Penerapan Abdominal Stretching Exercise Yang Diiringi Musik Klasik Untuk Menurunkan Dismenore Pada Remaja

Adolescents often experience dysmenorrhea during menstruation. One of the non- pharmacological methods implemented to reduce dysmenorrhea is Abdominal Stretching Exercise accompanied by classical music. The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of Abdominal Stretching Exercise accompanied by classical music in reducing dysmenorrhea. This research was a case study with two adolescents experiencing dysmenorrhea as the participants. The instrument being used was a pain measurement observation sheet with the Numerical Pain Intensity Scale. The intervention given to the participants was the implementation of Abdominal Stretching Exercise accompanied by classical music for 10-15 minutes on the first and second days of dysmenorrhea. The result showed that the pain scale before and after the intervention in case 1 decreased from 5 to 0, and in case 2, it decreased from 7 to 1. In conclusion, the implementation of Abdominal Stretching Exercise accompanied by classical: music could reduce dysmenorrhea in adolescents. It is recommended that health workers can teach and implement Abdominal Stretching Exercises accompanied by classical music in reducing dysmenorrhea in adolescents.Keywords: Dysmenorrhea; Abdominal Stretching Exercise; classical music; teenagers AbstrakRemaja seringkali mengalami dismenore saat menstruasi. Cara non farmakologis yang dilakukan untuk menurunkan nyeri dismenore salah satunya adalah terapi abdominal stretching exercise yang diiringi musik klasik. Tujuan karya tulis ilmiah ini untuk menggambarkan penerapan abdominal stretching exercise yang diiringi musik klasik dalam menurunkan dismenore. Desain karya tulis ilmiah ini berupa studi kasus pada dua remaja yang mengalami dismenore. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi pengukuran nyeri menggunakan Numerik Pain Intensity Scale. Intervensi dengan menerapkan abdominal stretching exercise yang diiringi musik klasik selama 10-15 menit dilakukankan saat dismenore pada hari pertama dan kedua. Hasil menunjukkan sebelum intervensi skala nyeri pada kasus 1 yaitu 5 pada kasus 2 yaitu 7. Setelah intervensi skala nyeri pada kasus 1 yaitu 0 pada kasus 2 yaitu 1. Simpulan studi kasus adalah penerapan abdominal stretching exercise yang diiringi musik klasik dapat menurunkan dismenore pada remaja. Bagi petugas kesehatan disarankan dapat mengajarkan dan menerapkan abdominal stretching exercise yang diiringi musik klasik dalam menurunkan dismenore pada remaja. Kata kunci: Dismenore; Abdominal stretching exercise; Musik klasik; Remaja

Beyond Average: Providers' Assessments of Indices for Measuring Pain Intensity in Patients With Chronic Pain

Introduction: Effective clinical care for chronic pain requires accurate, comprehensive, meaningful pain assessment. This study investigated healthcare providers' perspectives on seven pain measurement indices for capturing pain intensity.Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample from four US regions of 20 healthcare providers who treat patients with chronic pain. The qualitative interview guide included open-ended questions to address perspectives on pain measurement, and included quantitative ratings of the importance of seven indices [average pain, worst pain, least pain, time in no/low pain, time in high pain, fluctuating pain, unpredictable pain]. Qualitative interview data were read, coded and analyzed for themes and final interpretation. Standard quantitative methods were used to analyze index importance ratings.Results: Despite concerns regarding 10-point visual analog and numeric rating scales, almost all providers used them. Providers most commonly asked about average pain, although they expressed misgivings about patient reporting and the index's informational value. Some supplemented average with worst and least pain, and most believed pain intensity is best understood within the context of patient functioning. Worst pain received the highest mean importance rating (7.60), average pain the second lowest rating (5.65), and unpredictable pain the lowest rating (5.20).Discussion: Assessing average pain intensity obviates obtaining clinical insight into daily contextual factors relating to pain and functioning. Pain index use, together with timing, functionality and disability, may be most effective for understanding the meaning to patients of high pain, how pain affects their life, how life affects their pain, and how pain changes and responds to treatment.

Definition and assessment of chronic pain in advanced disease

This chapter discusses the various definitions applied to pain including chronic, nociceptive, neuropathic, and breakthrough. It gives a broad overview of the epidemiology of pain including its prevalence of greater than 50% in those patients with advanced disease and its under-treatment. The second part of the chapter explains how best to characterize the pain complaint. It acknowledges the importance of a thorough history, including pain characteristics such as severity and associated features. Several pain measurement scales, which can be used both in clinical practice and research, are presented. Clinical examination and imaging are also discussed as aids to diagnosis and management of pain. It concludes with how to assess pain in the context of a palliative plan of care, stressing the need to consider the many challenges that patients face with advancing disease and how the management of pain is affected by other symptoms patients may have.

Measuring Pain Intensity in Elderly Patients

Pain intensity is considered as the fifth vital sign. However, it is the only vital sign which is subjective, with there being many pain measurement tools for adults to rate their level of pain. Additionally, there is an increasing number of aging populations throughout the world, and pain measurement in this group of people is challenging as geriatrics have both physical and cognitive impairment. The most frequently utilized pain measurement tools are; the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS); and faces scales [Faces Pain Scale (FPS) and Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) are the faces scales studied most often] tend to be valid for measuring pain severity in cognitively intact elderly. When problems arise, the VAS is the pain measurement tool found to have more difficulties (including higher rates of failure) than the other tools. In elderly with cognitive deficits, fewer difficulties tend to occur as the tools become simpler, with the most valid and useful tools in the following order: the FPS/FPS-R, the VRS, the 0-10 NRS, and the VAS. Furthermore, simpler pain measurement tools tend to be favored over more complicated tools. Keywords: aging; elderly; geriatrics; older; pain measurement; pain measurement tools

Cancer-Related Fatigue

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is abundantly represented in most cancer populations and is highly distressing, causing significant psychological and functional morbidity. It does not receive enough attention from cancer clinicians as a certain amount of fatigue is expected from cancer and treatments. However, CRF is a distinct entity and category of fatigue that does not respond to usual restorative measures. This chapter reviews its definition, prevalence, pathophysiology, and assessment including unique contributory causes and distinguishing CRF from other symptoms such as depression and pain. Measurement tools are discussed. Strategies for the management of CRF including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions are reviewed and tips are provided. Evidence is presented for the use of psychostimulants and other drug therapy as well as exercise, psychotherapies, and mind-body interventions (e.g., yoga, acupuncture). CRF is a distinct entity with significant consequences for patients. Its assessment should be thorough and treatment directed toward underlying causes.