Pretreatment Fasting Glucose and Insulin as Determinants of Weight Loss on Diets Varying in Macronutrients and Dietary Fibers—The POUNDS LOST Study

Efforts to identify a preferable diet for weight management based on macronutrient composition have largely failed, but recent evidence suggests that satiety effects of carbohydrates may depend on the individual’s insulin-mediated cellular glucose uptake. Therefore, using data from the POUNDS LOST trial, pre-treatment fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FI), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were studied as prognostic markers of long-term weight loss in four diets differing in carbohydrate, fat, and protein content, while assessing the role of dietary fiber intake. Subjects with FPG <100 mg/dL lost 2.6 (95% CI 0.9;4.4, p = 0.003) kg more on the low-fat/high-protein (n = 132) compared to the low-fat/average-protein diet (n = 136). Subjects with HOMA-IR ≥4 lost 3.6 (95% CI 0.2;7.1, p = 0.038) kg more body weight on the high-fat/high-protein (n = 35) compared to high-fat/average-protein diet (n = 33). Regardless of the randomized diet, subjects with prediabetes and FI below the median lost 5.6 kg (95% CI 0.6;10.6, p = 0.030) more when consuming ≥35 g (n = 15) compared to <35 g dietary fiber/10 MJ (n = 16). Overall, subjects with normal glycemia lost most on the low-fat/high-protein diet, subjects with high HOMA-IR lost most on the high-fat/high protein diet, and subjects with prediabetes and low FI had particular benefit from dietary fiber in the diet.

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Effect of High Fat-Low Protein or Low Fat-High Protein Diet on Lipid Metabolism in Growing Chicks

Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho ◽

10.2508/chikusan.50.138 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 138-141

Author(s):

Keiichi TANAKA ◽

Kazushige KITAHARA ◽

Kakichi SHIGENO

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

High Protein Diet ◽

High Protein ◽

Protein Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Low Protein

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The PROMOTE study (High-protein and resistance-training combination in overweight and obesity) for short-term weight loss and long-term weight maintenance for Chinese people: a protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-019-3954-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shaoyong Xu ◽

Juan Zhang ◽

Yuxiang Dong ◽

Ruikun Chen ◽

Wenlei Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Weight Maintenance ◽

High Protein Diet ◽

Diet Group ◽

High Protein ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Short Term ◽

Low Fat Diet

Abstract Background It is very important for clinicians and dieticians to explore reasonable weight management strategies for obese people that address both short-term weight loss and subsequent weight maintenance. We hypothesized that resistance training combined with a high-protein diet would result in similar short-term weight loss but better long-term weight maintenance than either a conventional low-fat diet control or a high-protein diet alone. Methods/design This is an 8-week randomized parallel controlled trial followed by a 24-week observational follow-up study. A 48-week supplementary follow-up study will be carried out if necessary. The study will be conducted between June 2019 and October 2020. The 90 overweight or obese participants will be randomly assigned to the conventional low-fat diet group, the high-protein diet group and the high-protein diet and resistance training combination group. Primary outcomes are body weight change at week 8 and week 24 compared with the baseline level. Discussion High-quality research on the effect of a high-protein diet combined resistance training on weight loss and weight maintenance is limited in the Chinese population. Our study will provide a basis for obesity management in China and will promote the development of exercise- and diet-related studies. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900023841. Registered on 14 June 2019.

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Biochemical aspects of malabsorption in marasmus: effect of dietary rehabilitation

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19850143 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 567-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. C. Mehta ◽

A. S. Saini ◽

Harjit Singh ◽

P. S. Dhatt

Keyword(s):

Total Energy ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Protein Diet ◽

High Carbohydrate Diet ◽

High Protein ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Duodenal Juice ◽

High Fat ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

High Carbohydrate

1. Sixty marasmic children were investigated for the absorption of xylose, proteins and fats. Their duodenal juice samples were also analysed for bile salts and microflora.2. The marasmic children were then studied in three groups of twenty by allocating them to three different dietary schedules: a high-protein diet (30% of the total energy from protein), a high-fat diet (40% of the total energy from fat) and a high-carbohydrate diet (70% of the total energy from carbohydrate) for 2 weeks and the previous measurements repeated.3. Whereas the high-fat diet resulted in improved fat absorption, along with an increase in total and conjugated bile acids, and the high-carbohydrate diet led to improved xylose absorption, the diet rich in protein resulted in an improvement in the absorption of all three dietary ingredients. It appears that a high-protein diet improves the overall absorption process by improving the intestinal environment as a whole, while high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets bring about adaptive changes related to the respective absorptive processes.

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