scholarly journals The Potential Impact of Probiotics on the Gut Microbiome of Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Wosinska ◽  
Paul D. Cotter ◽  
Orla O’Sullivan ◽  
Caitriona Guinane
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Exercise Induced

There is accumulating evidence that physical fitness influences the gut microbiome and as a result, promotes health. Indeed, exercise-induced alterations in the gut microbiome can influence health parameters crucial to athletic performance, specifically, immune function, lower susceptibility to infection, inflammatory response and tissue repair. Consequently, maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome is essential for an athlete’s health, training and performance. This review explores the effect of exercise on the microbiome while also investigating the effect of probiotics on various potential consequences associated with over-training in athletes, as well as their associated health benefits.

scholarly journals ProbioticBacillus coagulansGBI-30, 6086 reduces exercise-induced muscle damage and increases recovery

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Jäger ◽  
Kevin A. Shields ◽  
Ryan P. Lowery ◽  
Eduardo O. De Souza ◽  
Jeremy M. Partl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Exercise Induced

Objective.Probiotics have been reported to support healthy digestive and immune function, aid in protein absorption, and decrease inflammation. Further, a trend to increase vertical jump power has been observed following co-administration of protein and probiotics in resistance-trained subjects. However, to date the potential beneficial effect of probiotics on recovery from high intensity resistance exercise have yet to be explored. Therefore, this study examined the effect of co-administration of protein and probiotics on muscle damage, recovery and performance following a damaging exercise bout.Design.Twenty nine (n= 29) recreationally-trained males (mean ± SD; 21.5 ± 2.8 years; 89.7 ± 28.2 kg; 177.4 ± 8.0 cm) were assigned to consume either 20 g of casein (PRO) or 20 g of casein plus probiotic (1 billion CFUBacillus coagulansGBI-30, 6086, PROBC) in a crossover, diet-controlled design. After two weeks of supplementation, perceptional measures, athletic performance, and muscle damage were analyzed following a damaging exercise bout.Results.The damaging exercise bout significantly increased muscle soreness, and reduced perceived recovery; however, PROBC significantly increased recovery at 24 and 72 h, and decreased soreness at 72 h post exercise in comparison to PRO. Perceptual measures were confirmed by increases in CK (PRO: +266.8%,p= 0.0002; PROBC: +137.7%,p= 0.01), with PROBC showing a trend towards reduced muscle damage (p= 0.08). The muscle-damaging exercise resulted in significantly increased muscle swelling and Blood Urea Nitrogen levels in both conditions with no difference between groups. The strenuous exercise significantly reduced athletic performance in PRO (Wingate Peak Power; PRO: (−39.8 watts, −5.3%,p= 0.03)), whereas PROBC maintained performance (+10.1 watts, +1.7%).Conclusions.The results provide evidence that probiotic supplementation in combination with protein tended to reduce indices of muscle damage, improves recovery, and maintains physical performance subsequent to damaging exercise.

scholarly journals UCC118 supplementation reduces exercise‐induced gastrointestinal permeability and remodels the gut microbiome in healthy humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Axelrod ◽  
Connery J. Brennan ◽  
Gail Cresci ◽  
Deborah Paul ◽  
Michaela Hull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Gastrointestinal Permeability

scholarly journals Impact of Nutrition-Based Interventions on Athletic Performance during Menstrual Cycle Phases: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6294
Author(s):  
Macy M. Helm ◽  
Graham R. McGinnis ◽  
Arpita Basu
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Exercise Induced

Despite the steady increase in female participation in sport over the last two decades, comprehensive research on interventions attenuating the influence of female menstrual physiology on performance remains scarce. Studies involving eumenorrheic women often only test in one menstrual phase to limit sex hormone variance, which may restrict the application of these findings to the rest of the menstrual cycle. The impacts of nutrition-based interventions on athletic performance throughout the menstrual cycle have not been fully elucidated. We addressed this gap by conducting a focused critical review of clinical studies that reported athletic outcomes as well as menstrual status for healthy eumenorrheic female participants. In total, 1443 articles were identified, and 23 articles were included. These articles were published between 2011 and 2021, and were retrieved from Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed. Our literature search revealed that hydration-, micronutrient-, and phytochemical-based interventions can improve athletic performance (measured by aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, and strength performance) or attenuate exercise-induced damage (measured by dehydration biomarkers, muscle soreness, and bone resorption biomarkers). Most performance trials, however, only assessed these interventions in one menstrual phase, limiting the application throughout the entire menstrual cycle. Improvements in athletic performance through nutrition-based interventions may be contingent upon female sex hormone variation in eumenorrheic women.

Association between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and performance in Thoroughbred racehorses

2005 ◽  
Vol 227 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Hinchcliff ◽  
Melissa A. Jackson ◽  
Paul S. Morley ◽  
James A. Brown ◽  
Anthony F. Dredge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hemorrhage ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Spatial Structure of the Mormon Cricket Gut Microbiome and its Predicted Contribution to Nutrition and Immune Function

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad C. Smith ◽  
Robert B. Srygley ◽  
Frank Healy ◽  
Karthikeyan Swaminath ◽  
Ulrich G. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Mormon Cricket

scholarly journals The Acute Exercise-Induced Inflammatory Response: A Comparison of Young-Adult Smokers and Nonsmokers

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegan E. Kastelein ◽  
Cheyne E. Donges ◽  
Amy E. Mendham ◽  
Rob Duffield
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise-induced changes in immune function: effects of zinc supplementation

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 2298-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Singh ◽  
M. L. Failla ◽  
P. A. Deuster
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Respiratory Burst Activity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

To examine the effect of zinc (Zn) supplementation on exercise-induced changes in immune function, five male runners were randomly assigned in a double-blind crossover design to take a supplement (S; 25 mg of Zn and 1.5 mg of copper) or placebo (P) twice daily for 6 days. On morning 4 of each phase, 1 h after taking S or P, subjects ran on a treadmill at 70–75% of maximal oxygen uptake until exhaustion (approximately 2 h). Blood samples were obtained before (Pre), immediately after (Post), and 1 (Rec1) and 2 (Rec2) days after the run. [3H]thymidine incorporation by mitogen-treated mononuclear cell cultures was significantly lower (P < 0.05) Post than Pre, Rec1, or Rec2 for both S and P. Respiratory burst activity of isolated neutrophils was enhanced after exercise with P but not with S (P: Pre 12.0 +/- 1.1 vs. Post 17.6 +/- 2.3 nmol O2-/10(6) cells; S: Pre 11.7 +/- 0.3 vs. Post 12.1 +/- 1.2 nmol O2-/10(6) cells). Thus supplemental Zn blocked the exercise-induced increase in reactive oxygen species. Whether this antioxidant effect of Zn will benefit individuals exposed to chronic physical stress remains to be determined.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Covid-19 epidemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tanja PAJK ŽONTAR ◽  
Rajko VIDRIH
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Proper nutrition is an essential part of an individual’s defence against numerous diseases including coronavirus disease SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). Nutritional status of individual is affected by several factors such as age, sex, health status, physical activity, life style and medications. Optimal nutrition and dietary nutrient intake impact the immune system, therefore the sustainable way to survive in current context is to strengthen the immune system. Inadequate intake of energy, protein, and specific micronutrients are associated with depressed immune function and increased susceptibility to infection. Predominantly vital for the encouraging of immune function are elements selenium, iron and zinc and vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, B9 (folate) and B12 as well as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, during this time it is important to take care of nutritional habits, following a healthy and balanced nutritional pattern containing a high amount of elements, antioxidants and vitamins. It is also recommended, that individuals should be mindful of physical activity, known to be associated with all-cause mortality. Regular physical activity also improves mental health and overall feelings of wellbeing. Thus, now in the time of epidemic, more than ever, wider access to healthy foods should be a top priority for governments around the world

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