Defatted Tenebrio molitor Larva Fermentation Extract Modifies Steatosis, Inflammation and Intestinal Microflora in Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rats

This study examined the effects of defatted mealworm fermentation extract (MWF) on alcoholic liver injury in rats. The rats were fed either a Lieber-DeCarli control (Con) or alcohol liquid diet (EtOH). The alcohol-fed rats were administered MWF (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day) and silymarin (200 mg/kg/day) orally for eight weeks. MWF prevented alcohol-induced hepatocellular damage by decreasing their serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels significantly compared to the EtOH group. MWF effectively reduced the relative hepatic weight, lipid contents, and fat deposition, along with the down-regulation of transcriptional factors and genes involved in lipogenesis compared to the EtOH group. It also enhanced the antioxidant defense system by elevating the glutathione level and glutathione reductase activity. MWF attenuated the alcohol-induced inflammatory response by down-regulating hepatic inflammation-associated proteins expression, such as phosphorylated-inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in chronic alcohol-fed rats. Furthermore, sequencing analysis in the colonic microbiota showed that MWF tended to increase Lactobacillus johnsonii reduced by chronic alcohol consumption. These findings suggest that MWF can attenuate alcoholic liver injury by regulating the lipogenic and inflammatory pathway and antioxidant defense system, as well as by partially altering the microbial composition.

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Effects of Scopoletin Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Antioxidant Defense System in Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rats

Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition ◽

10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.2.173 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 173-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hae-In Lee ◽

Mi-Kyung Lee

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Chronic Alcohol ◽

Defense System

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Metabolomics Study of Serum from a Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rat Model Following Administration of Defatted Tenebrio molitor Larva Fermentation Extract

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo10110436 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 436

Author(s):

Ra-Yeong Choi ◽

Moongi Ji ◽

Mi-Kyung Lee ◽

Man-Jeong Paik

Keyword(s):

Liver Injury ◽

Rat Model ◽

Principal Component ◽

Control Group ◽

Alcoholic Liver Injury ◽

Chronic Alcohol ◽

Octadecanoic Acid ◽

Oxidation Activity ◽

Metabolomics Study ◽

Etoh Group

We have previously showed that defatted mealworm fermentation extract (MWF) attenuates alcoholic liver injury by regulating lipid, inflammatory, and antioxidant metabolism in chronic alcohol-fed rats. The current metabolomics study was performed to monitor biochemical events following the administration of MWF (daily for eight weeks) to a rat model of alcoholic liver injury by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The levels of 15 amino acids (AAs), 17 organic acids (OAs), and 19 free fatty acids (FFAs) were measured in serum. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to compare the levels of 51 metabolites in serum. In particular, 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HB), pyroglutamic acid (PG), octadecanoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were evaluated as high variable importance point (VIP) scores and PCA loading scores as determined by PLS-DA and PCA, and these were significantly higher in the MWF and silymarin groups than in the EtOH group. MWF showed a protective effect from alcohol-induced liver damage by elevating hepatic β-oxidation activity, and serum 3-HB levels were significantly higher in the MWF group than in the EtOH control group. Glycine levels were higher in the MWF group than in the EtOH group, and PG levels (related to glutathione production) were also elevated, indicating a reduction in alcohol-related oxidative stress. In addition, MWF is protected from alcohol-induced inflammation and steatosis by increasing serum DHA, palmitic, and octadecanoic acid levels as compared with the EtOH group. These results suggest that MWF might attenuate alcoholic liver disease, due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by up-regulating hepatic β-oxidation activity and down-regulating liver FFA uptake.

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Carnosic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in rats via fortifying cellular antioxidant defense system

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Qisen Xiang ◽

Zhigang Liu ◽

Yutang Wang ◽

Haifang Xiao ◽

Wanqiang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Injury ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Carnosic Acid ◽

Defense System

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Effect of Extract and Ellagic Acid from Geranium schiedeanum on the Antioxidant Defense System in An Induced-Necrosis Model

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox7120178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 178 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nancy Vargas-Mendoza ◽

Miguel Vázquez-Velasco ◽

Laura González-Torres ◽

Juana Benedí ◽

Francisco Sánchez-Muniz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Injury ◽

Ellagic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Sublethal Dose ◽

Defense System ◽

Active Metabolites ◽

Total Extract ◽

Traditional Therapies ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant

Geranium schiedeanum has been used in traditional therapies as an antiseptic, antipyretic, and as analgesic. The present study was designed to evaluate the pretreatment with G. schiedeanum total extract (GS) and its active metabolites on stimulating the endogenous antioxidant defense system (EADS): catalase (Cat), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione reduction index (RI GSH/GSSG) in rat liver treated with a sublethal dose (6.6 mmol/Kg) of thioacetamide (TAA) in order to probe the capacity of GS and the active compounds to reduce liver injury. This was assessed by measuring aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (BILT) in rats pretreated or not with TAA, and pretreated or not with GS and its metabolites. The results showed that GS was able to induce the production of EADS enzymes, increasing redox index GSH/GSSG at 24 and 48 h after intoxication, and both the extract and the ellagic acid exhibited a significant reduction of hepatic damage markers. Our data confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of GS and its metabolites, like ellagic acid, support the possible use of this extract in the treatment of liver injury.

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