systematic cluster
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betul BATTALOĞLU İNANÇ

Abstract Purpose: Violence within the family is a common problem that can be seen in almost most socio-economic groups, societies, all ages and all educational levels. This study was planned to investigate the behavior and attitudes and marital satisfaction levels of the spouses in the family life process.Methods: All citizens 18 years and older that are living in households in the Republic of Turkey have been included. Considering the existing population records, a stratified two-stage systematic cluster sampling method was applied. . Comparisons by the sex, educational level, and marital status satisfied were performed with the use of chi-square and multivariate regression analysis, correlation analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Result: Violent behaviors such as doing harm, breaking and hitting things were more intense in men. Aply physical violence was more common among males. Only maintaining silence, getting angry or sulking was statistically significant in women (p <0.000). Yelling, scolding, humiliating, separating the bedroom and decreasing spending money was statistically significant in males (p <0.000).Conclusion: All concepts related to marriage should be well defined because spouse satisfaction and conflicts can have different meanings. It suggests that raising awareness about domestic violence against women, knowing solution methods, informing about their rights and increasing social support may be beneficial in solving the problem.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betul BATTALOĞLU İNANÇ

Abstract Purpose: Violence within the family is a common problem that can be seen in almost most socio-economic groups, societies, all ages and all educational levels. This study was planned to investigate the behavior and attitudes and marital satisfaction levels of the spouses in the family life process.Methods: All citizens 18 years and older that are living in households in the Republic of Turkey have been included. Considering the existing population records, a stratified two-stage systematic cluster sampling method was applied. . Comparisons by the sex, educational level, and marital status satisfied were performed with the use of chi-square and multivariate regression analysis, correlation analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Result: Violent behaviors such as doing harm, breaking and hitting things were more intense in men. Physical violence was more common among males. Only maintaining silence, getting angry or sulking was statistically significant in women (p <0.000). Yelling, scolding, humiliating, separating the bedroom and decreasing spending money was statistically significant in males (p <0.000).Conclusion: All concepts related to marriage should be well defined because spouse satisfaction and conflicts can have different meanings. It suggests that raising awareness about domestic violence against women, knowing solution methods, informing about their rights and increasing social support may be beneficial in solving the problem.


PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12453
Author(s):  
Locksley L. McV. Messam ◽  
Hsin-Yi Weng ◽  
Nicole W. Y. Rosenberger ◽  
Zhi Hao Tan ◽  
Stephanie D. M. Payet ◽  
...  

Background Despite much discussion in the epidemiologic literature surrounding the use of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) for inferences, the reporting practices of veterinary researchers have not been examined. We conducted a survey of articles published in Preventive Veterinary Medicine, a leading veterinary epidemiology journal, aimed at (a) estimating the frequency of reporting p values, confidence intervals and statistical significance between 1997 and 2017, (b) determining whether this varies by article section and (c) determining whether this varies over time. Methods We used systematic cluster sampling to select 985 original research articles from issues published in March, June, September and December of each year of the study period. Using the survey data analysis menu in Stata, we estimated overall and yearly proportions of article sections (abstracts, results-texts, results-tables and discussions) reporting p values, confidence intervals and statistical significance. Additionally, we estimated the proportion of p values less than 0.05 reported in each section, the proportion of article sections in which p values were reported as inequalities, and the proportion of article sections in which confidence intervals were interpreted as if they were significance tests. Finally, we used Generalised Estimating Equations to estimate prevalence odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, comparing the occurrence of each of the above-mentioned reporting elements in one article section relative to another. Results Over the 20-year period, for every 100 published manuscripts, 31 abstracts (95% CI [28–35]), 65 results-texts (95% CI [61–68]), 23 sets of results-tables (95% CI [20–27]) and 59 discussion sections (95% CI [56–63]) reported statistical significance at least once. Only in the case of results-tables, were the numbers reporting p values (48; 95% CI [44–51]), and confidence intervals (44; 95% CI [41–48]) higher than those reporting statistical significance. We also found that a substantial proportion of p values were reported as inequalities and most were less than 0.05. The odds of a p value being less than 0.05 (OR = 4.5; 95% CI [2.3–9.0]) or being reported as an inequality (OR = 3.2; 95% CI [1.3–7.6]) was higher in the abstracts than in the results-texts. Additionally, when confidence intervals were interpreted, on most occasions they were used as surrogates for significance tests. Overall, no time trends in reporting were observed for any of the three reporting elements over the study period. Conclusions Despite the availability of superior approaches to statistical inference and abundant criticism of its use in the epidemiologic literature, NHST is substantially the most common means of inference in articles published in Preventive Veterinary Medicine. This pattern has not changed substantially between 1997 and 2017.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingkai Zhou ◽  
Bingjie Sun ◽  
Wentao Wu

By using the OLS model, an equation for the rate of decomposing wood by a variety of fungi was established. We analyzed the effects of various fungi in the experimental data under different temperature and humidity. Based on the growth performance of different fungi at different temperatures and humidity, we use the method of systematic cluster to divide the fungi into 5 categories, and introduce competition levels as the viability of different species of fungi. We have established a logistic model that introduces competition levels to obtain a fungal habitat model. The fungal habitat model includes predictions about the relative advantages and disadvantages for each species and combinations of species likely to persist, and do so for different environments including arid, semi-arid, temperate, arboreal, and tropical rain forests.


Author(s):  
Peter L. Rodríguez-Kessler ◽  
Adán R. Rodríguez-Domínguez ◽  
Alvaro Muñoz-Castro

The systematic cluster growth (SCG) method is a biased structure search strategy based on a seeding process for investigating the structural evolution and growth pattern of transition metal clusters.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wu ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Zhifeng Zhong ◽  
Jiaxin Xie ◽  
Simin Zhou ◽  
...  

Abstract Aims: To compare the differences in acute mountain sickness (AMS) incidence between two AMS diagnostic scoring criteria, including the Lake Louise Score and the Chinese AMS Score. Methods: A total of 2486 young men completed questionnaires after flying from Chendu (500 m) to Lasha (3658 m). The AMS incidence was investigated using a questionnaire that contained the scoring criteria for the LLS and CAS. To determine the grouping of all the symptoms on the AMS questionnaire, a systematic cluster analysis and two-step cluster analysis were used to analyse various symptoms and cases separately.Results: The AMS incidence was 37.5% (n = 932) according to the LLS, in which the cut-off point depended on headache and a total score ≥ 3, and 59.3% (n = 1473) according to the CAS, in which the cut-off point depended on headache, vomiting or a total score ≥ 5. The LLS and CAS outcomes had a significant positive correlation (Spearman’s rho = 0.918, P < 0.05) and were moderately consistent (kappa value = 0.488, P < 0.001). The positive AMS incidence determined by the CAS was significantly higher than that by the LLS (P < 0.001). Compared with the LLS, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity was 65.23%, the positive predictive value was 63.34%, and the negative predictive value was 100% for the CAS in the diagnosis of AMS. The CAS identified all AMS subjects diagnosed by the LLS, and an additional 541 subjects. Of all the symptoms investigated, the dominant symptoms were fatigue (59.3%), dizziness (55.0%), headache (50.6%), chest tightness (40.4%), and shortness of breath (37.2%), and the last two symptoms were not included in the LLS. The cluster analysis show that chest distress, shortness of breath and palpitations were relatively independent of the major symptoms assessed by the LLS. Conclusion: The CAS had testing characteristics for diagnosing AMS similar to those of the Lake Louise Questionnaire Score, and the CAS diagnosed a higher prevalence of AMS than the LLS. It is suggested that chest distress and shortness of breath should be paid adequate attention and taken into account in AMS diagnostic criteria in the next revision to better diagnosis and study AMS.


Author(s):  
I. I. Nazarenko

The problems of preparation of specialists and determination of ways of ensuring correspondence of the content and methods of obtaining education to the needs and challenges of development of the Ukrainian economy are considered. Based on a thorough and systematic analysis of existing education systems, their advantages and disadvantages are identified. A block diagram of a unified educational institution with a single end-to-end training program is offered to obtain a world-class professional qualification. Implementing such a system will open up new opportunities for improving the effectiveness of education through. Creating a systematic (cluster) approach to learning using structurally — logical schemes of course formation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (26) ◽  
pp. 14694-14703
Author(s):  
Hong-Tao Xue ◽  
Xu-Dong Yu ◽  
Jolyon Aarons ◽  
Fu-Ling Tang ◽  
Xue-Feng Lu ◽  
...  

Systematic cluster expansion Monte Carlo simulations of CuIn1−xAlxSe2 alloys probe the origin and evolution of In–Al segregation behavior comprehensively.


Author(s):  
David Hankin ◽  
Michael S. Mohr ◽  
Kenneth B. Newman

We present a rigorous but understandable introduction to the field of sampling theory for ecologists and natural resource scientists. Sampling theory concerns itself with development of procedures for random selection of a subset of units, a sample, from a larger finite population, and with how to best use sample data to make scientifically and statistically sound inferences about the population as a whole. The inferences fall into two broad categories: (a) estimation of simple descriptive population parameters, such as means, totals, or proportions, for variables of interest, and (b) estimation of uncertainty associated with estimated parameter values. Although the targets of estimation are few and simple, estimates of means, totals, or proportions see important and often controversial uses in management of natural resources and in fundamental ecological research, but few ecologists or natural resource scientists have formal training in sampling theory. We emphasize the classical design-based approach to sampling in which variable values associated with units are regarded as fixed and uncertainty of estimation arises via various randomization strategies that may be used to select samples. In addition to covering standard topics such as simple random, systematic, cluster, unequal probability (stressing the generality of Horvitz–Thompson estimation), multi-stage, and multi-phase sampling, we also consider adaptive sampling, spatially balanced sampling, and sampling through time, three areas of special importance for ecologists and natural resource scientists. The text is directed to undergraduate seniors, graduate students, and practicing professionals. Problems emphasize application of the theory and R programming in ecological and natural resource settings.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-194
Author(s):  
Sari Wahyuni ◽  
Kenji Onodera ◽  
Wahyuningsih

In many literature on innovation, it has been proven that the success of innovation is highly influenced by interorganizational collaboration. The purpose of this case is to provide a complete case study on how academic-business-community-government (ABCG) plus bank partnership can be nurtured to create innovation. To develop successful innovation that could provide hallo economy impact, a systematic strategy development is needed with the support of strong partnership between ABCG and banks. This study uses qualitative approach (direct observation) by taking a case study of Technology Advanced Metropolitan Area (TAMA) in Japan who has successfully developed Greater Tokyo Initiative (GTI). Result of this study shows that to develop a successful cluster, there is a need of systematic cluster strategy with the help of ABCG and bank partnership. This strategy should include cultivation of key persons for local industrial vitalization, analysis for new industries, any kind of supports for planning industrial vitalization plan, supports for collaboration with other areas and also overseas marketing. TAMA is a comprehensive example of ABCG collaboration that not only develop regional network so that some projects can run smoothly but also create collaboration with other cluster in Japan and in the world to contribute to global innovations to strengthen their network.


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