scholarly journals Evidence of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Cord Blood and Maternal-to-Fetal Transport across the Placenta

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Hirschmugl ◽  
Waltraud Brandl ◽  
Bence Csapo ◽  
Mireille van Poppel ◽  
Harald Köfeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Placental Perfusion ◽  
Future Studies

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are present in maternal serum in early gestation, raising the question of whether HMOs can cross the placental barrier and reach fetal circulation. Here, we aimed to detect HMOs in cord blood, and assess HMO composition and concentration in relation to maternal HMOs. In an ex-vivo placental perfusion model, we asked whether HMOs can pass over the placenta. Using HPLC, we measured HMOs in maternal serum and matching venous cord blood samples collected at delivery from normal pregnancies (n = 22). To investigate maternal-to-fetal transport, we perfused isolated placental cotyledons from term pregnancies (n = 3) with 2’-fucosyllactose (2′FL) in a double closed setting. We found up to 18 oligosaccharides typically present in maternal serum in all cord serum samples investigated. Median total cord blood HMO concentration did not differ from the concentration in maternal serum. HMO composition resembled the composition in maternal serum, with the strongest correlations for 2′FL and LDFT. After 180 min perfusion, we found 22% of maternally offered 2′FL in the fetal circuit without reaching equilibrium. Our results provide direct evidence of HMOs in cord blood, and suggest that the placenta transfers HMOs from the maternal to fetal circuit. Future studies will investigate potential differences in the transfer of specific HMOs, or in pregnancy disorders.

scholarly journals Evidence of human milk oligosaccharides in maternal circulation already during pregnancy: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (3) ◽  
pp. E347-E357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Jantscher-Krenn ◽  
Johanna Aigner ◽  
Birgit Reiter ◽  
Harald Köfeler ◽  
Bence Csapo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Maternal Metabolism

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive glycans linked with health benefits to both the breast-fed infant and lactating mother. We hypothesized that HMOs are present before lactation, already during pregnancy, and are influenced by maternal body composition. In a pilot study, we investigated individual and temporal variations in HMO composition and concentration in maternal serum at gestational weeks 10–14 ( visit 1), 20–24 ( visit 2), and 30–35 (visit 3) (V1, V2, and V3, respectively) and associations with maternal body composition. HMOs were quantified by HPLC and confirmed by enzymatic digest and mass spectrometry. Associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness, and adipokines with absolute and relative HMO concentrations were analyzed by Spearman correlation. We identified 16 HMOs and 2 oligosaccharides not common to human milk. HMO concentration and composition varied with gestational age and secretor status. HMO concentration increased with gestational age and changed from a predominantly sialylated profile at V1 to a more balanced fucosylated-to-sialylated ratio at V3, mostly due to a profound increase in 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), reflecting secretor phenotype. In secretor-positive women, BMI was negatively correlated with 2′-FL at V2. SAT at V1 and V2 were strongly negatively correlated with 2′-FL concentrations. This pilot study shows that prenatal HMOs are present in maternal serum, suggesting roles for HMOs already during pregnancy. Our result that maternal body composition is associated with prenatal HMOs might indicate that maternal metabolism modulates HMO composition with unknown implications for maternal and fetal health already during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Direct Evidence for the Presence of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in the Circulation of Breastfed Infants

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e101692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen C. Goehring ◽  
Adam D. Kennedy ◽  
Pedro A. Prieto ◽  
Rachael H. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Breastfed Infants

scholarly journals Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Cord Blood Are Altered in Gestational Diabetes and Stimulate Feto-Placental Angiogenesis In Vitro

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4257
Author(s):  
Denise Hoch ◽  
Waltraud Brandl ◽  
Jasmin Strutz ◽  
Harald C. Köfeler ◽  
Mireille N. M. van Poppel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Placental Angiogenesis

(1) Background: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are present in maternal serum during pregnancy and their composition is altered in gestational diabetes (GDM). HMOs are also in fetal cord blood and in contact with the feto-placental endothelium, potentially affecting its functions, such as angiogenesis. We hypothesized that cord blood HMOs are changed in GDM and contribute to increased feto-placental angiogenesis, hallmark of GDM. (2) Methods: Using HPLC, we quantified HMOs in cord blood of women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 25) or GDM (n = 26). We investigated in vitro angiogenesis using primary feto-placental endothelial cells (fpECs) from term placentas after healthy pregnancy (n = 10), in presence or absence of HMOs (100 µg/mL) isolated from human milk, 3′-sialyllactose (3′SL, 30 µg/mL) and lactose (glycan control) and determined network formation (Matrigel assay), proliferation (MTT assays), actin organization (F-actin staining), tube formation (fibrin tube formation assay) and sprouting (spheroid sprouting assay). (3) Results: 3′SL was higher in GDM cord blood. HMOs increased network formation, HMOs and 3’SL increased proliferation and F-actin staining. In fibrin assays, HMOs and 3’SL increased total tube length by 24% and 25% (p < 0.05), in spheroid assays, by 32% (p < 0.05) and 21% (p = 0.056), respectively. Lactose had no effect. (4) Conclusions: Our study suggests a novel role of HMOs in feto-placental angiogenesis and indicates a contribution of HMO composition to altered feto-placental vascularization in GDM.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Growth of Bifidobacteria in Monoculture and Co-culture With Faecalibacterium prausnitzii

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianghui Cheng ◽  
Mensiena B. G. Kiewiet ◽  
Madelon J. Logtenberg ◽  
Andre Groeneveld ◽  
Arjen Nauta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii

scholarly journals Regulation of hBD-2, hBD-3, hCAP18/LL37, and Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Human Milk Oligosaccharides in an Organotypic Oral Mucosal Model

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Ulvi K. Gürsoy ◽  
Krista Salli ◽  
Eva Söderling ◽  
Mervi Gürsoy ◽  
Johanna Hirvonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Proinflammatory Response ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Gingival Cells ◽  
Mucosal Secretion ◽  
Immunomodulatory Potential

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third largest solid fraction in human milk, can modulate inflammation through Toll-like receptor signaling, but little is known about their immunomodulatory potential in the oral cavity. In this study, we determined whether the HMOs 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL) and 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) regulate human-beta defensin (hBD)-2 and -3, cathelicidin (hCAP18/LL-37), and cytokine responses in human gingival cells using a three-dimensional oral mucosal culture model. The model was incubated with 0.1% or 1% 2’-FL and 3-FL, alone and in combination, for 5 or 24 h, and hBD-2, hBD-3, and hCAP18/LL-37 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression profiles of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1RA, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were determined by LUMINEX immunoassay. The combination of 1% 2’-FL and 1% 3-FL, and 1% 3-FL alone, for 24 h upregulated hBD-2 protein expression significantly (p < 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). No changes in the other antimicrobial peptides or proinflammatory cytokines were observed. Thus, 3-FL, alone and in combination with 2´-FL, stimulates oral mucosal secretion of hBD-2, without effecting a proinflammatory response when studied in an oral mucosal culture model.

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