Consuming Gymnema sylvestre Reduces the Desire for High-Sugar Sweet Foods

Background. Gymnemic acids, from the plant Gymnema sylvestre (GS), selectively suppress taste responses to sweet compounds without affecting the perception of other taste elements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of consuming a GS-containing mint on the desire to consume high-sugar sweet foods directly thereafter. Methods. This study utilized a single-blind, crossover design comparing the consumption of a mint (dissolving tablet) containing 4 mg of gymnemic acids with an isocaloric placebo in 56 healthy young men and women. Participants were given samples of their favourite chocolate (varied between 14–18 g; energy varied between 292–370 kJ) and were directed to rate on their hunger on 100-mm visual analogue scales 30 s prior to consuming high-sugar sweet food (chocolate). They then consumed the GS mint or placebo mint and rated their perceived pleasantness and desire for more chocolate on separate visual analogue scales immediately following consumption of the high-sugar sweet food before being offered up to five additional servings (and asked to rate hunger, pleasantness and desire to eat more chocolate between each ingestion period). Results. The number of chocolate bars eaten decreased by 0.48 bars (21.3%) within a 15-min period of consumption of the GS mint (p = 0.006). Desire to eat more of the high-sugar sweet food (p = 0.011) and pleasantness of the high-sugar sweet food (p < 0.001) was reduced after GS mint intake. Those who reported having a ‘sweet tooth’ had a greater reduction in the pleasantness of chocolate (p = 0.037) and desire to eat more (p = 0.004) after consuming the GS mint for the first serving of a high-sugar sweet food following the mint. Conclusion. Consuming gymnema-containing mints compared to placebo significantly reduced the quantity of chocolate eaten mainly due to a decrease in the desire and pleasantness of consuming it.

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Gender Differences in the Appetite Response to a Satiating Diet

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2015/140139 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Alexandra Bédard ◽

Anne-Marie Hudon ◽

Vicky Drapeau ◽

Louise Corneau ◽

Sylvie Dodin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Body Weight ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Gender Issues ◽

Men And Women ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Desire To Eat ◽

Analogue Scales ◽

Over Time

We examined gender differences in appetite sensations when exposed to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) meals and determined whether there are gender differences in the change in the satiating properties of the MedDiet over time. Thirty-eight men and 32 premenopausal women consumed a 4-week isoenergetic MedDiet under controlled conditions. Visual analogue scales were used to measure perceived appetite sensations before and immediately after each meal consumed over the course of one day (Wednesday) of the first and the fourth week of intervention. Women reported greater decreases for desire to eat, hunger, and appetite score than men in response to the consumption of the MedDiet meals (gender-by-meal interactions, resp.,P=0.04,P=0.048, andP=0.03). Fullness and prospective food consumption responses did not significantly differ between men and women. Between the first and the fourth week of intervention, premeal prospective food consumption increased with time in men (P=0.0007) but not in women (P=0.84;Pfor gender-by-time interaction = 0.04). These results indicate gender differences in appetite sensations when exposed to the MedDiet. These results may be useful in order to have a better understanding of gender issues for body weight management.

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Gymnemic acids lozenge reduces short-term consumption of high-sugar food: A placebo controlled experiment

Journal of Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1177/0269881117728541 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (11) ◽

pp. 1496-1502 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Eric Stice ◽

Sonja Yokum ◽

Jeff M Gau

Keyword(s):

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Sweet Taste ◽

Controlled Experiment ◽

Taste Receptors ◽

Short Term ◽

Double Blind ◽

High Sugar ◽

Sweet Food ◽

Sweet Taste Receptors ◽

Desire To Eat

Gymnemic acids (GA) suppress sweet taste and reduce consumption of high-sugar foods (HSF) which has been attributed to the reduction in pleasure. Herein we tested whether GA reduces the desire to eat HSF, before any HSF is tasted post GA dosing, which would implicate another mechanism of action not previously examined. In this double-blind experiment, 67 adults selected a favourite candy, consumed one standardized serving, rated candy pleasantness along with desire for more candy, and were randomly assigned to consume a GA or placebo lozenge. They subsequently completed candy desire ratings and were offered additional candy servings, one at a time. If an offering was accepted, it was consumed, pleasantness and desire ratings were reported, and another serving was offered. The GA lozenge versus the placebo produced a 31% reduction in participants who chose to eat the first candy offering after GA dosing and produced a 44% reduction in total candy intake. GA versus placebo participants who ate at least one optional serving reported reduced candy pleasantness, though reductions in reported desire did not reach significance. The GA lozenge reduced candy consumption and desire for candy, providing novel evidence that blockade of sweet taste receptors reduces desire for sweet food, even before the food is tasted after GA dosing. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02744885

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A Multicentre Hospital Study to Compare the Hypnotic Efficacy of Loprazolam and Nitrazepam

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/030006058401200402 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 229-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C Joan McAlpine ◽

S I Ankier ◽

Catherine S C Elliott

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Subjective Evaluation ◽

Double Blind ◽

Visual Analogue Scales ◽

Parallel Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hypnotic Efficacy ◽

Hospital Study ◽

Analogue Scales ◽

Single Blind

A multicentre, parallel group hospital study was carried out in 190 subjects with insomnia to compare the efficacy, incidence of hangover and the side-effects of loprazolam and nitrazepam. Following 2 nights single-blind phase on placebo, loprazolam (1·0 mg), nitrazepam (5·0 mg) or placebo was administered double-blind for 7 consecutive nights. Visual analogue scales and questions were used to rate efficacy. There was no statistically significant difference between loprazolam and nitrazepam for ‘ease of getting to sleep’, ‘restfulness of sleep’ and ‘depth of sleep’. Like nitrazepam, loprazolam diminished the number of periods of wakefulness and made it ‘easier to get to sleep again’. Subjective evaluation showed that hangover was not a feature of loprazolam. It did not affect morning alertness and patients thought they had improved balance and co-ordination while on this drug. These findings are in keeping with the evidence of other workers who have shown only minimal psychomotor impairment, if any, with loprazolam (1·0 mg). There was no statistically significant difference between treatments with respect to frequency or incidence of side-effects.

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Dispositional Properties of Metaphor

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000234 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 175-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Adam K. Fetterman ◽

Brian P. Meier ◽

Michael D. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Positive Affect ◽

Food Preferences ◽

Self Control ◽

Taste Preferences ◽

Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽

Prosocial Motivation ◽

Sweet Food ◽

Metaphor Theory ◽

Sweet Foods ◽

Dispositional Properties

Abstract. Metaphors often characterize prosocial actions and people as sweet. Three studies sought to explore whether conceptual metaphors of this type can provide insights into the prosocial trait of agreeableness and into daily life prosociality. Study 1 (n = 698) examined relationships between agreeableness and food taste preferences. Studies 2 (n = 66) and 3 (n = 132) utilized daily diary protocols. In Study 1, more agreeable people liked sweet foods to a greater extent. In Study 2, greater sweet food preferences predicted a stronger positive relationship between daily prosocial behaviors and positive affect, a pattern consistent with prosocial motivation. Finally, Study 3 found that daily prosocial feelings and behaviors varied positively with sweet food consumption in a manner that could not be ascribed to positive affect or self-control. Altogether, the findings encourage further efforts to extend conceptual metaphor theory to the domain of personality processes, in part by building on balance-related ideas.

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Visual Analogue Scales for Smoking

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t12537-000 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Roy Thewissen ◽

Steffie J. B. D. Snijders ◽

Remco C. Havermans ◽

Marcel van den Hout ◽

Anita Jansen

Keyword(s):

Visual Analogue Scales ◽

Analogue Scales

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Validation of the Attitude-Older Adult and Aging-Visual Analogue Scales (At-O-A)

Educational Gerontology ◽

10.1080/03601277.2013.858467 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (8) ◽

pp. 572-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mary Ligon ◽

Katie Ehlman ◽

Gabriele Moriello ◽

Colleen Russo ◽

Kamila Miller

Keyword(s):

Older Adult ◽

Visual Analogue Scales ◽

Analogue Scales

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Chronic low back pain measurement with visual analogue scales in different settings

Pain ◽

10.1016/0304-3959(95)00208-1 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 425-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 125

Author(s):

Michael Ogon ◽

Martin Krismer ◽

Wolfgang Söllner ◽

Wilhelm Kantner-Rumplmair ◽

Astrid Lampe

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Chronic Low Back Pain ◽

Pain Measurement ◽

Low Back ◽

Visual Analogue Scales ◽

Analogue Scales

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Comparison of fixed interval and visual analogue scales for rating chronic pain

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/bf00562315 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 415-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 302

Author(s):

C. R. B. Joyce ◽

D. W. Zutshi ◽

V. Hrubes ◽

R. M. Mason

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Fixed Interval ◽

Visual Analogue Scales ◽

Analogue Scales

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NO EFFECTS OF SWEET TASTE EXPOSURE AT BREAKFAST FOR 3 WEEKS ON PLEASANTNESS, DESIRE FOR, SWEETNESS OR INTAKE OF OTHER SWEET FOODS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711452100235x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-33

Author(s):

Katherine M Appleton ◽

Jessica Rajska ◽

Sarah M Warwick ◽

Peter J Rogers

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Sweet Taste ◽

Breakfast Cereal ◽

Bayesian Analyses ◽

Intention To Treat ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Sweet Foods ◽

Taste Exposure ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Desire To Eat

Abstract This work investigated the effects of repeated sweet taste exposure at breakfast on perceptions and intakes of other sweet foods, while also examining effects due to duration of exposure (1/3 weeks), test context (breakfast/lunch), and associations between taste perceptions and intakes. Using a randomised controlled parallel-groups design, participants (N=54, 18 male, mean age: 23.9±5.8yrs, mean BMI: 23.6±3.5kg/m2) were randomized to consume either a sweet breakfast (cereal with sucralose) (N=27) or an equicaloric non-sweet breakfast (plain cereal) (N=27) for 3 weeks. On days 0 (baseline), 7, and 21, pleasantness, desire to eat and sweetness were rated for other sweet and non-sweet foods, and sweet food consumption was assessed in an ad-libitum meal at breakfast and lunch. Using intention-to-treat analyses, no statistically significant effects of exposure were found at breakfast (largest F(2,104)=1.84, p=0.17, ηp2=0.03), or lunch (largest F(1,52)=1.22, p=0.27, ηp2=0.02), and using Bayesian analyses, the evidence for an absence of effect in all rating measures was strong to very strong (smallest BF01=297.97 (BF01error=2.68%)). Associations between ratings of pleasantness, desire to eat and intake were found (smallest r=0.137, p<0.01). Effects over time regardless of exposure were also found: sugars and percent energy consumed from sweet foods increased throughout the study smallest (F(2,104)=4.54, p=0.01, ηp2=0.08). These findings demonstrate no effects of sweet taste exposure at breakfast for 1 or 3 weeks on pleasantness, desire for, sweetness or intakes of other sweet foods in either the same (breakfast) or in a different (lunch) meal context.

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