita Houshiarrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Household Heads

Abstract Background Iranian diet quality has been evaluated using indices that have not been created based on Iranian dietary guidelines. This study aimed to examine the applicability of two diet quality indices by examining their associations with nutrient adequacy, nutrient intakes and sociodemographics. Methods Dietary data were collected using three 24-h dietary recalls from Iranian households. Nutrient adequacy was assessed using World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization 2002 (WHO/FAO) cut points. Household diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Sociodemographics of the household members were assessed. Regression analyses were used to examine associations between diet quality and nutrient adequacy, and between sociodemographics and diet quality. Results A total of 6935 households were included in the analysis. Higher household diet quality was associated with adequate intake of calcium (HEI: OR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.13; DQI-I: OR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.16), vitamin C (HEI: OR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.20; DQI-I: OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.12) and protein (HEI: OR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.02; DQI-I: OR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.09). Higher household diet quality was associated with household heads who were older (> 56 years old) (HEI: β 2.06, 95% CI: 1.63, 2.50; DQI-I β 2.90, 95% CI: 2.34, 3.45), higher educated (college/university completed) (HEI: β 4.54, 95% CI: 4.02, 5.06; DQI-I: β 2.11, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.77) and living in urban areas (HEI: β 2.85, 95% CI: 2.54, 3.16; DQI-I: β 0.72, 95% CI: 0.32, 1.12). Conclusions Based on associations with nutrient adequacy and sociodemographics, the applicability of two diet quality indices for assessing the diet quality of Iranian households was demonstrated. Results also indicated DQI-I may be more applicable than HEI for evaluating Iranian nutrient adequacy. Findings have implications for the design and assessment of diet quality in Iranian populations. Future research should examine the link between these diet quality indices and health outcomes.

scholarly journals Association of adherence to the dietary approach to stop hypertension diet and diet quality indices among women in Tehran: A cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Hana Arghavani ◽  
Elnaz Daneshzad ◽  
Nazli Namazi ◽  
Bagher Larijani ◽  
Mohammadreza Askari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dash Diet

Background: Examining dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet based on other dietary quality indices can be helpful to clarify positive aspects of this healthy dietary pattern. We aimed to examine the association between the DASH diet score and some diet quality indices among Iranian women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 304 women aged 20 to 50 years old were recruited. Dietary diversity score (DDS), dietary energy density (DED), adherence to DASH diet, AlternativeHealthy Eating Index (AHEI) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were examined as suggested by previous articles. Dietary quality indices, anthropometric indices, and dietary intake were categorized based on DASH tertiles. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire with 168items was used for dietary assessment. Results: There were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics of participants across DASH tertiles (P>0.05). Participants who adhered more to the DASH diet had lower DEDthan those with lower adherence (0.99±0.35 vs 1.26±0.30; P=0.01). Significant differences were observed in the index of DDS across tertiles (P=0.01), however no differences in nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and MAR (0.93) index across the DASH categories were found.Additionally, DDS to DED in the top tertile of the DASH diet was greater than the bottom one(6.7±2.9 vs 4.4±1.9; P=0.001). Conclusion: The present study indicated that greater adherence to the DASH diet is inversely associated with DED and AHEI. As well as, there was a positive association between the DASHdiet and DDS/DED ratio. However, more studies are needed to confirm the results of this study.

scholarly journals Association of Yogurt Consumption with Nutrient Intakes, Nutrient Adequacy, and Diet Quality in American Children and Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3435
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Cifelli ◽  
Sanjiv Agarwal ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
American Children

The popularity of yogurt has increased among consumers due to its perceived health benefits. This study examined the cross-sectional association between yogurt consumption and nutrient intake/adequacy, dietary quality, and body weight in children and adults. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2016 data (n = 65,799) were used and yogurt consumers were defined as those having any amount of yogurt during in-person 24-h diet recall. Usual intakes of nutrients were determined using the National Cancer Institute method and diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores after adjusting data for demographic and lifestyle factors. The data show that approximately 6.4% children and 5.5% adults consume yogurt, with a mean intake of yogurt of 150 ± 3 and 182 ± 3 g/d, respectively. Yogurt consumers had higher diet quality (10.3% and 15.2% higher HEI-2015 scores for children and adults, respectively); higher intakes of fiber, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and vitamin D; and higher percent of the population meeting recommended intakes for calcium, magnesium, and potassium than non-consumers. Consumption of yogurt was also associated with lower body weight, body mass index (BMI), and 23% showed a lower risk of being overweight/obese among adults only. In conclusion, yogurt consumption was associated with higher nutrient intake, nutrient adequacy, and diet quality in both children and adults.

scholarly journals Nutritional quality and carbon footprint of university students’ diets: Results from the EHU12/24 study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Nerea Telleria-Aramburu ◽  
Nerea Bermúdez-Marín ◽  
Ana María Rocandio ◽  
Saioa Telletxea ◽  
Nekane Basabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Public University ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Healthy Diets

Abstract Objective: To evaluate diets in terms of nutritional characteristics and quality from the perspectives of health, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) and possible associations with each other in a representative sample of students at a public university. Design: Cross-sectional. Dietary intake was evaluated with a validated food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality was assessed through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) and MedDietScore (MDS). GHGE data were obtained from the literature. In addition, sex, socioeconomic status (SES) and body fat (BF) status were analysed as covariates. Setting: Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. Participants: 26,165 healthy adults aged 18-28 years. Results: Student diets were characterised by low consumption of carbohydrates (38·72% of total energy intake (TEI)) and a high intake of lipids (39·08% of TEI). Over half of the participants had low dietary quality. The low-emitting diets were more likely to be consumed by subjects with low HEI-2010 scores (β: 0·039 kg eCO2/1000 kcal per day) and high MDS scores (β: −0·023 kg eCO2/1000 kcal per day), after controlling for sex, SES and BF status. Both the low-emitting and healthy diets were more likely to be consumed by women and by those with normal BF percentage. Conclusions: UPV/EHU university students’ diets were characterised by moderate quality from a nutritional perspective and moderate variation in the size of carbon footprints. In this population, diets of the highest quality were not always those with the lowest diet-related GHGEs; this relationship depended in part on the constructs and scoring criteria of diet quality indices used.

A systematic review of diet quality indices in relation to obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 1055-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golaleh Asghari ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Emad Yuzbashian ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Dietary Indices

AbstractTools, called ‘diet/dietary quality indices’, evaluate the level of adherence to a specified pattern or a set of recommendations in populations. Yet, there are no review studies providing unanimous comprehensive results of dietary indices on obesity. We reviewed observational studies, focusing on the association of diet quality indices with general obesity or abdominal obesity in adults. We systematically conducted a search in all English language publications available on MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science and Embase between January 1990 and January 2016. Among the wide variety of indices and weight-derived variables, studies with dietary-guideline-based indices and mean changes for weight gain or OR for general obesity and abdominal obesity were selected. From a total of 479 articles, thirty-four studies were selected for the current review, ten of which had prospective designs and twenty-six had cross-sectional designs. Associations of weight status with the original Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and other versions of the HEI including alternative HEI, HEI-2005 and HEI-05 were examined in thirteen studies, with ten studies revealing significant associations. The HEI was a better general obesity predictor in men than in women. Diet scores lacked efficacy in assessing overall diet quality and demonstrated no significant findings in developing countries, in comparison with US populations. In addition, indices based on dietary diversity scores were directly associated with weight gain. Despite the insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions about the relation between dietary indices and obesity, HEI was found to be inversely associated with obesity and diversity-based indices were positively associated with obesity.

scholarly journals Diet quality in relation to the risk of hypertension among Iranian adults: cross-sectional analysis of Fasa PERSIAN cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Motamedi ◽  
Maryam Ekramzadeh ◽  
Ehsan Bahramali ◽  
Mojtaba Farjam ◽  
Reza Homayounfar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension

Abstract Background Hypertension is a common chronic disease with various complications and is a main contributing factor to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to assess the association of diet quality, assessed by dietary diversity score (DDS), Mediterranean dietary score (MDS), diet quality index-international (DQI-I), and healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) with the risk of hypertension. Methods This study recruited a total of 10,111 individuals (45.14% male) with mean age of 48.63 ± 9.57 years from the Fasa Cohort Study, Iran. Indices of diet quality, including MDS, HEI-2015, DQI-I, and DDS were computed by a 125-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. Participants were diagnosed as hypertensive if they had a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg,, or used antihypertensive drugs. Results Hypertension was prevalent in 28.3% of the population (21.59% in males and 33.74% in females). In the whole population, after adjustment for potential covariates, including daily energy intake, age, gender, physical activity, smoking, family history of hypertension, body mass index, and the level of education, higher adherence to the MDS (OR: 0.86, 95%CI = 0.75–0.99) and HEI-2015 (OR: 0.79, 95%CI = 0.68–0.90) was significantly associated with decreased risk of hypertension. The protective effect of HEI-2015 against hypertension remained significant for both males (OR: 0.80, 95%CI = 0.64–0.99) and females (OR: 0.78, 95%CI = 0.66–0.94), while, for MDS, this relationship disappeared in the subgroup analysis by gender. DQI-I and DDS were not related to the odds of hypertension. Conclusions Adhering to MDS and HEI-2015 diets could contribute to the prevention of hypertension.

scholarly journals “I feel like eating rice 24 hours per day, 7 days a week”: A Study of Dietary Diversity Among Asylum Seekers in Norway (OR21-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun Henjum ◽  
Laura Terragni
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Adequate Food

Abstract Objectives Poor nutrition and food insecurity is highly prevalent among asylum seekers residing in western countries. Lack of economic resources, unfamiliarity with new foods, and language barriers are some challenges that asylum seekers encounter upon resettlement. Despite the importance of an adequate diet for good health, limited knowledge, exist on food intake and dietary quality among asylum seekers. We described dietary intake and assessed dietary quality among asylum seekers at Norwegian reception centers. Methods In 2017, a cross-sectional study in eight ordinary asylum reception centers in the South Eastern part of Norway were performed and 205 asylum seekers (131 men and 74 women) were included. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-hour dietary recall and dietary diversity score (DDS) calculated according to FAO and FANTA, 2014. In addition, field notes of the asylum seekers thoughts on dietary intake and living condition provided contextual aspects of their nutritional situation. Results Two-third of the asylum seekers had dietary intakes with low quality; they ate from less than five food groups (low DDS). The asylum seekers ate in average two meals per day and one-third ate their first meal after noon. Meals tend to consist of food that was familiar in their country of origin. Women had significantly higher DDS than men with a higher consumption of vegetables and fruits. Asylum seekers residing in Norway for a longer time had a higher dietary diversity, than asylum seekers with a shorter stay. Most asylum seekers told about a reduced dietary intake, few meals and by the end of the month, hunger. They chose the cheapest food, food on sale or food that had expired and chose quantity over quality. The kitchen facilities at the reception centers were inadequate with limited storage place, low quality of the cooking equipment and crowded kitchen. Conclusions The asylum seekers had a monotonous diet with few meals, in contrast to the food abundance that most Norwegian are accustomed to, revealing, the emergence of new groups and new forms of poverty and social exclusion also in rich countries with otherwise good welfare state systems. The situation appear particularly critical given Norway's commitment through the United Nations (UN) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to ensure human rights such as the right to adequate food and health. Funding Sources The study was funded by Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway.

scholarly journals Dietary Quality of Women of Reproductive Age in Low-Income Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kyrgyzstan

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Aiperi Otunchieva ◽  
Jamila Smanalieva ◽  
Angelika Ploeger
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy

Dietary diversity and adequate nutrient intake are essential for conducting a healthy life. However, women in low-income settings often face difficulties in ensuring dietary quality. This research assessed relationships between the dietary diversity, nutrient adequacy, and socio-economic factors among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Kyrgyzstan. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in four locations, including two rural and two urban areas in the north and south of Kyrgyzstan. A survey with pre-coded and open-ended questions was employed during the interviews of 423 WRAs aged 18–49. Data collection was conducted in March–May 2021. The average value body mass index (BMI) of WRA was 24.2 ± 4.6 kg/m2. The dietary diversity score (DDS) was higher among rural women (common language effect size) cles = 0.67, adjusted p < 0.001) in the northern region (cles = 0.61, p < 0.05) who have cropland (cles = 0.60, p < 0.001) and a farm animal (cles = 0.60, p < 0.05). Mean nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) was below 1 in most micronutrients, whereas thiamine, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and C, folic acid, calcium, and magnesium were even lower than 0.5. Women with a kitchen garden or a cropland had better NAR energy (cles = 0.57), NAR carbohydrate (cles = 0.60), NAR fiber (cles = 0.60), NAR vitamin B1 (cles = 0.53), and NAR folic acid (cles = 0.54). Respondents who receive remittances and a farm animal have better NARs for energy, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamin B1, folic acid, iron, zinc, and mean adequacy ratio for 16 nutrients (MAR 16) than those who do not. Education and income have a negative correlation with dietary quality. This study contributes to the limited literature on the quality of diets in Kyrgyzstan. Hidden hunger and undernutrition are a severe problem among WRA in low-income settings. Recommendations are including study programs in nutrition, teaching households farming practices, and raising awareness on adequate nutrition.

scholarly journals Diet quality, assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2010, and exercise associated factors of obesity: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Ismael San Mauro Martin ◽  
Elena Garicano Vilar ◽  
Paula Mendive Dubourdieu ◽  
Victor Paredes Barato ◽  
Cristina Garagarza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Certain weight management methods may be associated with unhealthy dietary intakes, skewing toward certain dietary components and lacking others. Management of weight should not ignore the quality of the diet, as both obesity and poor diet are associated with higher risk of chronic disease. Objective: To conduct a diet quality and exercise scan and observe their repercussion on BMI, in adults from Spain, Portugal, Uruguay and Mexico. Material and methods:An observational retrospective cohort study was designed, with 1181 adults aged 18-65 years. HEI-2010 score was used to assess diet quality. Data on type, days a week and hours/day of exercise, and participant’s anthropometric measures were collected.Results: The mean HEI-2010 score was 65.21. There were no statistically significant differences between HEI-2010 score and BMI [p=0.706], BMI and days of exercise per week [p=0.151], BMI and hours/day of exercise [p=0.590] and BMI and being active [>3 days/week] [p=0.106]. On the contrary, overall exercise influenced BMI significantly [p<0.001]. Conclusions: Dietary patterns may help to prevent weight gain and fight overweight and obesity. This study, however, did not observe associations between the quality of the diet nor specifics of exercise with lower BMIs. The quality of the diet of adults in Spain, Portugal, Uruguay and Mexico fell short of recommendations.

Dietary quality differs among cannabis use groups: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–16

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Amy R Gelfand ◽  
Christy C Tangney
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Adult Participants

Abstract Objective: To describe diet quality (Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) and Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015)) according to self-reported cannabis use among the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) adult participants. Design: Utilizing cross-sectional data, we assessed diet quality with up to two 24-h diet recalls from NHANES participants. Usual intakes were estimated via the multivariate Markov Chain–Monte Carlo method. Diet quality scores were compared among never users, previous users and current users of cannabis. Setting: NHANES surveys from 2005 to 2016. Participants: Adult NHANES participants (17 855) aged 20–59 years with valid data for dietary recalls and drug use questionnaires. Results: Current adult cannabis users (ages 20–59 years) had significantly lower total diet quality (HEI-2010) scores (51·8 ± 0·7) compared with previous (56·2 ± 0·4) and never users (57·7 ± 0·4). Similar differences in total and individual HEI-2015 scores were observed. For the HEI-2015 scores, cannabis users had a significantly higher (better) sodium scores (4·1 ± 0·2) compared with never users (3·3 ± 0·1) and previous users (3·2 ± 0·1). Cannabis users scored lower compared with never users on total vegetables (3·1 ± 0·1 v. 3·7 ± 0·0), total fruit (2·1 ± 0·1 v. 3·0 ± 0·1) and whole fruit (2·2 ± 0·1 v. 3·3 ± 0·1) for the HEI-2015 index. Conclusions: Current cannabis users’ usual intakes reflect lower diet quality compared with never or previous users, particularly lower subcomponent scores of total vegetables, greens and beans, total fruit and whole fruit. Cannabis users should increase their intake of fruit and vegetables to improve overall diet quality.

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