scholarly journals Plasma Branched-Chain and Aromatic Amino Acids in Relation to Hypertension

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3791
Author(s):  
M. H. Mahbub ◽  
Natsu Yamaguchi ◽  
Ryosuke Hase ◽  
Hidekazu Takahashi ◽  
Yasutaka Ishimaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Branched Chain

Findings of the available studies regarding the roles of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) in hypertension are inconsistent, conflicting and inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to explore and clarify the existence of any relationships of individual BCAAs and AAAs with hypertension with adjustments for potential relevant confounders. A total of 2805 healthy controls and 2736 hypertensive patients were included in the current analysis. The associations between individual amino acids and hypertension were explored by logistic regression analyses adjusted for potential confounding variables. Among the investigated amino acids, only the BCAAs showed consistently significant positive associations with hypertension in the adjusted models (p-trend < 0.05 to 0.001). However, compared with the corresponding lowest quartile of individual BCAAs, the positive association with hypertension remained significant only in the highest quartile (p < 0.01 to 0.001). We confirmed in a relatively large cohort of subjects that BCAAs, not AAAs, demonstrated consistent positive associations with hypertension. The results display the promising potential for the use of BCAAs as relevant and accessible biomarkers, and provide perspectives on interventions directed towards the reduction in plasma BCAA levels in the prevention and management of hypertension.

BCAA intake affects protein metabolism in muscle after but not during exercise in humans

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (2) ◽  
pp. E365-E374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Blomstrand ◽  
Bengt Saltin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Muscle Concentration ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Exercise In Humans

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) or a placebo was given to seven subjects during 1 h of ergometer cycle exercise and a 2-h recovery period. Intake of BCAA did not influence the rate of exchange of the aromatic amino acids, tyrosine and phenylalanine, in the legs during exercise or the increase in their concentration in muscle. The increase was ∼30% in both conditions. On the other hand, in the recovery period after exercise, a faster decrease in the muscle concentration of aromatic amino acids was found in the BCAA experiment (46% compared with 25% in the placebo condition). There was also a tendency to a smaller release (an average of 32%) of these amino acids from the legs during the 2-h recovery. The results suggest that BCAA have a protein-sparing effect during the recovery after exercise, either that protein synthesis has been stimulated and/or protein degradation has decreased, but the data during exercise are too variable to make any conclusions about the effects during exercise. The effect in the recovery period does not seem to be mediated by insulin.

Changes in plasma concentration of kynurenine following intake of branched-chain amino acids are not caused by alterations in muscle kynurenine metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O Jonsson ◽  
Jonathan Ponette ◽  
Oscar Horwath ◽  
Tomas Rydenstam ◽  
Karin Söderlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Kynurenine Metabolism ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Exercise Induced

Administration of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) has been suggested to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, including levels of PGC-1α, which may, in turn, alter kynurenine metabolism. Ten healthy subjects performed 60 min of dynamic one-leg exercise at ~70% of Wmax on two occasions. They were in random order supplied either a mixture of BCAA or flavored water (placebo) during the experiment. Blood samples were collected during exercise and recovery, and muscle biopsies were taken from both legs before, after and 90 and 180 min following exercise. Ingestion of BCAA doubled their concentration in both plasma and muscle while causing a 30-40% reduction (P<0.05 vs. placebo) in levels of aromatic amino acids in both resting and exercising muscle during 3-h recovery. The muscle concentration of kynurenine decreased by 25% (P<0.05) during recovery, similar in both resting and exercising leg and with both supplements, although plasma concentration of kynurenine during recovery was 10% lower (P<0.05) when BCAA were ingested. Ingestion of BCAA reduced the plasma concentration of kynurenic acid by 60% (P<0.01) during exercise and recovery, while the level remained unchanged with placebo. Exercise induced a 3-4-fold increase (P<0.05) in muscle content of PGC-1a1 mRNA after 90 min of recovery under both conditions, whereas levels of KAT4 mRNA and protein were unaffected by exercise or supplement. In conclusion, the reduction of plasma levels of kynurenine and kynurenic acid caused by BCAA were not associated with any changes in the level of muscle kynurenine, suggesting that kynurenine metabolism was altered in tissues other than muscle.

A Comparison of the Effects of Intravenous Infusion of Individual Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Blood Amino Acid Levels in Man

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eriksson ◽  
L. Hagenfeldt ◽  
J. Wahren
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Branched Chain

1., Intravenous infusions of l-valine (600 μmol/min), l-isoleucine (150 μmol/min), l-leucine (300 μmol/min) and a mixture of the three branched-chain amino acids (70% l-leucine, 20% l-valine, 10% l-isoleucine; 270 μmol/min) were given to four groups of healthy volunteer subjects. Whole-blood concentrations of amino acids and glucose and serum insulin were measured before and during the infusions. 2. Valine and isoleucine infusions resulted in twelve- and six-fold increases in the respective amino acid. During valine infusion, tyrosine was the only amino acid for which a decrease in concentration was seen (25%, P < 0.05). With isoleucine administration, no significant changes were found. In contrast, leucine infusion (during which the leucine concentration rose about sixfold) was accompanied by significant decreases in tyrosine (35%), phenylalanine (35%), methionine (50%), valine (40%) and isoleucine (55%). The arterial glucose concentration fell slightly (5%) and the insulin concentration increased 20% during leucine infusion. 3. Infusion of the mixture of the three branched-chain amino acids resulted in marked decreases in tyrosine (50%), phenylalanine (50%) and methionine (35%). The decreased amino acid levels remained low for 2 h after the end of the infusion. 4. The present findings demonstrate that intravenous infusion of leucine (not infusion of valine or isoleucine) results in marked reductions in the concentrations of the aromatic amino acids and methionine. Infusion of a mixture of the three branched-chain amino acids gives results similar to those obtained with leucine infusion alone. Thus a mixed branched-chain amino acid solution with leucine as its main constituent seems to be the best alternative in the treatment of patients with hepatic cirrhosis and encephalopathy.

scholarly journals Induction of Coma in Normal Dogs by the Infusion of Aromatic Amino Acids and Its Prevention by the Addition of Branched-Chain Amino Acids

1982 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Rossi-Fanelli ◽  
Herbert Freund ◽  
Rudolf Krause ◽  
Arlan R. Smith ◽  
J. Howard James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals Urinary Metabolomic Markers of Protein Glycation, Oxidation, and Nitration in Early-Stage Decline in Metabolic, Vascular, and Renal Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinit Masania ◽  
Gernot Faustmann ◽  
Attia Anwar ◽  
Hildegard Hafner-Giessauf ◽  
Nasir Rajpoot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Health Decline ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Health Screen

Glycation, oxidation, nitration, and crosslinking of proteins are implicated in the pathogenic mechanisms of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Related modified amino acids formed by proteolysis are excreted in urine. We quantified urinary levels of these metabolites and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in healthy subjects and assessed changes in early-stage decline in metabolic, vascular, and renal health and explored their diagnostic utility for a noninvasive health screen. We recruited 200 human subjects with early-stage health decline and healthy controls. Urinary amino acid metabolites were determined by stable isotopic dilution analysis liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Machine learning was applied to optimise and validate algorithms to discriminate between study groups for potential diagnostic utility. Urinary analyte changes were as follows: impaired metabolic health—increased Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine, glucosepane, glutamic semialdehyde, and pyrraline; impaired vascular health—increased glucosepane; and impaired renal health—increased BCAAs and decreased Nε-(γ-glutamyl)lysine. Algorithms combining subject age, BMI, and BCAAs discriminated between healthy controls and impaired metabolic, vascular, and renal health study groups with accuracy of 84%, 72%, and 90%, respectively. In 2-step analysis, algorithms combining subject age, BMI, and urinary Nε-fructosyl-lysine and valine discriminated between healthy controls and impaired health (any type), accuracy of 78%, and then between types of health impairment with accuracy of 69%-78% (cf. random selection 33%). From likelihood ratios, this provided small, moderate, and conclusive evidence of early-stage cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal disease with diagnostic odds ratios of 6 – 7, 26 – 28, and 34 – 79, respectively. We conclude that measurement of urinary glycated, oxidized, crosslinked, and branched-chain amino acids provides the basis for a noninvasive health screen for early-stage health decline in metabolic, vascular, and renal health.

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